Contemporary theory to excavate and interpret Chinese traditional ideological resources，"Cutting Foot Promotion" is often a doubt that it is difficult to completely eliminate。If the restoration and discovery of "history" can also be done as much as possible as possible，So the interpretation and invention in a "argument" manner can be easily questioned as deliberate or casual。Because of this，It also highlights the necessity of explanation of Chinese traditional ideological resources based on Chinese local discourse，This can be at the same time as the nativeness and integrity of the traditional Chinese ideological category，Make it renewed in the background of Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges.。Digging and interpreting the connotation of the spirit of Chinese aesthetics，It is also because of this motivation。Gongfu is an important aspect of the spirit of Chinese aesthetics，It is also a philosophical category that can be performed in cross -cultural exchanges，Combined with the tradition of Chinese aesthetics，It can make a clearer clarification of its connotation。

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The concept of "time" or "kung fu" in Chinese in Chinese，Refers to investing time and energy on something，The two are often mixed and universal。But for the rigor of terms，Also distinguished from the "Kung Fu" commonly used by the public now，In addition, considering that "work" is more inclined to reflect the tempering of the time process and the minimal time of employment，Here we are uniformly called "Gongfu"。To the Song and Ming dynasties，The discussion of the scientist's discussion of the work tends to be theoretical and systematic，It can be called "Gongfu" for this。

Once you enter the context of "Gongfu"，The original broad connotation of the word "time" also changed。If you say，In the sense of popularity，As long as you spend your mind in a certain thing、Time and energy，It can be described as a work; then，Under the framework of Gongfu，The time and energy of these inputs，The value of the main spirit of the main body and the significance of the world's own content appear，。"value" and "meaning" here，All point directly Bet365 lotto review to "ontology"，is the "Zhaoying" and "Display"。As Liu Zongzhou said，"Scholars are willing to use the time，That is the exposure of the body "，"The more precise the time, the more precise，The more Zhaoying in the body "。In Chinese philosophy，The ontology is not separated from the time of the time，The body is accompanied by the graduation of the work gradually.，Every level of gradual gradual，The body also presents the corresponding clear realm。

"Body -Gongfu" category is inseparable，The purpose of our current grasp of the aesthetic education、The humanistic value of thinking about art education has important inspiration。From the beginning of Schiller's concept of "aesthetic education"，Aesthetic education is an educational for people who make people (or return).，Pointing to the value on the person as a person。In this sense，"Education" of Aesthetic Education as a process and method，can be called a kind of time。but at the real level，Unsifying the art education of Aesthetic Education and Professional Education。On the surface，Aesthetic education and professional art education with art as a medium does include appreciation and learning of art works、The tempering and mastering of artistic techniques，and in a popular sense，People also refer to this kind of behavior as "Flower Gongfu" on a certain art category。But what must be clear is，For aesthetic education，Familiarity and even mastering art language and techniques is just an intermediary，It ultimately leads to the perfect cultivation of personality and noble sentiment; for professional art education，Although it can also realize a deep understanding of the human spiritual world，But this is not its common goal，Professional art education is mostly for the purpose of being familiar with and proficient in certain skills，Sometimes it also takes the actual consideration of living and profitable to make a living and profit。Under the framework of Gongfu，The former is the real "work"，The latter is more often "investment" for time and energy，There is no substantial difference between "input -output" and utilitarian "input -output"。

At the same time，The category of "ontology -Gongfu" is also directly related to the humanistic value of art education。The ontology is reflected in the in -depth understanding and grasp of the world，It is closely related to the state of life and survival of human beings。bet365 Play online games So，Only the art of "art for art"，Fracture of art and human values ​​due to the lack of the pursuit of its ontology，Finally reduced to thin and poor technical performance。Therefore，With the use of "ontology -Gongfu", the category of thinking，We can be more clear、Simply distinguish，Education also carried out through the art media，Whether professional art education and aesthetic education are just "same workers" or "alien meter"，At the same time，This also helps us think about how to carry out real aesthetic education at the real level。

