Since the 20th century,Activities in the literary research community come from philosophy、Psychology、History、Sociology、Anthropology、Various theories in linguistics and other fields。The confrontation and debate among many theoretical theories will certainly help to open up the horizons of literary research,But it often makes many unsolved problems more complicated,It even makes some originally clear understandings no longer clear。The literary theories people have have never been so rich and diverse as now,But when explaining many seemingly familiar concepts and objects,But there have never been so many hesitations and disagreements。About what is "form",What is "structure",What is "narrative",Wait,There are different opinions,Unable to agree on one thing。Since there are more and more differences,It becomes increasingly difficult to reach consensus。No surprise,Eagleton's famous work "The Theory of Western bet365 sign up bonus code in the Twentieth Century" uses "What is bet365 sign up bonus code" as an introduction,But bet365 sign up bonus code has never been defined;Just like the opening chapter of Kahler's "Introduction to Literary Theory", a chapter is dedicated to discussing "what is bet365 sign up bonus code",But ended it hastily with "literary contradictions"。It can be seen from this,How to understand the fundamental nature and existence of bet365 sign up bonus code,It has become a question worth pondering。
The “value” and “meaning” of bet365 sign up bonus code
Eagleton has ruthlessly dismantled many definitions of bet365 sign up bonus code,But it is also those careful sorting and analysis,Only to eliminate differences、Seeking consensus provides the possibility,To highlight a certain enlightening "literary view": "It is any kind of work that people give high value to for some reason。”Similar to Eagleton’s careful maintenance of “value”,Kahler still sets "meaning" as the starting point when describing the function of bet365 sign up bonus code,Advocating that bet365 sign up bonus code "is a calling to read、Writing that introduces readers to questions about meaning”。
bet365 sign up bonus code is always closely related to specific "value" and "meaning",This is also the bottom line of concepts we should stick to today。Especially after experiencing the impact of the “end of bet365 sign up bonus code” theory at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century,We have witnessed that bet365 sign up bonus code still exists and develops to this day,There should be more reasons to believe that bet365 sign up bonus code is the carrier of value and meaning。Then,Where does this value and meaning come from,How to behave?Previous literary theories have many answers to this question。Focus on the work,Some commentators have argued that "structure" and "tension" are the inexhaustible source of value and meaning;Focus on readers,Some commentators believe that "aesthetic perception" and "expectation horizon" shape value and meaning;Look around the social background and cultural psychology,Some commentators emphasize that "production mechanism" and "prototype experience" produce value and meaning。
Each of these statements has a certain degree of rationality。But what the author wants to say more is: the value and significance of bet365 sign up bonus code cannot be supported or defended only theoretically,More waiting for writers to take action。Works are always created by writers first,Then read by readers,In the end, it is possible to trigger discussions and exchanges about value and meaning。From this perspective,Does bet365 sign up bonus code of an era have important value and significance,It depends on whether the writers of this era have the conscious pursuit of creating value and meaning。
Writer’s “bet365 sign up bonus code”
Current bet365 sign up bonus code should “use current literary language and literary form,Express the current thoughts of Chinese people、Emotions、Psychological bet365 sign up bonus code"。To make the expression more concise,We might as well call the writer’s behavior of consciously giving value and meaning to his works “narrative consciousness”。What needs to be noted is,Excellent works in the past have indeed proved that bet365 sign up bonus code has its irreplaceable value and significance,But this does not necessarily mean that current bet365 sign up bonus code has self-evident value and significance。In fact,A lot of profound things have happened in recent years、Moving and excellent works,But a few holes、Vulgar works also show that some writers have lost their narrative consciousness in the pan-entertainment atmosphere。The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China issued a message to the majority of literary and art workers to "adhere to the people-centered creative orientation,The call to launch more excellent works that enhance people’s spiritual strength”,It is hoped that writers in the new era will take the initiative and take responsibility consciously。
The stronger the writer’s narrative consciousness becomes,The value and meaning of the work will become clearer。Reviewing literary history,Forefathers have expressed this a lot。More than a thousand years ago,Liu Xie's description of the writer's "wandering between gods and objects" in "The Literary Mind and the Diaolong·Shensi",bet365 sign up bonus code still full of poetry and beauty when I read it: "Therefore, I am still and thoughtful,Thinking for a Thousand Years;Quietly moved,Seeing thousands of miles;Between chants,The sound of spitting out pearls;Before eyebrows,The color of the wind and clouds。”This is probably the ideal state where a writer can be comfortable。But he also noticed keenly,There may be a gap between the writer's intention and the creative effect: "It's almost finished,Half-hearted start。”Writers may have very broad plans in the creative process,But due to various reasons,The final effect is often not as expected。Lu Ji also said: "The mind is always troubled and cannot be weighed by things,The writing is not satisfactory。The difficulty of not knowing,It’s hard to do it。”We value the writer’s narrative consciousness,It’s not that they are required to achieve it overnight,But we hope that they will gradually become more proficient through continuous practice,Finally reached a comfortable artistic state。
