Since the 17th century，Chinese literature to German writer Goethe、Schiller and others had an important impact。early 20th century，The German writer group once again set off "China Hot"，Acceptance of Chinese literature、Drawing and creating re -creation is a strong wind。German expressionist poet Klabund (Klabund， 1890-1928) Created a large number of works closely related to Chinese literature，Involved in poetry、Novel、Drama and other categories，Not only deeply affected the Heise、Blacht and other writers related to Chinese themes related to Chinese theme，It is even more for Chinese literature、Culture has made great contributions to the spread of the world。Clarinde exposed to the Chinese poem collection of Chinese poetry translated in different periods around 1915，Including German's "Tang Poems" (1862)、"Book of White Jade Poems" (1867)、Ferke's "Flower of Chinese Poems" (1899) and Haoze's "Chinese Poetry" (1908), etc.。These translations have greatly stimulated Clarin's interest in Chinese poetry，And prompt him to create three consecutive Chinese poems on the basis of German and French translations: "Sink Drum Drunk Gong" (1915)、"Li Tai Bai" (1916) and "Flower Ship" (1921)。In the process of translating Chinese poetry，Clarin not only strives to get close to the image and style of the original poem at the language and structural level，The essence of the ideological essence of Chinese poetry works as a good medicine for solving social problems and individual crises。

　bet365 best casino games Confusion of the era of Chinese poetry soul

Clarin's first Chinese poem collection "Drum Drunk Gong" was published in 1915，Its creative motivation originally originated from the writer's enthusiasm for the First World War。The European turn of Europe not only experiences social turmoil，More witnessed human alienation brought by accelerated industrialization。Like many German intellectuals at the time，Clarpo once hopes that the war can completely end the rule of William II，Bring a brand new、Vibrant Germany。bet365 best casino games So，He voluntarily registered for the army while he voluntarily registered，Poetry that is widely related to the theme of war。But，It is contact、In the process of adapting Chinese poetry，Clarinde fully realized the cruelty of the war，and since then from the warrior of the war to a peacetaler。

"Drum Drunk Gong" includes 30 adaptations from Li Bai、Du Fu、"Book of Songs"、Poems of Wang Changling and Qu Yuan，concentrated reflects the conflict view of Clarin in this period。On the one hand，Poetry concentration has many praise of war、Wo morale works，For example, "Song of Chinese Warriors"。The poem is adapted from "Qinfeng · No Yi" in the Book of Songs，It is an adaptation of Kradid based on the more faithful translation version of Schutraus。Compared with the original poem and translation，Although Clarin did not make major adjustments in content and structure，However, by replacing the image of "uniform" and vividly portraying the war scene in "Song of Chinese Warriors", a German literati's expectations and enthusiasm for "World War I"。The original work of the Book of Songs and the translation of Strauss through the first sentence of each paragraph indirectly highlight the intimacy of the soldiers、Scenes of the enemy's enemy。Kradide changed the first sentence of the paragraph to the expression of the tone of the warrior: "Soldier，You are my comrades "，Even more generous excitement。other，The morale of the original poem and the translated is only reflected in the scene of killing the enemy on the battlefield，Clarin derived in the three -stage poetry line describing the different aspects of military life，If you are lonely、Swordless eyes and war dead sand field。He adds a series of original creative phenomena，Such as "Bone Bone", "Moonlight Like Tobacco", "Ape Monkey Crying", etc.，Not only to beautify death to a certain extent，Donation of "donating to the country" as a lofty death，Heroes of it。On the other hand，Other poems in "Drum Drunk Gong" also reflect the tragic and cruelty of war from different dimensions。Poetry concentration has both the poem of the war that the soldiers complained with the tone of the soldiers，Such as "The Guard's Lyment", "Tired Soldiers", "The Bet365 lotto review Battle of Winter", "Curse of War", etc.，There is also a work of a woman's tone to tell the work of her husband's suffering from the aftermath of the army，Such as "parting", "White Rose and Red Rose", "Wife of Young Soldiers", etc.。

