Leadership is to motivate people to work hard at common goals，A ability to make ordinary people excellent。In the current “Belt and Road” construction、Under the background of building a community of human destiny，Development and improve the leadership of each Chinese，It will help improve China's global influence，Then help the rise and revival of the Chinese nation。and improve the leadership of the Chinese，It is necessary to understand the connotation and mechanism of leadership in bet365 best casino games the context of Chinese culture。This article is trying to sort out the theory of mainstream Western leadership，Introduce the research on the basis of existing localization leadership，Put forward a new localized leadership theory model，It aims to lay the theoretical foundation for improving the leadership of the Chinese，and provide suggestions for future leadership training。

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Early scholars tried to answer the question of "Is the leader born in natural" by examining the quality of the genetic leadership in excellent families，This is also the origin of the characteristic paradigm of leadership research。The characteristic paradigm is effectively identified by the potential leaders and trained，So as to promote the development of leadership research。

Recent，A well -influential theory is the real leadership proposed by Avolio and Gardner。This theory thinks，Reality is the root characteristics of various positive leadership styles，Real leaders combine their positive psychological quality with a highly developed organizational situation，Improve the self -awareness and self -regulating ability of the organization members，to promote the development of the entire organization。Study confirmed，Real -type leadership will indeed improve the positive psychological ability of their subordinates、Promote the positive attitude and organizational citizen behavior of organization and work。other，Real leadership will also enhance the Bet365 app download psychological happiness of the leadership itself，helps to form a good team，Active behavior at the team level，and promote team performance。

Although the characteristic paradigm has a long history，Never updated，But it has been criticized and failed to take into account the role of leadership behavior and leadership function environment，Directly prompt more scholars to develop new leadership theory from the perspective of behavior and behavior interaction between behaviors。

The theory of leadership of the behavior emphasizes，Effective leaders should be classified as individuals with extensive leadership style，Therefore, leadership is defined as a set of observed activities，instead of the nature of the natural。Due to the plasticity of the behavior style，This perspective provides strong support for the intervention training of leadership。Trading and transforming leaders are a typical representative of the behavior paradigm。

1978，Burns (BURNS) proposed for the first time the theory of reform and trading leadership，and compare the difference between them，Think of trading leaders pay attention to management，Division of labor through clear responsibilities，Guide to complete the task of subordinates，and the transformed leader focuses on the concern of employees' needs and the performance of leadership charm，Increase employees through the influence of emotional levels。On the basis of Bernes research，Bass (BASS) further pointed out，A leader can have two leadership styles: trading and transformational types at the same time，And trading leaders are the basis for transformed leaders，Reform leaders can enhance the role of trading leaders。other，Transforming leaders can provide employees with individual care and intellectual incentives，and through personal charm to make employees trust leaders、Dear and loyalty，Transforming leaders can inspire employees，Let employees feel the importance of work，This stimulates the high -level demand of subordinates，Inspired subordinates to organize interests，A result of reaching the original expectation。

Although the impact of the behavioral paradigm on leadership training is far -reaching and long -lasting，But because it emphasizes the behavior of the leader too much，and ignore the environment bet365 best casino games where the leadership plays the role，So，Some researchers attempts the characteristics、Integration of behavior and situation，The effectiveness of the leadership depends on the specific environment，Then develop the power changes。

1967，Fiedler first proposed the first complete leadership power change theory，Think that every way of leadership may be valid，The key lies in whether the leadership method and situation characteristics can get a good match，and divide the leaders into a relational guidance type and task -oriented type，The main goal of the former is to maintain a good interpersonal relationship，The main goal of the latter is to complete the task。The situation variable contained in the theoretical model mainly includes the organization atmosphere、Mission structure and leaders' power position。1972，Fedler and Feishman's first application rights change theory explained leadership training，and put forward some suggestions for promoting the effectiveness of training。After that，Researchers use "leadership matching" training to train naval officers，The performance of the participants after the training was significantly improved。

other，Graen (Graen) and Dailsereau's leadership -member exchange theory is also a representative of the power change paradigm。This theory believes that due to limited resources and energy，Leaders will adopt differentiated management methods and strategies to treat subordinates，Establish a different exchange relationship with different subordinates。In a high -quality exchange relationship，Strikes establish close relationships with subordinates，Finals will get more support and concern for leaders，as exchange，Leaders will be respected by their subordinates、Trust and support; and in low -quality exchange relationships，Leaders and subordinates established a more formal relationship，Leaders mainly use the formal rights in the organization、Rules and policies to ensure that members complete their own tasks，At this time, the exchange relationship between subordinates and leaders is usually manifested as task -oriented，Lack of positive interaction。

Looking at the history of the development of Western leadership theory，The theory of leadership theory under the three perspectives of "Traits Bet365 lotto review -Behavior -Change" is mostly politically: the characteristic perspective mainly focuses on the impact of personal characteristics on the development of leadership，The perspective of behavior mainly pays attention to the behavior of the leader in the process of leaders，Perseverance perspective pays attention，But ignored the development of the leader。Visible，The existing leadership theory rarely considers the matching and fusion of leaders' self -development and organizational environment development，and this point for emphasis on interpersonal harmony，Pay attention to the differential pattern of the "size me"，It is especially important to emphasize the Chinese people who integrate the ego into the big self.。

