On ancient Chinese political philosophy，Scholars often like to summarize with "people"。Open the book、Magazine，It is not difficult to find the following discussion: "The problem of 'people's original" is the "meta problem" of Chinese political science theory，It is the top priority to consider when the early national machine is created by Chinese machine。"Other scholars questioned the people's doubts，Mr. Liu Zehua proposed the "Yin and Yang Combination Structure"，It is believed that in the proposition of the combination of the yin and yang combination of the monarch and the people，Junben and the people dependence on each other，When it comes to Jun Ben, you must talk about the people; the same，When it comes to the people, it is inseparable from the monarch，But the main position of Junben cannot be changed。We think，The mother question of ancient Chinese politics is not the people，but the "democracy" theory of "democracy" as three generations of ideology，"Tianwei Shi Shi Democracy" ("Shang Shu · Duofang")。Just，This "democracy" says that contains the masters of the people and the masters of the people，The two are linked to each other and each has its own focus，The former highlights the people、Teach the people，The latter emphasizes the protection of the people、Raising the people; the former is mainly Jun Ben，The latter contains the people，The people of the later generations are actually differentiated from the theory of "democracy"。

The word "democracy" appears in the beginning of the week，But the concept it reflects is very early，It should appear with the emergence of the central kingship。We know，Xia Dai used to be the era of the State Alliance，Yao Shun is the leader of the world，It has limited dominance to the state，It is not a real "democracy"。It was only a unified central king's right after Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties，The King of Three Generations becomes a veritable world.，Display the monarch of the State Kingdom、Power bet365 Play online games of control or even killing and killing，But the latter has not yet established a direct affiliated relationship with the king，It has relative independence。According to "Big Dai Rites · Five Emperor"，Confucius once called Yu "the Lord of God，For the parents of the people "。"God Lord"，That is, the gods depend on the sacrifice，Represents the power of divine rights or witch; "for the parents of the people" means teaching the people、Responsibilities and obligations of raising the people，Represents the rule of governance or king。In short，Dayu has both divine rights，Master the right to govern，It is a world of communication、Rules who support the people，That is "democracy"。

Tsinghua Jane's "Hou Father" was announced，The main purpose of the ideology causes heated discussion。Some scholars believe that "Hou Father" mainly reflects the ancient people's "，and push the birth of the people to the summer and business period。Another scholar thinks，"Hou Father" and "Shang Shu" and Confucianism are very different，"There is an important difference between its understanding of the" Baomin "thought that the" Baomin "repeatedly emphasized in the" Yu Xianshu "and" Zhou Shu ""。Actually，"Hou Father" is not reflected in the theory of "people"，but the theory of "democracy"。"Hou Father" records the dialogue between a king and the descendants of the Xia people。Scholars think，This king is King Zhou Wu。About Hou Father，Some scholars speculate that it may be the king of the country。Gai Zhou people get destiny、After becoming "democracy"，The descendants of the Xia people Yu Qi，The descendants of Feng Yin people in Song，Compatible politics at the same time、Open attitude，Active summary、Drawing on the Xiaren、Yin people’s ruling strategy and political experience。Wu Wang Q: Xia Yu Pingzhi Flood，Establish a Xia Dynasty，But after the summer, the king lost the country，Is it because of its violation of the tradition of the king? If you can keep the lesson of the pioneer，Will it always enjoy destiny? This，Hou Father answered: Gu Tian drops people，Let Wanbang，The King of Zuo，Master of the Writer，Only said that it helps Bet365 lotto review God to chaos the people。(Note: to) 慝 Wang Nai to curb his life，Ephesian Penalties of King Kings Kings，Undverted Juede，Shen Yan Yu Fei Yi，Tian Naiforuo (Note: forgive)，Nai Dian Jue，Nangjuebang。

Hou Father thinks，Sky Establishment Jun、Division is to help them govern the people，The means of governance are punishment first。Nathematics，It is due to the "King of King" because of Xia Xun's flow，Violation of God's command，Give up the punishment of King Kong Jiajia，Shen Yan in "Non -Yi"，that is, inconsistent the law of rituals，As a result, it will not be forgiven。Lost the country of summer，Not losing morality，and lies in the discussion。This is a typical governing the people、Teach the people，Reflected the summer people、Yin people's thoughts，different thoughts from Zhou people。

