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Zhao Chengxin's in -line observation method test

April 24, 2020 01:54 Source: "China Social Sciences" April 24, 2020 Total 1914 Author: Qi Zhao

　　As the largest anti -aggression struggle in modern China，The Anti -Japanese War left a considerable number of anti -Japanese war memories due to its wide range of social mobilization，Among them, the description from intellectuals occupies a position that cannot be ignored，And Zhao Chengxin, the Department of Sociology of Yanjing University Zhao Chengxin's "Miscellaneous Miscellaneous", read today is even more moving and causing thoughts。

　　The beginning of life in prison

　　On the afternoon of December 8, 1941，Due to being suspected of participating in anti -Japanese activities，Zhao Chengxin and Zhang Dongzhang、Chen Qitian、Lu Zhiwei、Zhao Ziyi was detained by the Japanese gendarmerie in the Gonglou。evening，Liu Kaixuan and Lin Jiatong also joined it，and five people, including Zhao Chengxin, was deducted from the Office of the Law School。Afternoon the next day，They and 11 Yanjing University students were first transferred to the Nishiyuan Japanese gendarmerie team，Later, it was pulled by a load car to the Japanese gendarmerie headquarters located on the beach red building，The detention center detained in the cellar。This is the beginning of the loss of their freedom and the beginning of life in the distress。

　　For Zhao Chengxin and his colleagues who are accustomed to campus life，Everything here often makes them feel like this past，In addition to the discomfort of clothing, food, and living，How to deal with various questions in the church is even more painstaking。Not only that，Yanjing University teachers detained here have gradually increased，For example, there will be Xiao Zhengyi in late December、Shen Shouzhen、Hong Yilian、Cai Yizheng、Deng Wenru、Hou Renzhi and others come here。but Bet365 lotto review but，This is just the first stop of their life in prison。

　　February 2, 1942，Zhao Chengxin and Chen Qitian、Liu Kaixuan and others were taken from the detention center to the military court，After a short church，Then he was sent to the Japanese Army Prison in the northeast corner of Peiping。They first lived in the same "Western Supervision House"，After being separated in different rooms after half a month，And Zhao Chengxin is a house and a house，Unprecedented loneliness follows。迨 to April 1，Beginning with Hou Renzhi and a Buddhist for more than 20 days，After illness, I live alone in one room，Until the afternoon of May 25th, he regained freedom。

　　The pursuit of meaning and the application of the observation method

　　Life in prison in the face of freedom losses and distress，Zhao Chengxin seek meaning in its unique way，This method is not related to his academic training，That is from the perspective of my own professional，Think and test the sociological methodology issues that he is quite interested in，Specifically focused on how to apply the in -site observation method proposed by American sociologist Lindman in prison life。This idea is germinated on the tenth day of Zhao Chengxin being detained on the tenth day of the Japanese gendarmerie detention center。

　　After I have this idea，Zhao Chengxin Xun is about to implement it，The structure of his detention room、Material、size，Eating、Sitting and lying utensils and other material facilities made detailed observations。Not only that，He also wants to keep it in prison as much as possible，I thought I will write material in the future，At this time，He even becomes a bamboo in the chest。

　　Application of Observation in the Bureau In addition to paying attention to material facilities，More importantly, pay attention to the daily life and attitude behavior of the detainees。Only one place in the detention center，There were 15 people who lived in the same house Bet365 app download with Zhao Chengxin，These people just constitute the main objects he develops in the bureau，Among them, both Chinese，There are also Japanese，Including college students、Middle school students、Primary school teacher、Herizer vendor、Customs staff、Buddhist、Farmers、Artisan and other social characters，Their words、Action、Personality、Attitude, etc.。It is worth mentioning is，Although Zhao Chengxin had three experiences of living alone，But he never ignored the application of the observation method in the bureau，This shows that he attaches great importance to methodology。

　　Method Theory's thoughts and insights

　　Just as it was planned in the detention center，After more than half a year of recuperation, Zhao Chengxin, who has gained freedom，I started to recall and write on December 8, 1942 and wrote that he obtained in the bureau for more than five months in prison，until the end of May 25 the following year。The time span here is by no means some kind of accidental consistency between the time range of life in his prison，Contrary to，This arrangement just highlights the good intentions of Zhao Chengxin's recovery of this experience。August 15, 1945，When the news of the surrender of the Japanese invaders，He reads the previous report again，Write this as a sociological comment。

　　In this sociological comment，Zhao Chengxin intends to explore two issues: First, think about the methodology of sociological research，The second is to analyze the personal behavior of individuals under the special social system。He first analyzes the limitations and difficulties of observation law in the test bureau in prison。In his opinion，Observation method in the bureau in terms of methodological sense，It belongs to a technical and method of collecting materials，Its proposal is to make up for the lack of relevant records and the dual disadvantages of the lack of related Bet365 lotto review records and sociological theories。And to achieve this goal，The subjective attitude of the observers in the bureau and the objective performance of the object should be made.，That is, a proper blending between the subject and the object is formed here。