　　Fortune leadership: A integrated localized leadership theory model

In the past 20 years，Chinese scholars have done a lot of localization work on the basis of the West existing theory。For example，The study of Chen Wenjing and Shi Kan proposed，In bet365 best casino games the context of Chinese cultural，"Transaction Leadership" model includes rights change rewards、Punishment of power change、Project monitoring and expected investment four dimensions，Among them, the transaction in the expected investment dimension is relative hidden，The difference between Chinese trading leaders and the West。other，Li Chaoping and the Time Saidum use the induction method to prepare the four -dimensional "Transforming Leadership Questionnaire" in the context of Chinese cultural，Among them, the dedication sacrifice of leadership and the spirit that leads the leadership，The traditional compatibility with morality in Chinese culture。"Leaders -Member Exchange" in Chinese cultural context can be divided into two categories。One type of concept and mode of transplant Western leaders -member exchange theory，For example, Wang Hui and others revised the local four -dimensional "Leaders -Member Exchange Table"。Another category will start from the particularity of the relationship between Chinese cultural background，The concept of developing localized "leaders -subordinate relationships"，If Ren Zhen, I proposed that non -working exchange relationships with Chinese characteristics。These local practice descriptions，Leadership theory has its own uniqueness in the context of Chinese cultural，But currently lacks the characteristics of Chinese culture and social psychology、Complete leadership theoretical model。

Native psychologist Yang Zhongfang pointed out，The social structure of the Western "personal orientation" determines，They value personal freedom、Rights and achievements，So，The more clear the boundary of your own world, the better, the better; and the social structure of China's "social orientation" determines，The boundary between individuals and others is not necessarily clear，Instead, your boundaries can tolerate others and their groups，So，The growth and socialization of the Chinese can be regarded as a moral development process -individuals transcend the ego，To the ego and the big self,。

Based on the integration of Chinese self -development and organizational development，We integrated characteristics、Behavior of behavior and power change，Put forward a new localization leadership theory -pattern leadership，"grid" is personality、Character and style，"Bureau" is the overall situation、Situation、Wind，This theory regards the development of leadership as a continuous body from self -growth to organizational development，Emphasize "grid" and "bureau" to match and integrate，Try from "doing people and doing things，Adults and Nishi，Personality and Situation "Multiple levels to comprehensively enhance individual leadership: at the characteristic level，Cultivation of excellent quality of Chinese traditional cultural characteristics and the spirit of the times，such as "and different，Not humble，Not impartial "; at the behavior level，Consistent and continuous self -structure，Improve the continuity and consistency of leadership behavior; at the level of power change，Cultivate flexible and enhanced self -structure，so that the demands of the small self are reasonably satisfied in the constraints of the big self (group specifications and organizational situations)。

Research on leadership development in the past mostly focused on the results of leadership training at the individual level，The study of the effect of leadership training activities from the organizational level is relatively limited，and the research results are not consistent。The theory of leadership of bet365 Play online games the pattern advocates that the leadership of the individual and the organization is enhanced by changing the pattern of individual self and the relationship between their self and the environment，That is, by using the behavior of the ego、Target and characteristics of the goals and values ​​of the organization，进而Achieve a big self, realize the ego，Promote personal、Common development of team and organization。

In future research and practice，We plan to combine the theory of leadership and leadership training with leadership，Find a more effective method and way to improve the leadership of Chinese people。Activity design based on the theory of pattern -based leadership is divided into three stages (as shown in the figure): in the planning stage，It is necessary to consider the personality characteristics of activity to adapt to the personality characteristics of the participants and meet the activities of activity training; during the learning stage，The content of the training activity needs to be guided by pattern leadership，Incorporate a variety of design concepts in form，Promoting participants to generate positive psychological state (including participation and internal motivation)，so as to achieve good training effect expectations; finally，Evaluation and feedback phase must formulate a system of multi -level evaluation standards under the pattern of "ego -big self" (individual -team -organization)，Examine whether the training results have achieved training goals。

On the training content，Leading theory of pattern can provide theoretical foundation and design inspiration for leadership activity design，Specifically，Can be adjusted and improved by the Chinese people's self -pattern through the following four aspects，Improve its leadership: By enhancing the past self、Now the continuous self -structure between self and the future from me; to cultivate a consistent self -pattern of self -cultivation by increasing the level of the table; to find a flexible self -structure that meets the balance of self -needs and the needs of others; Not humble，Different Quality Establishment of Establishment Establishment Enhanced Self -Self -Self -Self -Spying。

At the design level of the activity，Activity design under the leadership framework of the pattern bet365 best casino games can start from the perspective of adjusting the self -structure and the relationship between me and the big self.，Design different roles and mission situations，Improve the game and decision ability of the contradiction between the individual and the big me and the big self，and then reward the best in bet365 best casino games the context of Chinese cultural、Different solutions，Therefore, the personal pattern (leader) is integrated into the big personal pattern (team、Organization and Society)，通过Achieve a big self, realize the ego，Leaders of the Chinese people's "self -cultivation -adult -self -self" leadership。

(this article was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31700978)

(Author Unit: Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University、Application Experiment Psychology Beijing Key Laboratory、National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Psychology (Beijing Normal University)