The first Chinese poem collection translated as Kradide，"Sinking Drum Drunk Gong" not only answered the confusion and confusion of the war at the theme level，It has basically established Clarpts' understanding and grasp of Chinese poetry at the language and structural level。He mentioned in the postscript of the collection of poetry: Chinese poetry language is refined、Moisture structure、Rich image、The picture is very strong。These characteristics have also been reflected in the two Chinese poetry concentrations in Crandide。other，The reason for the success of this poem can be briefly attributed to the following two points: First of all，Most poetry of poetry concentration refers to the translation of Sinologist Dechiwen (Fa) and Ferke (German)，Except for some additional deletion content，Clarin retains the rhyme of the original poem to a large extent; second，The writer mainly selected some Chinese poetry with strict Chinese poetry for adaptation，The longer verses have left a certain space for the translation，It is also convenient for Clarin to precisely presents the picture and image of war。

　　"Li Tai Bai":Taking China "Poetry" as a spiritual idol

In the second collection of poems "Li Tai Bai"，Clarin is no longer focused on the grand themes that are closely related to the external world，Inners to ask inward，Seek the eternity of Shixing on Li Bai, "Shi Xian"。"Li Tai Bai" contains 41 poems in Li Bai，Among them, the poems of 12 war themes are selected from "Drum Drunk Gong"。Although the image of Li Bai concentrated in this poem is far from the image of the real poet in history，But cannot cover up the writer's respect for Li Bai。Clarin not only caused Li Baizhan to have a genius poet with Gotebie's shoulder，The incarnation of Li Bai as the spiritual incarnation of Dyonosos，Visit it as a spiritual idol。

This collection of poems is in the opening of "Du Fu to Li Taibai"，End with "Eternal Poetry"，Concentrated reflects the glittering of youth，Only the theme of the eternal poetry。"Du Fu Bet365 app download to Li Taibai" is adapted from Du Fu's "Send Li Twelve Bai Twenty Rhyme"，A translated by Clarpts based on Gobeier's more free prose and poetry style。Getoy only puts the original poem at the beginning of the poem, "There were madmen in the past，Er 谪 Fairy。Stunning storm，Poetry Cheng Cheng Crying Ghost God "translated into French，left a larger creative space for Cladid，Makes his adaptation not only show strong personal characteristics，It can be comparable to the original Chinese work in literary value。Clarin's adaptation skills are similar to the first poem collection，He is "stunned and rainy，Poetry Chengcheng Crying Ghost God "Expand imagination，Added a series of new images，Such as "Sun", "Lightning", "Cracking Cloud", etc.，Describe Li Bai’s shocking talent，Describes Li Bai’s "Poetry Strip Like Tears、Pour down like a raindrop "。The arrangement of multiple images and a large number of short sentences，Clarin virtue of his accurate grasp of his characteristics of Chinese poetry reappears in Germany's spiritual charm，also made Li Bai’s genius image jump on paper。Similarly，The last "Eternal Poetry" is not only rich in images，Pursue more elegance、Aesthetic mood。Clarinde is good at using "bamboo sea", "beads -like dew", "citrus fragrance" and other images，and vividly describes the process of writing poetry as: "I sprinkle the poetry line on wet paper，Like plum blossoms falling in snow。"In addition to giving Shixing's lofty status，Drink、The state of intoxication is also a major theme that Clarpts focuses on this poem.，The related works are adapted from "Song of Sorrow"、Adapted from "Forever Drunk" of "Forever", etc.。It is also in the process of contacting these works，Cladid caused Li Bai to make Li Bai the image of an eternal drunk and a wanderer，Drinking drinking as an important way to achieve a harmonious and unity of humans and nature。The writer's first poem focuses on the strong attention and criticism of social reality，Drop a beautiful、Romance、Oriental World with poetry and wine，The tendency to treat China as a spiritual home is very obvious。

