Space cognitive ability is a more complicated system，both include individual pairing distance、shape、Establishment and application of concepts such as size，It also includes awareness of the relationship between the location of the location and the surrounding objects，and rely on the appearance system to characterize the physical world，Perform imagination thinking and scientific creation。The development of early childhood cognitive ability of children is of great significance for the protection and development of their creative potential。

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Generally speaking，The development stage of space cognitive ability and individual thinking、Self -awareness Differential level、Selection of the reference framework and many factors are closely related，Therefore, its development process has obvious age phases。Research in the past，Individual space cognitive ability has begun to develop when the infantile period，Acceleration of development of early childhood。Structure analysis from development，0-6 year -old infants and young children's space cognitive capabilities have shown many characteristics。

First，The distance consciousness is the earliest space cognitive ability of infants and young children。In the whole process of the development of space cognitive capabilities，Individual perception of the distance is the earliest development。Since birth，Babies start to rely on their own movements to continuously explore the external world。Initial，The scope that the baby can touch is very limited，Can only follow the eye movement、head rotation and limb perception to grasp the distance between yourself and the surrounding objects。After from January to February，Baby's defensive response to the object bet365 live casino games that tends to them，Explain that it already has a visual distance perception。Babies from 6-10 months gradually learn to crawl。Babies continue to expand the spatial range that can be triggered through earlier autonomous movements through crawling，effectively promoted the development of space distance perception。With experience accumulation，They can not only perceive the distance in the plane space，The distance in the vertical space is gradually recognized。It is generally considered，Babies of 6 months have deep perception ability。Children of 3-6 years old have developed to a higher level of cognitive ability，But still needs to be used with specific appearances，It has not risen to abstract level。For example，Children can point out the distance of objects，But it may not be possible to explain the judgment standard and basis。

2，The shape and size cognition is the foundation for the cognition of appearance relationship。The shape and size are two basic attributes of the object。Research Discovery，Newborns after 48 hours of birth have visual preferences，The degree of love for normal human faces is higher than other pictures; the baby's viewing duration of various patterns is different，This shows that the ability to distinguish the shape has developed from the infantile period。From 5-6 months，Babies are gradually being able to grasp the objects in coordination and eye，Integrate visual experience and tactile experience，Gradually realize that the same object is with multiple attributes and characteristics。Children aged 2-3 years old began to recognize simple graphics (such as circles and squares)，But it is difficult to distinguish the subtle difference between the two figures (such as square and rectangular)。As you grow,，Children develop awareness of "three -dimensional" and "spatial dimension" on the basis of plane geometric figures。4 -year -old young children cannot rename the cube model correctly，It will not Bet365 app download be able to master the characteristics of different cubes and make a distinction until around 6 years old。Compared to shape，Children's cognitive development of the size of the object earlier。Children can discern the size of the object when they are 2 years old，You can take the initiative to put the small box in a large box when 3 years old，At the age of 4, you can sort the building blocks according to the size。

third，Space orientation cognition Promote the separation and appearance development of individuals and guests。Space orientation Performance refers to the awareness of the individual's spatial orientation of the object and the spatial position relationship formed by itself。Because the orientation of the object will change with the different reference system，The development process of space orientation cognition is more complicated and slow，Generally starting from early childhood。At the same time，The influence of self -centered characteristics on the development of children's thinking on the development of the most obvious impact on its orientation cognition。Specifically，3 -year -old children can only distinguish the upper and lower positions; at the age of 4, they can distinguish the front and rear positions; 5 -year -old children can distinguish the left and right positions by themselves;、The ability of the front and rear positions is basically developed，and start to realize that the left and right positions in your perspective may be different from others，But can’t be distinguished accurately。

Children's cognitive development of "front and back" and "left and right" is always later than "up and down"，This is due to the different reference system that the orientation itself depends: "up and down" usually uses poles as a reference，This standard is fixed，It will not change with the children itself，It is easy to form a stable spatial signs; the references of the relationship between "front and back" and "left and right" are directional and relatively directional，Bet365 lotto review It will change with the movement of the child itself。Children must not only learn to judge their left and right positions，It also includes the distinguishing between the left and right directions of the surrounding objects，So，Children's mastery of the left and right positions is the most difficult，They need to grasp the location relationship in the change of space relationship，It is the development condition and stage of its appearance world that gradually get rid of the constraints of physical perception。

