Since the 20th century，Young bet365 coupon code has always been the focus of ongoing debate in academic circles at home and abroad，One of the main venues for theoretical confrontation is the "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts" (hereinafter referred to as the "1844 Manuscripts")。With the advancement of text collation and research，The "Paris Notes" written at the same time appears in our field of vision，The two together constitute the Paris text group of the young bet365 coupon code。

Why does bet365 coupon code text group cause so much controversy？From the perspective of intellectual history，Young Marx’s thoughts at bet365 coupon code time were in a state of intense change，Hegel’s philosophy、Feuerbach Humanism、Political Economy、Many sources of thought, such as the history of Enlightenment, are separate in Marx’s mind，Want to clarify in a short time、Understanding，Even abandon these important ideas，It is undoubtedly difficult for a young man who is only 26 years old，So at bet365 coupon code time, there was a phenomenon of "two logics" coexisting in Marx's mind。From the text，The Paris Text Group was discovered only after Marx’s death，Even Engels did not know the existence of bet365 coupon code text，So there are different opinions on the writing relationship between "Paris Notes" and "1844 Manuscripts"，Different interpretations represent different research paradigms and focuses of researchers，It also leads to different understandings of the ideological trends of young Marx。From a historical perspective，The interpretation of the text lies in more than itself，The positioning of the Young Marx’s Paris text group also involves different ideological disputes，The legitimacy of Marx’s thought and historical materialism was highlighted in bet365 coupon code debate。

Without a doubt，Theoretical confrontation will promote the elaboration and construction of ideas，Many international scholars still regard bet365 coupon code text as a standard，The source of ideas that explores infinity，Constructed an endless stream of original ideas。Failure to explain the question of "where it comes from"，It is difficult to solve the problem of "where to go"，bet365 coupon code is exactly the significance of our current textual interpretation of bet365 coupon code text。I think，The alienation construction of labor is the core of our current interpretation of bet365 coupon code text，It is related to the division of the sources of young Marx’s thoughts，It also contains the context of Marx’s economic thinking in his later years，Constitutes a key node in the transformation of Marx’s thought。

In my opinion，The young Marx had a complete research plan in "Paris Notes": First, from Say to Smith，Back to List’s economic research，bet365 coupon code is a continuation of the study of private property after "Kreuznach's Notes"；The second is "Summary of James Mill's "Principles of Political Economy"" (hereinafter referred to as "Mill's Notes")，The concept of "labor for a living" reflects Marx's thinking on economics；The third is "Excerpts from Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit""。Although bet365 coupon code excerpt is only a few manuscript pages，But it contains the main sources of Marx’s methodology at bet365 coupon code time in the form of word-for-word excerpts。Judging from Marx’s habit of extracting notes from his life，He rarely does note excerpting and writing books at the same time，Instead, focus on studying excerpts before thinking originally，So the writing sequence that is closer to reality should be to finish writing the "Paris Notes" before starting the creation of the "1844 Manuscript"，Instead of writing both at the same time。When Marx was writing the "1844 Manuscripts"，The completed "Paris Notes" is probably in his hands。bet365 coupon code explains why the order of the two when referring to some economists' works is similar。In bet365 coupon code way，The order in which the "1844 Manuscript" itself was written is readily apparent。In the national economics represented by Smith，There are three core parts: (1) Salary；(2)Profit；(3)Ground rent。When we combine these three with the main body，You can draw three personification results: (1) Workers (laborers)；(2) Capitalist；(3) Landlord。bet365 coupon code is also the direct source of column I of Notebook Ⅰ of Marx's "1844 Manuscripts"。But，Why does the writing in these three columns change？Because workers and wages are obliterated as the cost of capital，Becomes a completely non-subjectified physical object。Subsequently，Ground rent is actually converted into capital，The development from real estate to movable property is actually land rent under capital relations。Anyway，The changes in Marx’s creation are not rootless trees，It changes with the changes in the research and criticism objects of classical economics，The final destination is capital, that is, private property，And it is private property in modern bourgeois society。

