The concept of "Unification of the Great" originated in Chinese history.，The practice of "Unification of the Great" is reflected in many dynasties in China。Generally speaking，This concept and practice emphasize the high unity and development of multi -ethnic countries。The concept and practice of the "unified" in the Qing Dynasty are more manifested in Mongolia、Xinjiang、Tibet and other frontier areas，How to deal with the border national problems。

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In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (1st 134)，Dong Zhongshu proposed the "unification of the big unification" theory: "Spring and autumn, one person，Frequent Scriptures of Heaven and Earth，Ancient and modern friendship also。"in Chinese history，Emperor Hanwu was the first emperor to implement the "unification" in the understanding and practice after Qin Shihuang。Tang Wude 2nd Years (619)，Gao Zu Li Yuan promulgated the book，Indicates "Huairouyuan people，Righteousness in the restraint "。After the throne of Tang Taizong，Inheritance and development of this policy，His opposition to "non -ethnic group，Its heart must be different "view，Proposal "Yidi Yiren Ear，Its love and mid -summer，Human Lord Deze does not add，No need to suspect the exotic category。Gederzawa，Then Siyi can make a family，Suspective，Then the flesh can not help but be revenge "。He explicitly said，"Since ancient times, it is noble China，狄 狄，I love alone like one "。Han Dynasty、The concept of the "unification" of the Tang Dynasty，Inherited and developed to varying degrees in understanding and practice of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty。

During the Nurhachi period，In addition to dealing with the issue of the Manchu itself，How to deal with the relationship between Manchu and Han bet365 Play online games and Mongolians，Especially the relationship between Manchu and Mongolian people。To attack the Ming Dynasty，Nurhachi has adopted a policy of combining force and Hou Rou in Inner Mongolia。When Inner Mongolia and the Ming Dynasty Alliance，Nurhachi mainly focuses on attack on Inner Mongolia; when Inner Mongolia expressed its attachment，Nurhachi is mainly Huairou，formed an alliance with Inner Mongolia to deal with the Ming Dynasty。Before his death，Inner Mongolia Corqin and other departments have been attached to the gold，This indicates that his policy has achieved certain results in Inner Mongolia。The Emperor Tai Chi period basically followed the policy of Nurhachi，But it is more inclined to Huairou’s side，Promote Inner Mongolia's final service。Not only that，Huang Taiji also contacted the Tibetan Buddhist leader of Tibetan Buddhist Buddhist Buddhist Buddhism and the power of the Monte Mongolia nobles。All this indicates，Although the regime established by the Manchu aristocracy during the Emperor Taiji period is still a local regime，But it has been seen that Huang Taiji had the germination of the "unified" thought during this period。

　　Knowing the development of the "unification" of the Qing Dynasty

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644)，Manchu becomes a nation。Its supreme rulers are treating the Han and other ethnic minorities，There is a new development in understanding and practice。Emperor Shunzhi once said，"Emperor Emperor，chance to cure Han people。朕 治、Han，It will make each place，Home Give people "。In terms of relations with Inner Mongolia，The Qing court still adopts the policy of enlightenment and use，On the one hand, Fu Sui，On the other hand, calibration of civil strife。Shunzhi three years of suppression of the anti -clearing forces of the Senite Ministry，is an example。In terms of Tibet，Emperor Shunzhi invited the 5th Dalai Lama to Beijing and gave the title，It also shows that the Qing court's "unification" view has made new progress in understanding and practice。

