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The psychological mechanism and governance of the rumor dissemination in the crisis incident

May 28, 2020 05:15 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences", May 28, 2020, No. 1935 Author: Guo Rongmao

　　Crisis incidents often have sudden、Urgent and uncertainty，When it happens，Various rumors are easy to appear，This will mislead the public，Affects people's psychology，Even causes social panic。With a large number of informal channels about the spread of rumors of crisis incidents，People are gradually difficult to distinguish the authenticity of information，Social life becomes chaotic，Social stability is threatened。For this，We need to study the psychological mechanism of rumor communication，To better strengthen the social governance of rumors in the crisis incident。

　　Rumor is an uncertainty that spreads each other in the public、Unexplained information，Can be widely spread，It is the intention to fabricate by the communicationman。Due to the spread of rumors, it is often anonymous，and the number of geometric levels will continue to increase，This makes it difficult for people to determine their source of communication，I can't master the motivation of the communicator。Therefore, rumors and rumors are often confused by people，Some information that is not intentionally fabricated, that is, rumors, will be considered rumors。In fact，Some so -called "rumors" will sometimes be confirmed as a reliable bet365 best casino games message afterwards，However, it has not been confirmed by the authoritative department during the previous spread，Therefore, at this time, we recommend that it temporarily call it rumor (legend)。The features of the rumors，We need to clarify the following points。

　　First，The foundation of the rumor spread is inaccurate information。The "uncertainty" here refers to the information that the rumor spreads is not based，Can't withstand various tests，Especially when the authoritative department is proved to be wrong，The spread of rumors will stop abruptly。

　　Second，Rumors are easy to spread, but it is difficult to terminate。Under the role of various psychological and social factors，Rumors, especially rumors on the Internet, spread very fast，wide spread。

　　third，Rumors are not only a kind of information dissemination process，At the same time, it is also continuously reproduced in this process。Once a certain message spreads，will form a cycle to reciprocate、Continuous information transmission chain。In this process，A certain information is continuously processed、Reconstruction、Supplement and rich，thus promoted the spread of rumors。

　　In the crisis incident，The spread of rumors has its psychological mechanism，From the consequences of spreading, it may cause people's panic。This is a type of cluster behavior in the scattered crowd，It is the general public in the state of social crisis，The psychological and behavioral response Bet365 app download made in the face of real or imagined threats。The reason for its appearance is complex，This is mainly derived from its non -cooperative and irrational。

　　From the perspective of the condition，The occurrence of rumors originated from the change of society、Social facing crisis or internal structural disorders of society，Therefore, the existence of it as a specific social state has attracted the attention of many people，And everyone has not obtained the exact news about this incident。Under the condition of lack of reliable information and society is under crisis conditions，Normal information channel block，People are easy to panic and nervous。The spread of rumors often causes the facts to be solved，As a result, new rumors are constantly formed。Because when I know new things，People are often "cognitive ghosts"，tend to judge things with the simplest learning experience in the past，So when you get in touch with information，There will be a self -experience understanding，The limited nature of self -experience causes information to be misunderstood。

　　From the perspective of the generation process，The emergence of rumors is related to the psychological factors of forgetting and the difference in individual differences。Some psychologists found in the research on memory，Memory content is after several people regenerate and reproduce，It turned out to be all right，This is a psychological phenomenon of memory errors。According to the perspective of American social psychologists bet365 best casino games G. Ol Potter and L. Posterman，It turns out that the uncertain information itself spreads when different recipients spread，Frequently exaggerated and distorted for the following three reasons: First, leveling。That is, the re -rumor will cut off the unreasonable ingredients in the information，Re -arrange certain plots，Make it more story，Make it shorter、Certain、More attractive、It is easier to be understood and propagated。The second is the sharpening。That is, the re -rumor will break the original information，Leave only information that conforms to your own taste and interest。The tip of the tip is undoubtedly the complementary process of flattening，These two complement each other，The few content left after the rumor was tied.。Third is assimilation。That is, the re -rumor will take the information obtained，"Add fuel and vinegar", "add branches and leaves" based on your daily life experience，This makes the rumors more with the personality characteristics and expressive habits of the communicator。

　　The emergence of rumors is still related to de -personalization。The spread of rumors belongs to a group event，It is under the role of the group，The individual becomes fearless，Lost sexy in group activities。Specifically，There are three reasons for de -personalization: First, anonymous。When the people, especially the netizens, feel that their identity is hidden，The more you feel that you do n’t need to be responsible for your own rumor communication behavior。Bet365 lotto review The second is the loss of responsibility。When the individual spreads the rumors alone，I often worry about being condemned due to improper speech，When the group spreads the rumors together，Individuals will think that responsibility is dispersed，The idea of having the law and not blame the public，Lost the responsibility of the deserves。Third is the drowning of the group。When the rumor spreads alone，Individuals will be controlled by morality and law，But in the environment of the group，Individuals often think that their behavior is insignificant，Easy to be covered，So I feel that I don’t need to be responsible for my behavior。other，The emergence of rumors is still related to the psychology of the public。

　　In the crisis incident，The rumor is unreliable or even ridiculous，It often has a negative effect on people’s social life，Threat people’s emotions and mental health，It will also cause loss of personal life and property，It is extremely unfavorable to the order and development of society。This requires us to use innovative ways to control the spread of rumors。

　　When the rumor just begins to spread，It belongs to rumors，We need innovative thinking methods，Accurately judge the nature of the rumor，What kind of impact it will have on society and the public。At the same time, you need to accurately grasp the category of rumors，Some rumors are not completely fabricated or just without verification，What kind of results and extent it will bring to Bet365 lotto review society or individuals。If the rumors are positive，It is necessary to guide due to potential; otherwise, we must prevent severe prevention。

　　If the rumor has spread，We need to choose the appropriate channel and method to disclose the truth to people in time。Careful confirmation of rumors，Focus on whether this rumor is intentionally fabricated，Based on facts，Take out the facts or evidence of the iron，To indicate that the rumor is inaccurate、Unbelievable，instead of determining that the rumor is fake news with subjective judgments，Label to rumors。In the information age，Traditional information control measures are difficult to achieve any more，This requires our innovative information governance method。

　　To eliminate rumors，Channels that need to communicate smoothly。When people are in panic and anxiety,，Rumors are easy to generate and spread，And the imbalance of this social psychology just reflects the imbalance of society。Under the premise of rumors that it will not cause major social impact and turmoil，It should be adopted more tolerant governance，Give people more tolerance，The enthusiasm of protecting the public to participate in public affairs，On this basis, further improve the mental maturity and anti -interference ability of the public。

　　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Social Development of Overseas Chinese University)

Editor in charge: Changchang