The theory of bet365 voucher syntax originated in the Southern Dynasties，People at that time were inspired by Buddhist scriptures and Sanskrit，Start to pay attention to the rhythm of bet365 voucher，Shen Yue、Liu Xiecongshenglu、In terms of duality, some principled requirements are put forward for syntax。Early Tang Dynasty，On the one hand，People are in Shen、Liu and others continue to move forward based on this，around the rhyme、Further improvements on patients and couples，Made modern bet365 voucher gradually become finalized；On the other hand，In the later period of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, he added scriptures and essays on the basis of experimental strategies，Opened the trend of recruiting scholars through bet365 voucher，The bet365 voucher genre for the Jinshi examination is rhymed bet365 voucher，This requires scholars to abide by certain rhythm regulations。Under such social atmosphere，A large number of poetic works came into being，Become a guide book for the imperial examination。Up to the Song Dynasty，The carrier of bet365 voucher syntax theory has new developments based on previous generations。First, Tang bet365 voucher provided Song people with a lot of creative experience，The development of folk bet365 voucher societies、The rising demand for bet365 voucher learning，Provides a broad space for the popularity of bet365 voucher。Secondly, the literary and artistic life of the Song people was rich，The custom of commenting on bet365 voucher at banquets and gatherings，It directly gave birth to the bet365 voucher talk of "Yizi Chat" ("June 1 bet365 voucher Talk")，One of the main tasks of bet365 voucher talk is to "distinguish syntax" ("Yanzhou bet365 voucher Talk")。Third, the bet365 voucher club’s bet365 voucher review activities are always accompanied by comments，In some selections、Don’t focus，There are also those that combine notes and comments，It also contains the pursuit of "law"。

　　bet365 voucher

The bet365 voucher style of the early Tang Dynasty was mainly based on rhythm、Patients are the core of the discussion，In the late Tang and Five Dynasties，Under the influence of Jiaoran's "Poetic Style"，The scope of discussion of poetic patterns has further expanded to other areas of poetics，Such as "object image", "potential", etc.，These can all be included in the "syntax" level。The bet365 voucher styles of the Song Dynasty are inherited from the bet365 voucher styles of the Tang and Five Dynasties，There are also new changes。

First，The bet365 voucher style of the Song Dynasty continued the bet365 voucher style of the Tang and Five Dynasties on the sick prisoners、Concern about duality and other issues，However, some bet365 voucher works that pretend to be based on previous generations are mostly copies of bet365 voucher patterns from previous generations，Patchwork，Nothing new。For example，The old title of Emperor Wen of Wei's "bet365 voucher" lists "sentence examples", "counter examples", "eight pairs", "eight diseases", "no examples at the beginning and the end" and "no examples at all"，Both found in "Bi Zha Hualiang" and "Wen Bi Shi"。Zairu，The "bet365 voucher Review" by Guilin monk Jing Chun listed "Dang sentence counter pattern", "Dang word counter pattern", "False color counter pattern", "False number counter pattern", "Alternate sentence counter pattern", etc.，Also a cliché。should say，Most of these poetic works that copied the theories of the Tang Dynasty were produced in the early Song Dynasty，Can be regarded as the remnant of the Tang and Five Dynasties bet365 voucher。

Secondly，Although there are many styles of poems in the Song Dynasty that are inherited，But not without development，As people delve deeper into syntax，The focus of bet365 voucher is no longer limited to prisoners、Dual，But it is further expanded to the sentence structure、Sentence meaning and other aspects。For example，Huihong's "Tianchu Forbidden" lists "intricate syntax"，Also quoted from Du Fu's "Qiuxing" "Red rice pecks at the remaining parrot grains"，Bi Wu Qi Old Phoenix Branch"、Wang Anshi's "Traveling with Uncle He to Qi'an in the fifth month of Renxu" "Sparkling into white snow and heavy green mulberry trees"，Cut away the yellow clouds and the rice will become green”、Zheng Gu's "Odd Titles of Ci'en Temple" "Listening to Sutras in the Forest and the Green Garden in Autumn"，The Sunset Monk sweeping leaves by the river as an example，Think of "three intricate things"，A good summary is not an article”。It can be seen from this，“Intricate syntax” is actually an inversion，Belongs to word order or sentence structure level。Zairu，"Yinglue syntax" is similar to the "Xiangwai sentence" mentioned in Huihong's "Lengzhai Night Talk"，The latter "compares things with ideas，Not referring to a thing” “The beauty lies in describing its use without naming its name”。Qiyan，"Shadow syntax" talks about how to express meaning，Involving image relationships，It is no longer covered by simple verse construction methods。