Kangxi、Yongzheng、In Knowing，It is the period of perfection Bet365 app download and practice of the "unification" view of the Qing court。In Knowing，Emperor Kangxi emphasized "a family in the world"。After the thirty years of Kangxi (1691) after the Duolun League，Outer Mongolia attached to the Qing court。The role of building the Great Wall for the Qin Dynasty，Emperor Kangxi said，I am grace to Khalka，Defense Shuo Fang，The Great Wall is stronger。He also said further，"Emperor's rule of the world，own original original，No special danger。Since the Great Wall of Qinzhu，Han、Tang、Song Ye often repaired，Is there no border at that time? In the end of the Ming Dynasty，My Tongzu soldier commander directly drives into，Zhufu unlock，Dare to dare to be。The way to see the country，But in Dianmin，Mind Yue，Zhebang gains and the border is self -solid，The so -called people who are in the city are also "。Here，Emperor Kangxi completely disintegrated the Great Wall of the Central Plains Mainland and the Northern Frontier Nomadics formed in history，This is important in the formation of the "unification" view of the Qing court。36 years of Kangxi，After the internal chaos of Ping Galdan，Emperor Kangxi's geographical location of the river set by Emperor Kangxi's strategic position，Post opinion said，"If you control the Mongolian Mongolian Tao，Although the river set is based，Annone? Control no way，Where can I not be chaotic? "He said again，"朕，Those who read them are all my red，Covering generation，There is no difference between the original "。"Chinese and Foreign Foreign Views", "There is no difference between the original"，Reflected the "unification" concept of Emperor Kangxi。

Emperor Yongzheng's "Unification" view，Developed more than Emperor Kangxi。Yongzheng Eleventh Year (1733) April，Emperor Yongzheng said such a paragraph to the cabinet official，"Chinese and foreign people，The realm of the place also，Those up and down，Divided by the sky also。My coast of the East China Sea in Zhaoji，Unified country，Jun Lin Tianxia，Small and small cultural and martial arts，The unification bet365 live casino games of the Chinese and foreign families since Yao Shun also。Small and small cultural and martial arts，Small and small cultural and martial arts，Chinese and foreign families also。Politics that performed，Rites and Music Expenses，The government of Chinese and foreign families also。Inner and Zhili Provincial Ministers，outer and Mongolian polar tribes，and Haiyu Mountain，Jiannan Gong，Exotic Fang Fang，Mo Di respectful，Mainly。Nunfu trace back to the place where the emperor's karma，Eyes are foreign，I thought it should be taboo between words，It is a distinguished in the territory，Forget the best of talent，Non -memorized fallacy! "He also said，"The name of Yidi，Nothing to the dynasty "，"The Emperor's Cheng Tian Yuyu，Chinese and foreign family，upper and lower one "，"Full Han Name，It is still in the province.，Not the difference between China and foreign countries "。In "The Records of the Righteousness"，Emperor Yongzheng also made it clear，"I don't know the dynasty is Manchuria，Utah China has a origin。Shun is the person of Dongyi，Wang Wang is the people of Xi Yi，Why was it damaged to Santa? Self -entry to the Lord，Jun Lin Tianxia，Bianshe Mongolia Extrabulic，Turn on the departure of the parts，It is the territory of China to develop Guangyuan，The great fortune of the Chinese ministers，Why is there still the division of Huayi China and foreign countries? "Emperor Yongzheng emphasized" Chinese and foreign families "，Opposition to "Yan Huayi's Different"。After Emperor Qianlong's throne，Improper words for the minister's sparse words，"Mongolia、Han people，The same is subjects，If there is any place of writing，It should be called Mongolia、Mainland，Do not use the Chinese word，Mixed Fill in "，"Today Wuling Azuo，Utah Yi Yi、Han two characters are named color，You can see that Yiyi and others have not paid attention to "，"Introduce the governor of the side of the border，If there is any place to write，I must punish "。Kangxi、Yongzheng、The above remarks bet365 Play online games of the three emperors of Qianlong show，The "unification" national view of the Master of Manchu nobles has a new improvement，The concept of "unification of the big" has matured。

　The concept of "Unification of the Great" helps to maintain the unity of the country in the Qing Dynasty

