"Sound" and "Qi" are the two very important categories of Chinese classical poetry。Today's discussion "sound" and "qi" relationship，Following more is the theory of "seeking qi" proposed by the Tongcheng School，and why you can "ask for qi because of the sound", the language is unknown。Zeng Guofan said，"Yao Xiba's saying that poems should be performed from the sound，Taste the wind of Dali and Ming Qizi "(" Fu Wu Nangping ")，Indicate Yao Yan's theoretical origin is in "Ming Qizi"。Ming Dynasty Poetics，Li Mengyang once proposed "Love、Exploration、Research Si、察 qi "(" Lin Gong Poems ") with viewing people，Xie Zhen also has the saying of "reading families" ("Four Poems")，This can be regarded as the pioneering voice of the Qing people's "voices" theory。Mingren put forward such a proposal，It is because they believe that "qi" is a prerequisite generated by "sound"。"Sound due to qi" (Song Yan's "Ji Big Poetry Collection")、"Due to Qi to make a sound" (Xu Yanqing's "Talking Art Record")、"Sound in Qi" (Lin Zhaon "Poetry and Wave Talk") is a general cognition of Ming people's relationship with "sound" and "qi"。

"Qi" category has been formed as early as the pre -Qin period。There are two main connotations: one is the qi of heaven and earth in the origin of all things in the world，The ancients often referred to as "vitality" theory，Vitality circulates in the natural material world，Form the wind、Rain、Cloud、Fog、Water、Lu、Chao、The qi of the twilight; one is the qi and spiritual qi of human life。The two are one and two at the same time、The existence of two and one existence。Because people are a kind of "everything"，It is also formed by "vitality"，Sky、Di、People are also "one gas"，This so -called "one style" and "heaven Bet365 app download and man unite"。The theory of "Qi Cheng" of the Ming people mainly focuses on the above two "qi" theories。

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Chinese ancient people think，Universe changes from the movement of Qi，All things induced each other in the transportation of qi，This is also the "Simultaneous Correspondence，Seeking Qi Qi "。Zhong Yan is based here，Proposal "Animals of Qi，Story of things，Therefore, shaking sex，Shape Dance Yong "(" Poetry Preface ")，Liu Ye said "Spring and Autumn Preface，Yin and Yang Traveling，Moving the shape，Heart also shakes "(" Wenxin Eagle Dragon · Fit ")，The two of them explained the source of literature (including "sound") lies in the "heart interaction" of the author's qi and the qi of all things。Mingren based on this gasification popularity、Thoughts of all things，Further proposed: "The voice of people is in the world，Entry with the vitality，Judiya is also breathing in the same as Yuan and water。Therefore, the same sound and qi，Although all things are born、Tragedy Yin Yang、metabolism four o'clock，There will be nothing。"(Sun Zuo" Chang Xiaoxuan Ji ")" Sheng kills all things、Tragedy Yin Yang、Metabolism Four Osh "refers to the state of gasification and popularity between the world，Sun Zuo relied on "water" to depend on the dependence of "the voices of people" for "the vitality of the heaven and the earth"。

Li Dongyang further specifically defined the concept of the vitality of the heaven and earth into the impact of "sound of time" on "sound"。He said, "Moving the aircraft of the heaven and earth，Send as sound，Along with the ground at any time，Different differences，instead of invading each other。"" ("Huailu Tang Poetry") "People are in the gasification"，It is difficult to achieve the soil in the times。

　　Sound in the Qi of the person

Personal Qi includes four types: "breathing qi", "blood gas", "sexual qi" and "moral qi"。Where，"Qi of breathing" is the bet365 best casino games physiological basis generated by sound，"Blood Qi", "Sexual Qi", "Moral Qi" is from human age、temperament、Morality related。