A century and a half ago,Engels mentioned it when discussing screenwriting with Lassalle,"Greater depth of thought and awareness of historical content,The perfect blend with the vividness and richness of plot in Shakespeare’s plays”,Should become the pursuit of playwrights and the direction of future development of drama。Although the discussion here focuses on drama,But this method of outline and outline can also be extended to describe other literary creations。This is both a concise and lofty understanding of narrative consciousness,At the same time, he expresses the characteristics and mission of bet365 sign up bonus code so clearly。
Contemporary scholar Wu Fuhui、Wen Rumin and others in "Thirty Years of Modern Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code",Also reveals the great emphasis on narrative consciousness。They proposed,“Modern bet365 sign up bonus code” means “using modern literary language and literary forms,Express the thoughts of modern Chinese people、Emotions、Psychological bet365 sign up bonus code"。It’s not hard to see,The subject of this “expression” is modern Chinese writers。This expression may have a certain degree of idealization,But it still points out a reliable research path: if you want to truly grasp the characteristics of modern bet365 sign up bonus code,You can start by understanding the narrative consciousness of modern writers。Similar to this,To express our expectations for current bet365 sign up bonus code,We can also say: Current bet365 sign up bonus code should "use current literary language and literary form,Express the current thoughts of Chinese people、Emotions、Psychological bet365 sign up bonus code"。What needs additional explanation,We emphasize narrative consciousness,I do not deny the significance and value of lyricism and lyrical bet365 sign up bonus code,Just for the premise that "love" and "things" depend on each other,Highlighting the special significance of narrative consciousness。
The “sense of the moment” and “sense of form” in bet365 sign up bonus code
"The sense of the moment" demonstrates the contemporary nature and realistic concern of bet365 sign up bonus code,The “sense of form” shows the aesthetic characteristics and difficulty of bet365 sign up bonus code。Writers’ writing ideas are divided into fast and slow ones,As Liu Xie said,"Human talent,Late differential differentiation”。But in mature writers,We can always find that they all have valuable narrative consciousness。Narrative consciousness covers a wide range,The most prominent among them are the following two points: They not only have a full understanding of the situation of the times in which they live,Also has a unique understanding of the literary forms he uses。If the former is simply called "sense of the moment",The latter can be called "sense of form"。In this sense,The face and texture of current bet365 sign up bonus code,Mainly created by the writer’s “sense of the moment” and “sense of form”。
"The sense of the present" and the "sense of form" are not the commonly called relationship between content and form;They are all things that Engels said writers should be fully "aware of"。In terms of the focus of the two,The "sense of the moment" demonstrates the contemporary nature and realistic concern of bet365 sign up bonus code,The “sense of form” shows the aesthetic characteristics and difficulty of bet365 sign up bonus code。Both "sense of present" and "sense of form" have rich connotations。
The most basic connotation of "sense of the moment",It is to experience and express current life,It is to feel the call of bet365 sign up bonus code from the current situation。The popular expressions in the past such as "writers should go deep into life" and "bet365 sign up bonus code comes from life",Although it is rarely mentioned by young writers nowadays,In fact, it’s still not out of date。Another connotation of "sense of the moment",Thinking about the current situation。This requires writers to have an overall thinking about reality,Not only must we eagerly express the great practice of creating new life now,We must also look back affectionately at the great history created by the people。If a writer can persist in expressing the present moment,Consciously reflect on history,Must be able to transcend the limitations of a specific life background,Thus expressing existential concern of universal significance。
“Sense of form” also contains different levels of connotations。First,It refers to the writer’s clear understanding of the particularity of bet365 sign up bonus code as bet365 sign up bonus code。The reason why writers are different from historians、Journalist,Precisely because he always realizes that the current reality should be reflected in a literary way、Express your feelings。Excellent works can not only effectively reflect the vivid and vivid current reality,It can also effectively convey unique thinking on the relationship between bet365 sign up bonus code and reality。Secondly,The writer’s “sense of form” is also reflected in the inheritance and creation of literary genres in the creative process。Excellent writers always respect literary tradition,Dare to break the rules and conventions,Thus demonstrating the integrity and innovation of bet365 sign up bonus code。Finally,In the current media context,The threshold for literary creation and publication seems to be constantly lowering,The “disenchantment” of bet365 sign up bonus code is becoming an indisputable fact。Restore the original dignity of literary creation,It is imperative。The most important task,It is to "restore the charm" of bet365 sign up bonus code,Return literary works into carefully crafted language arts。In this situation,Persistence in bet365 sign up bonus code as language art,It can be said to be the lowest bottom line of "sense of form",It is also the highest mission。
(This article is a phased result bet365 sign up bonus code National Social Science Fund general project “Integrated Research on Contemporary Chinese ‘Novel Lecture Notes’” (19BZW119))
(bet365 sign up bonus code is a professor at the School of Liberal Arts, Fujian Normal University)
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