　　Basic features of physical and mental practice

For people and things、The relationship between people and the world，Gongfu theory emphasizes understanding in a physical and mental way、Recognize and grasp，At the same time, there is a "music" experience at each stage。This physical and mental practice，Pay attention to intuitive experience，Advocated the subject status and value of people，Delicate with modern aesthetic education thoughts，The important connotation of the spirit of Chinese aesthetic education。

In the discussion of a scientist in Song and Ming,，Gongfu theory is often expressed as a grid in the extensive sense。Wang Yang Ming said: "What is the so -called grid，It said in Zhu Zijiu's Article，All include it in it。but it is required，Different effects。"" ("Biography") Look at the nine articles mentioned in Zhu Xi's "University or question"，"All say that the places where the grids know how to do the force and the second project"，Among them, it is worth noting: "From the body，The principle of all things，Duoduo Meeting。"" Things must be reasonable，All are poor。"" I am reasonable，Cai Mingbi，That is to know this。One grass and one wood are reasonable，Do not inspect。"" Inspect it。"Since everything is rational in everything，So，Naturally, you can work in all things。The starting point and main point of the time of time，is the "detection of the body" emphasized when Song Ming often emphasizes "the body"。Although it is reasonable in all things、"Things must be reasonable"，But our consideration and grasp of reason，I can only start from my own body and mind，Check the body inspection。And because of "I am one reason"，Be able to "know this"，This is also for us to practice through our own physical and mental performance、provides the foundation and feasibility from one to all things。

bet365 Play online games This kind of time to advocate physical and mental practice enters the road，The understanding of the path of the traditional western logic and rationality is very different。Use logical rationality to deduct progressive theory of progressive knowledge，From the subject's subjective perspective as the starting point，At the same time, attempt to surpass the limitation of human subjective understanding，and the seemingly objective frame of foreign objects。But as Schiller revealed，The development of modern western civilization proves the failure of this attempt，It does not realize the transcendence of human understanding，Instead, the splitting of rational and sensual。So，Schiller tries to bridge the humanity in modern society with beauty and aesthetics，The main value of the person who returns to the sound。

Unfortunately，Our understanding of aesthetics and aesthetic education often returns to the disagreement that Schiller intentionally corrected。Just as Du Wei proposed in "Aesthetic Education"，We translate German Asthetische into the serious consequences caused by "aesthetics"，It is "the understanding of the concept of 'aesthetic" that leads to bias understanding of aesthetic education "。Just as I usually know，Aesthetic education becomes "understand beauty、Feel beauty、Appreciate beauty、Create Beauty Education "，"This understanding leads the aesthetic education to the object world，Pay attention to the focus of the aesthetic education more attention to the comprehensive development of the subject (person) survival method and quality "。That is to say，"Beauty" is regarded as an object，What we do is to feel and grasp the beauty，​​and ignore the value of people's "feelings" and "grasping" for their own development。

"Feel" and "Grasp" itself，is the way to survive as the subject，It is a way of behavior of human and mental practice，It is the way to know and grasp the world，Speaking，This is the unique way to get in time。Here，The separation of the main and guests will no longer become an obstacle to know，Because it is "I am one reason" at the body level。At the same time，At the level of time，The cultivation of the "inspecting the body" also echo the original intention of beauty education in two aspects: on the one hand，It eliminates the tension between the subject and the object，Bet365 lotto review The subject's understanding of things is not "recognition" by pointing to the outside world，Instead, it is based on its own reflection and inspection; on the other hand,，"Body" of "Inspect it" not only refers to the "self" as a pronoun，In the cultivation of the science in Song and Ming,，It also refers to the "body" that actually exists in the facts of physical and mental combination.，It is a physical experience that combines the internal and external sensory。This is also the reason why Song and Ming scientists have discussed the way of respecting their health，Sitting and waiting for physical and mental training methods to become an important self -cultivation time in Confucianism is also related to this。In this kind of physical and mental perception，The so -called sensibility or rationality is already unadferred，The state of life of the subject is overlapping with the world's objective intersection，Huajian's beauty world full of "living image" (Schiller)。

　　Taking artistic things as a live carrier

The term "Gongfu" has been seen in the literature of the Buddhist and Taoist families very early，Later, Confucianism, especially Song and Ming Confucianism, gave a new connotation of time，and provide a new carrier for the practice of Gongfu，Among them, the most eye -catching intervention of artistic and physical affairs，Make Gongfu theory and aesthetics and aesthetics more connected。