From the perspective of "sound" and "breathing air"，Breathing qi Under the phase of various vocal organs，This is a natural mechanism formed by sound。For example，Wang Tingxiang said: "The sound of the human voice，Spit with Qi，So qi whispering，Symptoms from the palace，Self -recruitment，self -business and feather，self -feather and corner。"(" Lulu Lun · Five Yin ") as a well -known Leflia scholar in the Ming Dynasty，Wang Tingxiang is mainly from the palace、Business、Corner、Zheng、The perspective of Yu Wuyin's voice is eye -catching，Think that the five sounds have a fixed vocal organ: "Miyamoto throat，Business Ben Tongue，Kadben Tongue，Remark tongue tooth，Yu Ben Lip。"(" and Fan Yi Zai Du Lean ") breathing air to form specific five sounds through different vocal organs。Xie Zhen's "Four Poems" proposes "Qi and Long" and "The higher the Qi Ren", "Sound"，"qi pharynx is easy to do", "qi harvest", "sound suppression"，It is said that the different sound effects produced by the different forms of the air flow when the pronunciation organs are pronounced。

From "Sound" and "Blood Qi"，People of different ages are different from "blood gas" and the sound is different。Liu Ye once said that the rhythm was in the sound of human voice，"Sound containing palace merchants，Zhao Zi Blood Qi "。Lin Zhaon "Poetry and Wave Talk" detailed the voice of human beings from the childhood "qi and weak sound"，to the "qi and rigid sound" of the adults，Then to the change process of "qi failure" of the old age。

From "Sound" and "Sexual Qi",，Different styles of the sound of poetry are derived from the difference in congenital temperament that people adhering to。This is derived from Cao Yu’s "Qi of Qi and turbidity，Do not force it "(" Dian Division · Thesis ")。Song Yan followed up "Sound because of Qi，All with them "(" Lin Bigong Poetry bet365 live casino games Sequence ") view。He thinks，The writer's personal temperament "dignity", "handsome", "irritability", "harsh", "strict and gentle and elegant" are the sound of poetry "Code", "algae", "浮 浮" "Important reasons for style。Li Mengyang also thinks，The reason why the sound of poetry is "rigid and different" is "qi" ("Zhang Sheng Poems")。The "rigidity of the rigidity" here is roughly the same as the "turbidity of the turbidity" of Cao Yu，It refers to the author’s first weather quality endowment。

From "Sound" and "Moral Qi",，The sound effect of the final presence of the poem is also related to the "morality of morality" of the writer。This is derived from Mencius's "Haoran Qi" theory and Han Yu's "Qi Shengyi" theory。Li Dongyang said: "People have shapes and qi，Violence。Text，Those who Cheng Yongzhang also。Qi Chang and Big，then its Wenxiong Weiming (chàng)。"(" Liu Wen and the Public Sequence ") also quoted Li Chun's words:" Make it with it，Send it as a word，The text is a voice，All are full and more than。"(" Li Wenzhang Public Collection Preface ")" Qi Chang and Large "and" Qi Nourishment "refers to the author's spiritual temperament、"Qi" of moral cultivation，"Comparative" and "majesty" is the specific "sound gas" state presented by poetry in this moral "qi" action。

In the above four types of body，The third type comes from congenital，The third type comes from congenital，It is difficult to change，Only the last one depends on the practice and cultivation of the day after tomorrow，So the ancients particularly emphasized the importance of "nourishing qi" for poetry creation。Xie Zhenyan: "Since ancient times, poets raise qi，Each has the Lord。Inner，乎。"(" Four Poems ")" Inner，乎 外 外 means that the poet has externalized the inner moral character "qi" into the "sound of the sound" of the work。

　　Vitality, Yuan Sheng and "Man" and "Heaven"