　　But，As a sociologist, you can experience life in prison，Observation itself is limited by social legal sanctions institutions such as detention centers and prisons，Can't make a comprehensive observation of various phenomena in it。In addition，The difficulty of observation method in the application bureau of Zhao Chengxin is also the following five aspects: one is that there are no paper and pen in prison to record his seeing and hearing; the other is that whenever he wants to do the struggle for survival，The role of the people in the bureau occupies a dominant position，to forget the identity of the observer; third, he lost consciousness during the serious illness，Many things that have been remembered have been forgotten; the fourth is that when recalling the life in the prison, the Japanese have not surrendered，Therefore, many words that seem to be "overly" at the time were not written; Fifth is because of the interest relationship between people，So the harmful words of others have not been pursued。

　　So，Zhao Chengxin wrote naturally not all of life in prison，But he hopes that this is the main part of the material，These materials are summarized by him as the iron window flavor、Trial、The shape of the detention person、Group life、The opportunity to think about、Talking about the discussion、Eight themes of Nature and the Love of God。They do not completely constitute all the materials when he analyzes the second problem，Not only did some of them not adopted，Instead, those materials that have not been written have a intentional or unintentional impact on the discussion of the problem。Where is the rationality bet365 best casino games of the latter? To this end, he responded to the concept of seeing the insider。Passing refers to the fact that the research subject is based on one or more of the facts that have been forgotten or unable to disclose，The theory issued by personal experience and a kind of answer to some difficult problems.。The emphasis here emphasizes，The necessity of experience and facts for insight，In other words，I want to answer the problems of the problem with the insights，The premise is to accumulate sufficient experience and master full facts，And this accumulation and mastering of observation of researchers、Real requirements for understanding and thinking。

　　The stimulus of the system and the ability of individual response

　　The functions of insighting Mingming are mainly reflected in Zhao Chengxin's research on personal behavior performance under special systems，His theoretical basis is the doctrine of stimulus and reaction relationships in social psychology，Its purpose is，The behavioral response of the individual is not only related to the intensity of the excitement，And by individual experience、Impact of habits and social customs。

　　Because he is concerned about the behavior characteristics of individuals in a system environment such as detention centers and prisons，So，Zhao Chengxin first analyzed the constituent elements of this special system: First, extremely simple material and equipment，The second is the regulations and implementation procedures for detention centers and prisons，Third is the personnel who enforce the regulations，Fourth, the detention person dominated by this system。

　　From the control of the detention center and prison system for individual response，It can be analyzed from the two levels of display behavior and inner life，The former includes similar behavior、Cooperation or common behavior，and individual behaviors three bet365 live casino games types。For these three display behaviors，The control of the system is greater。But for the inner life of the detainees，The control of the system failed to work like expected，This is mainly due to the personal past experience of the detention person、Habit、The impact of cultural influence and group life on it。

　　Therefore，Under this special system，The same thing is more than the same point of the behavior of the detainees，The differences in inner life, especially personal thought, are particularly obvious。According to this analysis，Zhao Chengxin concluded that，Detention Center and Prison, although this system will have some control or domination of the behavior of the detainees，but，At the ideological level，It has its impact on intellectuals less than other classes，Take itself as an example，Specially indicated that his experience in living in prison will not change his thoughts as the Japanese invaders envision，Therefore, where the individual's energy is in the face of institutional stimulation，This undoubtedly constitutes a great irony for the purpose of slavery that Japanese army invasion of China.。

　　In other words，In the background of the Anti -Japanese War，Zhao Chengxin has been detained at the Japanese Gendarmerie Headquarters Detention Center and the Army Prison.，The conversion of this space symbolizes the loss of freedom。Life in prison in the face of depression，To pursue meaning，He uses the application of the in -site observation method to conduct methodology tests，I realize the identity obtained by the person in the bureau，There are also observations caused by the character of outsiders for outsiders。Although there is no paper and pen as auxiliary，But after getting freedom，With his memory, he has made as detailed memories as possible to what he saw in prison.，and from the perspective of combining theory and methodology, this pursuit Bet365 app download of a deep sociology interpretation，Not only will it be beneficial to us to understand Zhao Chengxin's academic thoughts and methods，More our understanding of the Anti -Japanese War from the perspective of intellectuals provides precious historical materials。

　　(This article is the "Chinese School of Chinese Schools' in the first half of the 20th century" (16CSH001) staged achievement)

　　(Author Unit: Marxism College of Northwest University)

Editor in charge: Changchang