Zhou's political thought is "democracy"，But in terms of the attitude towards the people、There are certain differences in Yin people。Hou Father believes that governing the people must use the criminal law，Yin people believe that "what I want from the people，Then cause the country to chaos "(" Shang Shu · Hong Fan "Kong Yingda Shu，Zhou people proposed "what people want，Tian must follow it "，This is a major change to the attitude towards the people。If summer、Yin’s "democracy" emphasizes the teaching people、Governing the people，The "democracy" of Zhou people attaches more importance to protecting the people、Raising the people。but but，Zhou people have proposed the political claims of "Jingde and protecting the people" and "Mingde Shen"，and "Tianshi Self -People's Television，Tian Lisin Self -listening "such shining ideological propositions，But these claims and propositions that have the colorful people，Still belonging to the "democracy" theory，Is an integral part of the latter。So，We can say，Zhou people have the sprouts and concepts of the people，But there is no complete and independent civilian doctrine。Zhou's political philosophy is still "democracy"，"Democracy" is fundamentally a kingben，The value concept of the Zhou people's book is mixed with the actual pursuit of Junben，Basic content that constitutes the theory of "democracy"。

By the Spring and Autumn Bet365 lotto review Period，With the improvement of the status of Chinese people，and it plays a certain role and influence in the political field，Men's thoughts have been further developed。"Zuo Zhuan · Gong Gong Six Years" records: Sui Liang said "husband and people，The Lord of God also，It is the first to become the people with the saint king and then committed to God "。"Fumin，The Lord of God also "is" Fujun，The Lord of God "Anti -proposition。Because the legitimacy of ancient politics comes from Destiny、Divine Terminal，Therefore "Fujun，The Lord of God "is destiny、The form of divine power affirmed Jun Ben。and Ji Liang "Fumin，The Lord of God "reverses the traditional understanding，Think that the people are the real main sacrifice，Not a sacrifice provided by the monarch，but the well -being of the public、Dexing，can get God’s blessing，This obviously has the nature of the people。According to "Zuo Zhuan · Wen Gong Thirteen Years"，邾 邾 迁，Divination results appear "conducive to the people but not conducive to the monarch"，Named: "Gou is good for the people，Lonely Blood also。Jun Jun who is born with the people，Eli also。People are both profitable，Lonely and。"When the interests of the monarch conflict with the interests of the people，邾 Wen Gong still chose the latter，It is believed that the interests of the monarch are the interests of the people，Since the public gets Li Li，The monarch is naturally beneficial，This is of course a kind of people's thinking。邾，Obviously "the monarch of the natural people and the tree，Eli also related beliefs "，Is the Zhou Renbaomin、Further inheritance and development that raises the people。

but but，Spring and Autumn Period，Although the people's ideas have been developed a certain development，But in reality, it is still based on the monarch，Therefore, more thinkers at that time tried to coordinate with the people with the monarch、Unified。"Zuo Zhuan · Xianggong Fourteen Years", the recorder Kuang said to Jin Mourning Gong: "The monarch of being born with the people，Make Si Muzhi，Do not make sexuality。"Shi Kuang believes，"The Jun of the People and the Lord"，Responsibilities bet365 best casino games are "Si Muzhi"，Different from the "Eli"，What emphasizes the teaching people、Governing the people，Not the Baomin、Raising the people，Mainly inherited the thought of "Hou Father"。but but，Shi Kuang lived in the spring and autumn era where the thought of the people's original thinking developed，Do not consider the problem of restraining the monarchy，This way he tried to focus on the people's original restrictions，"The love of the people is very good，How does it make a person go to the people，To obscene from it，Discarding the nature of heaven and earth? "矣 矣 矣 矣。Because the sky loves the people，Therefore, the monarch will not be allowed to be above the people，indulge in lust。This is different from the idea of ​​Junben, who was the previous article，With a clear folk color，What is prominent is Baomin、Raising the people，instead of teaching people、Governing the people。