After basically sorting out the relationship between text writing，Let us analyze in detail the connotation of the young Marx’s construction of labor alienation。Actually，The concept used by Marx in the text is "alienated labor"，But why did I name it "Labor Alienation Construction"？If the alienated labor theory only refers to the fourfold alienated labor in Notebook I of the "1844 Manuscript" in a narrow sense，So the alienation construction of labor provides a broad perspective on Marx’s methodology based on alienation，It doesn’t just exist in the 1844 Manuscript Notebook I，Not limited to the Paris period of the young Marx，The criticism of scientific alienation even continued into Marx’s late economic research。In the article "On the Jewish Question"，Marx believed that money is created by people for exchange，But in reality he became the God of the secular world，Preliminarily expressed a view of economic alienation。But since Marx had not yet conducted systematic economic research at bet365 coupon code time，But more influenced by Hess，Does not combine alienation theory with labor，So I think the alienation theory at bet365 coupon code time does not constitute a construction of labor alienation。And in "Muller's Notes" in "Paris Notes"，The proposal of communication alienation theory represents the emergence of "labor alienation construction I"，The theoretical basis is "need" (Bedürfnis)，That is, the civil society between people based on needs and exchanges constructed by the classical economist Smith。In simple terms，“Labor Alienation Construction I” is Marx’s view of using the concept of labor to transform economic alienation，But bet365 coupon code theory does not have solid methodological support，So bet365 coupon code alienation theory has no category of subject labor，There is no dialectical link to abandon alienation，At bet365 coupon code time, Marx was in the transitional period between otherness thought and original thought。With the in-depth study of economics in "Paris Notes"，Marx tried to find the methodological foundation of his own original theory，Beyond classical economics with a complete theoretical system，The result is the "Labor Alienation Theory II" constructed in Notebook I of the "1844 Manuscript"。On the one hand，Marx was influenced by Hegel’s philosophy，Objectification in nature through labor，The material sinking of self-consciousness in turn dominates consciousness itself。Labor as the mediator of bet365 coupon code connection，It also became the key to Marx’s abandonment and return。On the other hand，Marx resonates with Smith，He affirmed Smith’s statement that labor is the main essence of private property，Call Smith the “Luther of Economics”。However，The basis of Smith’s concept of labor is still the visible labor of workers in handicraft industry，bet365 coupon code led Marx at bet365 coupon code time to deny "inhuman" mechanized mass production from a humanistic perspective。

Take a closer look，The emergence of the young Marx’s labor alienation construction is actually the first systematic expression of the young Marx’s epistemology，I judge it as critical epistemology。The methodological core of bet365 coupon code Hegel’s phenomenology，The object of understanding is social materialism。Actually，Since the Paris period，Social materialism in classical economics potentially influenced Marx，This process is unconscious。But we can clearly see，Marx had already begun to intuitively objectify materialism from Feuerbach，Slowly entering a non-intuitive epistemology，The alienation construction of labor is a relational perspective that transcends perceptual intuition。In "Paris Notes"，Marx’s critical epistemology is mainly reflected in the perspective from visible commodities to invisible capital and labor，Perspective from visible real estate to invisible movables，And try to criticize this alienated subject-object relationship、Sublation and return。This critical epistemology is similar to the epistemology of Hiromatsu Wataru and Heidegger，That is, object knowledge beyond intuition，Thus recognizing the relationships and activities behind the objects，It is precisely against "object"。In other words，At this time, Marx used Hegelian phenomenology to criticize and transcend economic reality。Therefore，Under the joint influence of the commercial society composed of Smith's "need relationship" and the dialectical link of Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit"，Critical epistemology appears。However，The end point of this epistemological alienation and return is the quasi-existence of Feuerbach’s value suspension，In essence, it is still an implicit idealist view of history。Starting from "Theses on Feuerbach"，Marx abandoned this critical epistemology with humanism as the dominant logic，In the scientific view of history, a historical epistemology based on the theory of relational consciousness was formed。Until "Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858" and "Economic Manuscripts 1861-1863"，Marx once again formed a new critical epistemology，The new basis of bet365 coupon code the scientific construction of labor alienation III and historical phenomenology，Thus completed the two transformations of Marx’s epistemology。

　(The author is a professor at the Marxist Social bet365 coupon code Research Center and Philosophy Department of Nanjing University)