Two Gongfu of the Buddhist Dao，More in self -mind、Practice in the flesh，Not to be dyed in the world、No involvement with things，This is also in line with the common spirit of the two universities。The theory we discuss here comes from Confucianism。Confucianism, although both thoughts of Buddhism and Taoism，But echo the spirit of the Confucian background，Emphasize the practice of practicing without leaving things。These things are extremely wide，Almost all aspects of life in life，Among them, the most reflected the connotation of the aesthetic education of "lively" theory，Then it is artistic and physical things。Gongfu theory take art as an important carrier，On the one hand, because of the strong spiritual attributes of art，So be free、intuitive、Fully express personal value pursuit; on the other hand, it is also the tradition and inertia of history，Starting from the pre -Qin period，Art has always been Confucian rituals、Common carrier of Leism and Poetry。

bet365 live casino games Pre -Qin period，Practice for gentleman personality，Confucius proposed "aspirational，According to Yu De，Depending on Ren，You Yuyi "(" The Analects of Confucius · Shi Ru ")。Arts and Road、De、Ren jointly constitutes four aspects of self -slimmer，A gentleman is in it，In the aesthetic experience of "You Yu Yi"，You can also internalize these four aspects of the "Sifang Games" (Hydegger)。other，Confucius also proposed "Content in Poetry，Standing in Li，Achievement of Le "(" The Analects of Confucius ")，Wang Guowei regards this as an important manifestation of the spirit of Confucius aesthetic education，Called "also teach people also，It began at aesthetic education，Finally Aesthetic Education "(" The Beauty of Confucius ")。Poems here、Li、Le Du is closely related to the artistic and physical things we call today，They are used as a time for personality，Through the Confucianism, recognize the ontology of the life of the life。

more consciously treat art as a kind of time for practice，At the same time, combine the idea of ​​"ontology -time" and artistic practice，is a doctor of literati during the Song and Ming dynasties。They are deeply influenced by Song Mingli，In the art works, deliberate to express and explain its life concept and value system，At the same time, it takes it more naturally to treat artistic and physical things as personality development、Treatment of temperament。

Gao Yan in the Ming Dynasty vividly showed how literati was immersed in artistic things at that time，And this "clear heart and happy": "Sitting Chen Zhongding，Several columns，Under the window of Tuo Tuo Song，Tu Zhanzhulu，Curtain 栊 霭，Barn Blossom Flower Research，Although the swallowed meal cloud，It is enough to forget the hunger and forever，Bingyu Wuzhai，One wash the atmosphere of the world。Qingxinlezhi，too much? "(" Zun Sheng Bian Jian · Yan Xianqing Revision ") As Tu Long said in the preface of the book，The meaning of the thing of the device，It is to make people "send something，庶 庶 不，Also clean "。From the perspective of Confucian scribes，The value of artistic and physical affairs lies in the function of helping physical and mental cultivation，Artistic creation is also a reflection of this kind of cultivation and natural revealing。such as，Shen Zhou said in the inscription of his "Sitting at Night"bet365 best casino games : "Today's sound ... touch the ears，Pieran and me wonderful，It is the person who is 訇，I am not about to study for my studies ...，Under the longer the candle，Because of the reason for seeking things，Miao of the mind，I thought the place where it should be repaired，There will be income。"" "，"Night Sitting Picture" is not just showing its visual significance through the picture，It shows the meaning of life meaning，Reflected the exploration and experience of the literati represented by Shen Zhou。So，Artwork as a physical thing becomes another kind of "training of study"，The time to become "the principle of seeking things"，Creator、The connoisseur uses this to resonate with the people in the painting will be in "the wonderfulness of the mind and body"，This "heart and body" is also a beautiful life body。This kind of thousands of downsizes at the end of the pen，At the same time, it can be traced along the cause to the aesthetic path of the large body，Freshly reflecting the connotation of the spirit of Chinese aesthetic education。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on Ming and Qing Leisure Aesthetic Thought" (22BZX120) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Master of Hangzhou Normal University Hongyi · Feng Zikai Research Center)