With the improvement of the "unified" national concept、Clear understanding，In practice，Kangxi、Yongzheng、Qianlong Three Emperors' maintenance of the country's unity is also more firm，For all split countries、Damage unified behavior is resolutely settled with force。Emperor Kangxi came to Shuo Mo，San Zheng Galdan，Thoroughly shattering the Moumo of the Junggar aristocracy harm the country's unity。The last year of Kangxi，Emperor Kangxi sent the army twice to Tibet，Delivery and hardships，Finally expelled Junggar's invasion forces，Take measures such as the garrison in Tibet，Protect the stability of the tranquility of Tibetan society and the life of the Tibetan people，and normal religious life order。Emperor Yongzheng Ping Dan Danjin Rebellion，Establishing Minister of Xining，Make Qinghai Mongolia finally stabilize。Emperor Yongzheng also based on the situation，The disturbance of the Mainland in the Mainland's Junggar aristocracy，Sometimes negotiation，Sometimes military strike，I won time，Accumulated experience。Emperor Qianlong according to the division of the internal internal of the Junggar aristocracy in Mixi Mongolia，Take measures without losing time，"This decades of decades have not been out of the situation，朕 Four Thinks，There is a situation of having to do "，Facing Dawaqi split forces in succession、Agel Sana rebellion、The change of the post of Qingji miscellaneous、Damage and Zhuo Rebellion，Finally solved the Xinjiang problem，completely realized the unity of Xinjiang，Achieved the "unified" situation of the Qing Dynasty。For this，Twenty -four years of Qianlong (1759) October，Emperor Qianlong once said，"Today's Fortunate Bian 陲，Wan You Li，Land Fang Xing，To the newly opened Tujiang，Zuozhongyuan'bet365 Play online games s cultivation ... The so -called one in one fell swoop and the preparation is good，孰 greater than "。"Close the door to west，Wan You Li，Through the layout ...，It is learned that I am the servant of the Qing Dynasty，Ji Zhizhi，It is really a big event "。Qianlong 53 and 56 years，Gurka invaded Tibet twice，Bring a disaster to Tibet。Emperor Qianlong sent troops into Tibet，Defeating Gurkha invasion forces，Defending national territory and sovereignty。

To sum up the visible，The emperors of the Qing Dynasty fought the unification of the University，to Kanggan's prosperous age has become mature; in practice，For the various split actions that endanger the country，Resolutely adopt military means to shatter。Certificate of historical development，The rulers of the Qing Dynasty's understanding and practice of the "unification of the big one"，and Han、Compared with the Tang Dynasty，All have new developments。As Emperor Yongzheng said，"Unification of China，Beginning in Qin，Unification of one outside of the congestion，Beginning in Yuan，and it is extremely prosperous in my dynasty，Since ancient times, Chinese and foreign families，Very wide range，Not like my dynasty "。For the "unification" situation of the Qing Dynasty，"Draft of the Qing Dynasty" also records，"Emperor Dongxia，Start internal League。Kangxi、Qianlong Two Performance Department。Self -Songhua、Black Dragon Zhujiang，迤逦 and West，Variable Desert，Golden Mountain，Xinjiang Ding Zero、Fresh Hebei Domain，Nankan Kunlun、Analyzard、Qu Search，Three Dangerous House，As for Black Water，All of them are the Ministry of Fan Department。Fu Yubin Gong，夐 Yue Han、Tang。Pinghan's weight，So pet，Union of Niho，So Qi Zhi，Rui Liu Zhifei，So Huai，Repair of Education，So Xuanzhi。Shi Gei，The Communist Party Meeting，devotional constraints，The Communist Party Meeting，Ao Yanchang。Qi Yuan of Ruo Fu Yuan，From the atmosphere，Mingzhizhi，Virtual name，The cover Bet365 lotto review cannot be said in the same year "。

The "unified" situation in the Qing Dynasty was formed，First，Make the western part of the region、The northern frontier ethnic minority areas have become an important part of the land area of ​​the Qing Dynasty。Second，West、The northern frontier becomes a concentrated residential area of ​​ethnic minorities，Except for the Han nationality，and Mongolian、Tibetan、Uyghur people, etc.，The characteristics of the layout of the ethnic distribution of the ethnic group in the Qing Dynasty。third，Resident religious colors are clear，Tibetan、Mongolians believe in Tibetan Buddhism，Uyghur people believe in Islam。All the above，To a certain extent, it shows the unification of Chinese multi -ethnic groups、The pattern of diversity of nations，It has been presented and developed in the Qing Dynasty。

(Author Unit: Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)