Finally，The bet365 voucher style of the Song Dynasty also drew on some poetic theories at that time，Convert it into a specific syntax format。For example，Huihong’s "Heavenly Kitchen Forbidden Pregnancy" lists "the method of seizing the fetus" and "the method of changing the bone"。"Seizing the fetus" and "changing the bone" are familiar poetic theories of the Jiangxi School of bet365 voucher，This is a poetic concept proposed by Huang Tingjian，In short，That is, the poems of previous generations are used as materials，“Self-made new words”，Rewriting the bet365 voucher of previous generations。Strictly speaking，"Seizing a fetus" and "reshaping a bone" should be regarded as the guiding ideology of bet365 voucher creation，They belong to two different levels than the "ge" and "method" discussed in bet365 voucher in the general sense，After all, the latter are mostly designed for beginners or candidates，More specific、Inferior writing techniques，Stronger operability。But Huihong transformed the abstract poetic concepts of "seizing the fetus" and "reshaping the bone" into a pattern，Not to mention whether the poem examples cited are accurate and appropriate，Is the explanation clear and clear，At least in terms of the requirements for formulating bet365 voucher styles, it is a new change and breakthrough。

　　bet365 voucher

bet365 voucher emerged and became popular in the Song Dynasty，It is one of the distinctive forms of literary criticism in ancient China。Compared to bet365 voucher，bet365 voucher has obvious advantages in both content and form。In terms of content，bet365 voucher talk includes both "discussing bet365 voucher and Ci"，Analysis of the poet's poems，There are also those who "discuss bet365 voucher and affairs"，Describe the poet's bet365 voucher，Compared with bet365 voucher styles, we only focus on the standard style of bet365 voucher，Apparently more widespread；In terms of form，bet365 voucher talks were originally records of literati’s comments on poems and articles during banquets and gatherings，The style of writing is relaxed and lively，Nearly notes，Some poems are even compiled from notes。In comparison，The style of the poem seems a bit rigid，Most of them show the pattern of "number + items (of poems)"，For example, "eight pairs", "eight diseases", "poems have nine patterns", "poems have three virtues", etc.。And these advantages of bet365 voucher，Make it popular after its creation，Great impact on the living space of bet365 voucher。Of course，Poetic style was not extinct in the Song Dynasty，On the one hand，It is still popular in society in the name of "poetic style", "poetic style" and "poetic method" (including fake works based on predecessors)；On the other hand，It penetrates into bet365 voucher，For example, "Canglang bet365 voucher Talk" has "There are five methods of bet365 voucher", "There are nine qualities of bet365 voucher", etc.，It can be seen from the naming of these entries，Shihua does retain traces of poetic style。

In addition to absorbing the style of bet365 voucher，The biggest similarity with bet365 voucher is the focus on syntax，As Xu Wei said in "Yanzhou bet365 voucher Talk": "Those who talk about bet365 voucher，Distinguish syntax，Preparing the past and present，Ji Shengde，Recording strange things，True or false。”

一，"Discussing bet365 voucher and ci" is most easily associated with "discriminating syntax"，The focus of this type of bet365 voucher lies in the works，Often on the rhythm of bet365 voucher、Dual、Creation、Study and analyze sentence patterns and other artistic techniques，But the discussion of "syntax" is relatively fragmented。There were many poems in the Song Dynasty that often included juicy sentences，Post an impressionistic comment，Essentially it’s a kind of appreciation，Not "theory"。Strictly speaking，Only certain bet365 voucher rules or specifications can be summarized or extracted from specific works，It can be called a syntactic theory。

二，If it is due to system limitations，Most of the discussions on "syntax" in bet365 voucher talks are relatively fragmented，Then a comprehensive collection of bet365 voucher that appeared after the end of the Northern Song Dynasty，makes up for this shortcoming to a certain extent。People at that time began to comprehensively compile the poems of previous generations，Collect and organize comments from various experts，And coordinate it in a certain way，There may be some who specially set up a "syntax" door。For example，Volume 20 of Ruan Yue's "Shihua Zonggui" has a "Syntax Gate"，Although only 6 related documents have been compiled，But this has shown that "syntax" is a key topic discussed in bet365 voucher。It is worth mentioning Wei Qingzhi's "Poet's Jade Chips"，Compared with "Shihua Zonggui"，The literature collected in this book is more abundant。Volume 3 of "Poet Jade Chip" has "Syntax" and "Tang Dynasty Syntax" sections，The former involves sentence patterns、Image relationship、Rhythm、Style、Sentence meaning、Use words, etc.；The latter sets up specific entries based on different syntactic levels。However，Although "Poet Jade Chip" lists a large number of "syntax" entries，Attach necessary notes to explain，But the definition of the extension of "syntax" is still vague。

　Third，"Lao Du's syntax" is the core topic discussed in Song bet365 voucher，Many syntactic theories are proposed based on Du's poems。Song people valued learning、The tendency to emphasize bet365 voucher，Making Du Shi’s “law-based” bet365 voucher a recognized model，In particular, Huang Tingjian advocated using "Lao Du's syntax" as the way to learn bet365 voucher，And relying on the momentum of Jiangxi bet365 voucher School，Making Du's bet365 voucher syntax a recognized creative norm among Song people，There are endless related discussions。Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" contains 9 volumes of bet365 voucher and literature about Du Fu，Ranked first among all selected poets，Tie with Su Shi for first place，There are many discussions about "Lao Du's syntax" in these bet365 voucher documents。Also，Out of respect for Du Fu，Song people often attribute the founder of certain syntax to Du Fu。