In the same paragraph，Shi Kuang will be "the monarch of being born with the people，Make Si Muzhi "and" The Love of the Heaven ", respectively, have the monarchy、The propositions of the tendency of the people are connected，Reflects its ideological reconciliation、Features of Fold。This situation occurs，Mainly because the people are born in the theory of "democracy"，It is developed from the latter，Therefore, it is often entangled with Jun Ben。Many people talk about the people instead of the Tao，Promoting the civilian version under the premise of the monarch，The people cannot rise to the highest value of the country、Political Principles，Even if there are some flashing people's ideas and measures，It is impossible to break through the real reality.。This is actually two books，Politics is Junben，It is the people in the rule，but cannot really do one book — the people -oriented。If you want to break through the restraint of "democracy"，Really achieve people -oriented，It is necessary to move from power and private to power public，From the "Gao Divine" to "Grand Power Professor"。Confucianists during the Warring States Period have realized this to some extent，"Book of Rites · Rites" cloud: "Avenue of the Avenue also，The world is the public，Choose Xian and Bet365 app download Neng，Talking about Xiu Mu ... is Datong。"" The World is the Gong "，That is, "The world of the world is not one person also，The World of the World "(" Lu's Spring and Autumn, Meng Chunji · Guigong ")，Refers to power public。To realize power public，You need to "choose sage and energy"，Pull out the most talented candidates，Manage the world for the people，This is the world of ideals。Although there is a king in Datong society、Youmin，But its relationship is different from the private world of power and private。

After the Rites，Mencius take Yao Shun Zen as an example，Explain that the private ownership of Tianzi is not the heavens，but belonging to the people of the world。Shun Zhida can be said to be: "Heaven，People。Therefore: The emperor cannot use the world with people。"(" Mencius Wanzhang ") The position of the emperor of Shun is from heaven，It is also awarded by the public。Here here，God is form，The will of the public、Will is the highest purpose。Mencius believes that "the emperor cannot use the world with people"，Instead, it should be recognized by heaven and the public，"This distinction inner meaning，It is affirming that the world's uncle's personal world，but the world of people of the world or the people of the world "。Therefore, in Mencius's view，Tianzi is just a manager entrusted by "Tian" and "Min"，Only management、Administrative power，instead of ownership of the world。It is in this sense，Mencius proposed "people are expensive，Social Secretary，Jun is light "(" Under the Heart ") of the well -known civilian declaration。

To sum up，The mainstream ideology of the three generations is the theory of "democracy"，It contains the two aspects of the Lord of the Citizen and the Lord for the People，and present the emphasis from the emphasis on the people、Governing the people to pay attention to the people、Changes in raising the people。Spring and Autumn to drop，The development of "democracy" thought and evolution actually exists in three ideological clues: First, highlighting the people's ideas contained in the theory of ancient "democracy"，from "democracy" and the people，Da Wengong in the Spring and Autumn Period、"Rites" during bet365 live casino games the Warring States Period、Mencius representative，And Huang Zongxi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties，Under the modern democracy (democracy)，It constitutes the "democracy" -the ideas of democracy。The second clue is the monarch in the "democracy" theory、Fusion of the people's copy，Affirmation of the monarchy、The reasonableness of teaching the people，Requires it to protect the people、Raising the people，Take care of the interests of the people。This route is in the Spring and Autumn Period Teacher Kuang、Xunzi of the Warring States Period is represented，Qin and Han dynasties will be the world in the future，Become the dominant idea of ​​the 2,000 -year -old imperial system。The third clue is to inherit the theory of "democracy" theory.，Development into Jun Jun Pin Musta、The thought of Chongjun Weakin，Fully reflected in the thinking of the Frenchman and the political practice of later generations。The above three ideas are derived from the theory of "democracy" in ancient times，It is developed from the latter，"Democracy" said that it is the mother question of ancient political thought，Clarify the specific connotation and development of "democracy"，can we make comprehensive Chinese political thought、Accurate grasp。

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