Mingren also talk about the relationship between "sound" and "qi" from Bet365 lotto review the perspective of the unity of the qi of the person and the vitality of the heaven and earth，The poem that then proposes to be "human" is the saying of "the voice of the natural and earth" ("Teana")。Lin Zhaonn believes: "Those who come out of Qi and sound，Natural also。"" "There is no gas between the sky and the sky，And is my qi;，And my voice also。Fu Shiwen，The temperament of this is exquisite，To Xuanwu qi，The Voice of the Da I also，Therefore, Xuanwu Qi，Does it mean the natural spirit of heaven and earth? Da Wu's Voice，Does it say that the sound of natural and earth is natural? "(" Poetry and Wave Talk ") The so -called" Qiao "refers to holes、Cave，Li Mengyang said, "The sound of the tricks" ("Mingchun Collection")，He Jingming said, "Husband's Sound" ("The Book of Same on Li Kong")，The air passes through the hole、Caves can form sound，This is the physical basis formed by sound。Lin Zhaonn is homogeneous with "my gas" and "qi of heaven and earth"，"My Voice" and "Voice of Heaven and Earth" homogeneous，Proposal "Poetry" is "the voice of nature between heaven and earth"。This "nature" comes from the "sound" and "qi" homogeneous structure of "I" and "Heaven and Earth"，On the other hand, it comes from the natural "revealing" of "temperament implication"。

Tu Long and Wang Fuzhi referred to this kind of "natural voice" of temperament as "Yuan Sheng"。Tu Long said: "Create has vitality，There are also Yuansheng，Zhong is temperament，Chang is vomiting。"(" Poetry ") Wang Fuzhi believes，"Poetry" and "Le", "The Voice of the Heart" ("Jiang Zhai Poetry")。Deng Yunxiao said "Touching from the original and love，Pronounced from love "" True Poetry "of" Together with the Heaven "is:，and tips in heaven。Heaven，Zhenye。"(" Re -engraving the Empty Tong Syrian Syrian ")" Yan "and" Qiao "both emphasize the characteristics of the sound from the hole。In their opinion，Poetry is both "human" Bet365 app download and "Tianqiao (籁)"，Natural attributes with "innocence"。

　　From "Due to Qi" to "Seeking Qi because of the sound"

Xu Yanqing thought in depth of the origin of poetry，Proposed: "Due to emotion due to love，Due to Qi to make a sound，Draw words for voice，Determination of rhyme for words，The source of this poem。"" ("Tanyi Record") The aforementioned Zhong Rong "qi animal，Momes of things "with Xu Yanqing's concept of this theory，The complete process of constructing poetry can be constructed: qi (the vitality of the heaven and earth) → material → emotion → qi (personal qi) → voice → (sound) rhyme → poetry。In this process，"Qi" played two effects，The first is the "vitality" of the world as the origin of all things，The first is the "qi" of the author's subject。"Sound" also appeared twice，First is the natural "sound" from "love"，First, the specific "sound rhyme" that increases the role of manpower。Whether it is the "sound" of "nature"，Still artificial "sound rhyme"，All with "Teana" as the highest pursuit，and reflect the author's "love" and "qi"。When the author is chanting into a poem，"I can only take it to the grid，End of Qi to make up "(Wang Shizhen's" Selection of the Select of Shen Jia's Poems ")，Put your temperament temperament、Moral Spirit、The qi of life is infused into poetry works，It becomes the "sound of sound" of text。

"Sound" of the text，It is the momentum presented by the organic combination of various voice elements、Power。Different "Personal Qi"，Naturally, different words and sentences will be formed，Sentence -long short、Sound rhyme form (suppressing high、Leams of illness Xu、Pingzhang rhyme、Yin and Yang turbidity, etc.) The "sound of sound" attributes presented by Xu Xueyi also has the so -called "leisure", "sinking sound", "strong sound" ("poetic debate").。At the same time，The "sound of sound" of the text must be read through sound to experience，Readers bet365 best casino games appreciated the taste of the work of the work of the work of the work of the work of the author's qi and the qi of the text "(Xia Jing's" Enthusiasts of the Word of the Word ")。The "Seeking Qi" theory of Tongcheng School，The essence of its theory lies in this。From "due to Qi" to "sound" to "seeking qi"，Reflecting the literary activity process from creation to text to acceptance。Sort out this theoretical development context，Internal clues helping to reveal the development of the concept of poetry in the Ming and Qing dynasties，It has a more important value for in -depth understanding of the status of the theory of poetry and literary criticism of the Ming and Qing dynasties。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Yangzhou University)