　　Comments

Commentary is one of the unique forms of ancient Chinese literary criticism，Contains two parts: "comment" and "point": the objects of "comment" are rich and diverse，From bet365 voucher、Word、qu、Endowment、Wen Dao Novel，covers almost all literary styles；And "point" marks the object of "comment"，That is, at critical points in literary works，Use the pen to circle and draw，As a reminder。Comments on the syntactic theory of bet365 voucher in the Song Dynasty，Mainly have the following characteristics。

First, it is similar to bet365 voucher，The discussion on syntax in the comments is also fragmented，But because the review focuses on one poem，Therefore, compared with the poems and poems that can be easily picked up and commented on，Looks more concentrated in a way。Generally speaking，The discussion of "syntax" in bet365 voucher criticism is mainly found in the Jiubi and the tail batch。Look at the batch first，For example, Liu Chenweng's "Selected Notes on Du Gongbu's Poems in Xuxi" commented on "Linyi Shidi's Letter to the Bitter Rain, the Flooding of the Yellow River and the Flooding of the Embankments, the Book Leader's Worry, So He Sent This bet365 voucher with a Broader Meaning" "Er Yi Ji Wind and Rain，A hundred grains leak out and the waves wave" sentence，Annotate directly on the right side: "Everyone counts"，Good missing words。”Here are the words to talk about。Sometimes also seen in the last batch，The reviewer summarizes at the end of a poem，Talk about syntax by excerpting sentences or noting a certain sentence in other ways，Ru Fang Hui's "Yingkui Lü Xu" Volume 1 "Denglan Class" comments on Li Qunyu's "Dengcheng Two Rocks Behind Puguan Temple"，Concentrate mainly on the confrontation between jaws and couplets，Praising "Yao Shi's Lee" and "Yu Riliang" for their skillful workmanship。However，Different from Liu Chenweng’s impressionistic comments in a few words，Fang Hui continued to express his opinions on the topic of "work versus"，Think that the battle should not be too clever，Otherwise, it will be classified as "Kun Ti"，If the operator is like Du Fu and is good at all kinds of things，Be able to change freely in battle，It is "the good one"。Visible，Fang Hui’s comments，It’s not “discussing bet365 voucher based on bet365 voucher”，But from a specific poetic example to other similar phenomena，Summary of the universal rules and laws of creation，And that includes "syntax"。

Second, most of the comments are made casually、"Xing" starts and "Comments" arrives，Rare summary of universal laws，But there are exceptions，Ru Fang Hui's "Yingkui Lvsui"。Fang returns to the past，Zhou Bi once used "the virtual reality of the situation" as the starting point，Grade the combination of scenes (virtual and real) in couplets in verses，With "Four Realities" as the first grid。But Zhou’s theory takes the two couplets as the object of investigation，Strictly speaking, it should be included in the rules and regulations。Same，Fang Hui’s "Ying Kui Lü Sui" also talks about the reality and reality of the situation，But he made "improvements" on the basis of Zhou Bi，Dissatisfied with Zhou Bi’s statement that he used false and true to decompose the two couplets in the verses。First，He thinks，Four Realities、Sixu、The virtual and the real before and after cannot cover the verses and couplets、All ways to make neck joints，And "there is no fixed law"，Big ideas can often change freely。Secondly，Zhou Bi’s situation is based on the couplets in the verses，Fang Hui narrowed the scope to the upper and lower sentences in a couplet。Finally，Zhou Bi regards "Four Realities" as the highest quality，Focus on focusing your emotions on the scenery，Even the "Four Virtual Realities" use virtual reality as reality，Objection to writing all about feelings without focusing on objects；Fang Hui criticized this，Claims "There is a lot of money"，Different changes”，And set up a special "variation" in "Ying Kui Lv Sui"，Mark "One sentence of love and one sentence of scene"，Thinking that love is empty，So light，The scene is the reality，Guchong，Counterweight with lightness，That’s “variation”。Volume 26 of "Ying Kui Lv Sui" talks about "variations"，Most of them talk about situations，Take more of Du Fu、Huang Tingjian、Chen Shidao、Chen Yuyi’s Four Poems as an Example。Of course，This "variation" is not common，But at least it shows that Fang Hui noticed this "sentence-making method" of rhymed bet365 voucher，And select related poems，Put together，Parse it。Compared to the classification criteria based on subject matter and content (such as "listing category", "provincial category", "nostalgia category", "custom category", etc.)，The comment of "variant type" obviously better reflects the syntactic thoughts of the commentator。

Overall view，No matter the poem style、bet365 voucher or comments，The discussions on syntax are relatively fragmented，This is consistent with ancient Chinese literary criticism’s emphasis on intuitive perception、The thinking characteristics of light logical analysis are inseparable。It’s worth noting，The carriers of the above three syntactic theories have one outstanding commonality，That is, using the method of excerpt criticism。And we say，Syntactic theory takes "sentence" as the object of investigation，Therefore, excerpt criticism is undoubtedly the most typical means of expression。

　　(The author is a doctoral candidate bet365 voucher Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University)