Overall，In the second collection of poems "Li Tai Bai"，Clarin further clarified the direction and style of adapting Bet365 app download Chinese poetry，More bold in creation。First，He changed the lengthy sentence in the translation to a short sentence，Compressed expression，Good metaphorical、Volume ratio、Repeat and other rhetoric methods，Don’t ask for words to accurately translate Chinese poetry，But I can reproduce the spiritual charm of Chinese poetry in terms of language style and literary value。Second，Clarinde has more chosen Geteer's legal translation in this poem as a reference，Compared with Deliwen and Furk，Getier's translation is more free in form and content，Incorporate many imaginations of the translator himself for China，This aspect makes Clarin's personal style be presented，On the other hand, his adaptation is far from the original poem content。Last，Cladid's customary classic image in poetry，such as "Yinyue", "Moonlight", "Jade Step", "Waterfall", etc.，It is both a continuation of the traditional imagery of the German romantic faction，A response to the Chinese style of the century again，Although there is a certain distance from the real China，However, to a certain extent, it continues to write and spread Chinese culture。

　　"Flower Boat": Mourning in my heart with Chinese poetry

After the first two Chinese poems have been successful，Clarin decided to get rid of the restraint of the translation of the German sinologist，Use more freedom、More "intuitive" adaptation of Chinese poetry。"Flower Boat" was originally made by Clarin to commemorate the dead wife，The beginning of "The Girlfriend of the Dead" and the last "Singing in the Wind" all pin his grief for his wife。So，This collection of poems is mostly based on the theme of love and beautiful female images。The love sang in the collection of poems is a highly idealized、Artistic bisexual love; most of the female images are described as "lotus", "swallow", "singer", "bird of tenderness", etc.，Features of gentleness、Features of gentleness。In addition to continuing the expressions of the first two poems、In addition to rich images，Clarin full of symbolic meaning in "Flower Boat"，Make the adapted poetry is extremely pictured。For example, the first section of "On the River"，The writer has outline the environment through a Bet365 app download few words，Again the atmosphere again: "A ebony ship and a jade flute。/a song。Spring。A beauty。/My heart blooms fiercely。The sky is blue/sea is also blue。"The first sentence selected from Zhuo Wenjun's" White Head ":" Snow on the mountains，Jiao Ruo Yun Jianyue "，Clarin did not follow the more faithful translation method of the original poem，Instead of deleting it,，Only the symbolic meaning of white only: "White like snow，White like the moon，One day we will also white head。"Compared with his adaptation version and original Chinese，In addition to "Snow", "Month", etc.，It is almost difficult to detect the connection between the two poems。This is not difficult to explain，Why do you have nearly half of the poetry in "Flower Boat" cannot determine the source of Chinese original poems。

"Flower Boat" not only marks Clarin's Chinese poetry to mature in form，I also witnessed the significant breakthrough of the writer from the translation of Chinese poetry to the original Chinese poetry。If Clarin's adaptation skills in the concentration of the first two poems are mainly reflected in the deletion of the content of the poem and the reshaping of the image，So in "Flower Boat", he rely on the poet's keen intuition and the in -depth understanding of Chinese poetry.。He completely got rid of the restrictions of the previous text，Breaking the grammatical rules of German，No more considering poetry rhythm; noun can be arranged directly without predicate，This can guarantee the refinement of the language，can repeat the vivid picture of the elephant。The interesting thing is，It is these seemingly unspoken poems that seem to be completely structured，Read it to mouth，Show the picture、Form and the Beauty of the Rhythm。So far，Clarinde has completely mastered the creative method of reproducing the essence of Chinese poetry by accurately grasping the language style，The pain of his mourning wife is also because of the ocean in "Flower Boat"、Smart and beautiful verses and get cure，The deep "low head" in the rolling poems is ultimately transformed into a ray of "green smoke" in the rolling poem。

In short，Whether it is the external form of Chinese poetry and inner thoughts, it has profoundly affected the literary practice bet365 live casino games of German writer Clarin。On the one hand，In the process of creating three collections of Chinese poetry，Clarin virtue gradually abandoned the dependence on the translation，Establishing unique techniques for adapting Chinese poetry，and in the German world made a huge contribution to the world nature and modernity of Chinese poetry。On the other hand，Three themes surrounded by the three Chinese poems (anti -war、Shixing、Love) Social problems with the era where Klaband is located is closely related to individual crisis，This is enough to prove，Chinese literature and even Chinese civilization have outstanding peace、Funity and inclusive features，Can be re -interpreted in different contexts、Explanation，It can continue to inspire world civilization and provide indispensable ideological resources for human beings to resist the modern spiritual crisis。

(Author Unit: College of Foreign Languages ​​of Tongji University)