　　Space cognitive ability affects individual creation of potential development

Early childhood is not only a critical period for the development of individual space cognitive，It is also an important stage for the early development of individuals to create potential。Space cognitive ability provides space information and knowledge experience for the development of potential，Both complement each other。Research indicates，Individual spatial cognitive ability for mathematics、Scientific achievements and future career choices have important predictions。Good space cognitive ability can lay the foundation for the creative potential of individuals in multiple fields。For example，In architectural design，The construction of a space model requires a good space cognitive ability; in art creation，Scenic composition also requires individuals to correctly understand and use perspective、Observation and other space relationships。

So，How does the space cognitive ability affect the development of potential? Psychologists have proposed the development of thinking and starting to move。Babies from after birth，Rely on your own movements to explore the outside world，Accumulate experience of creating potential for its potential in the interaction between the subject and the object。A series of congenital reflexes such as grip and reflection in infantile periods are an important basis for early development of cognitive development and creative potential，Bet365 lotto review Mainly manifested as the baby's attention to new excitement and the development of fine movements。Babies establish a short nerve connection through spontaneous movement，Develop some of the original independent reflex movements into continuous action，This is a manifestation of creative potential for babies。Subsequent，Babies show preliminary problems to solve the ability，Can achieve a certain purpose through simple action skills。Object permanently is established around 2 years old，The baby understands that the object is existence as an independent entity，This heralds a relatively stable spatial appearance in its brain，and use this as the information basis for more abstract creative thinking activities。

The creative potential of individuals is still restricted by its cognitive development stage。The thinking of infants and young children has obvious self -center characteristics，I could only understand things from my own position and perspective。With age，Transition from self -centered to object center，The performance of the object center gradually prominent，Being able to take into account the ideas and opinions of yourself and others。The appearance of the same thing in different perspective can stimulate children's thinking，Promote the development of its creative potential。Children's period，Children usually show great interest and curiosity about new things around them，Doubt about various phenomena，"Breaking the casserole and asking for the end", "Exploring Disassembly", "Doing the game by yourself"，These are funny、seemingly naughty words and deeds，It is precisely the early development path for children to create potential。The child is in such a series of space exploration，Development from from specific image thinking to abstract logic thinking，To complete more complex creative activities。

　　Promote early development of infants and young children to create potential

Infant creation potential training must conform Bet365 app download to the law of physical and mental development，Follow the natural development rules of "use and retreat"。If you grow early in infants，Ignore the differences in the development of different categories，Balanced force to try to promote children's multiple capabilities，or adopt the same training mode for all children，It is easy to cause misses in the critical period of development，Causes a waste of potential; on the contrary，If simple comparison and imitation, it is easy to cause seedlings to promote，Destroy the child's inner development driving force，It does not reach the speed of desire。

During the baby 0-2 years old，Parents should try to choose as bright as possible、Clear outline、Toys or pictures of different shapes and materials，Help the baby from the shape、size、Multi -dimensional cognitive object attributes such as texture，Promote the development of multiple sensory channel potential。Considering that the baby's attention is very short，It is recommended that parents do not give the baby too many toys at a time，It is best to be limited to 2-3 pieces，Cultivate the habit of concentrated attention。

In the child stage，Game is the main activity of children，It is also an effective way to develop its creative potential。In the game，Children's creativity is increasing，From pure imitation to creative development of the game plot、Playing game characters and making game props。Parents and child teachers can target the cognitive characteristics of children aged 3-6，Select the right game to promote the development of its creative potential。For example，Use the "Treasure Game" to exercise children's understanding of space and position、Differential ability，In the process of thinking where to hide the treasure in which position is not easy to find，The early development of its original thinking can stimulate its original thinking。"Line Games" can effectively train children's ability to summarize and classify Bet365 app download the objects according to different dimensions，Early development of promoting its divergent thinking。Painting games can be based on exercise of small muscle movements of young children，Promoting the development of its imagination and association ability，Stimulation of the development of the potential of children's art creation。

(Author Unit: School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University)