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"I" and "Us": The "community" meaning framework of community psychology

May 28, 2020 05:16 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 28, 2020, No. 1935 Author: Kang Jing

　　The community has two characteristics that are commonly recognized: first, as the "regional" as a geographical character; the other is the "homogeneity" as a relationship of relations。Ask the meaning of "community" in community psychology from these two paths，It can present how the community is used as the implementation area and operating object of the region and relationship，You can also understand how community psychology is applied to social practice under such a framework。

　　The community is contemporary convergence: "we"

　　"Society" in traditional Chinese culture refers to people gathering together for sacrifice of gods，Later, it meant that people gathered together to do something。"Meeting" refers to the rally。Two words together，It means in a certain place，Performing rally or celebration of the gods held in folk festivals。Later extension of various groups with harmony。"Said the Word"，Social "Scholars from the Soil"，means that people with a common faith live together on a piece of land called "society"。"Zuo Zhuan"，There is a saying of "Twenty -Five Films for One Club"。So say，The meaning of the community except for people and regional factors，There is also a spiritual element that maintains the concept of group。If there are only crowds and regional factors，The spiritual elements of not connected to the bond，Then the regional nature of common life will lose vitality and meaning。Community members are faith、specification、Value、Moral evaluation and other aspects of collective consciousness based on the consistency of collective consciousness、A sense of belonging，It is the bet365 live casino games concentration of "community spirit"。

　　Chinese traditional society is based on blood、Region、An acquaintance society based on the industry，Family group or clan formed by the relationship between marriage and blood，and a unit group formed by common labor and occupational contact。The members of the community have a common behavioral specification、Value concept and cultural tradition。Under the guidance of these thoughts and specifications，Community sense is formed through direct continuous interaction，It has also formed a social support network for mutual assistance and care。Fei Xiaotong believes that the "differential sequence pattern" Chinese society "Each interpersonal network is centered on‘ ourselves ’。A relative relationship in the local society is so，Geographic relationship is the same。Modern A system is the group structure，But this is incompatible with the traditional structure。In the traditional structure，Each family as the center with its own status，Draw a circle around，This circle is ‘neighborhood’。It is a mutual assistance agency in life。It is a differential pattern that must have telescopic ability depending on the thickness of the central forces "。The traditional Chinese community reflects the combination of "spiritual community" and "regional community"。

　　Although the significance and scope of communities in different countries are different，There are also a variety of theories and methods about the community，But you can find a common element in these different，That is the hidden concept of the community- "homogeneity"。From this layer of meaning，The community refers to the individual's homogeneous group，It is obviously different from "others"。The definition of the community is due to its subject、Theoretical foundation、bet365 best casino games Different characteristics of the background and methodology of the method theory。"Other" different from the "other" phase that is not considered "homogeneous" is "we"。From this perspective，The community is regarded as a homogeneous group，There seems to be no internal differences among this group，Land without diversity。

　　The concept of community and psychology seems to be conflict。From a traditional perspective，Psychology has always regarded individuals as research objects，strive to use psychology as objective、Independent existence research; the community emphasizes the positive role of individuals as participants in their own change。Because this perspective supports the diversity of social groups and between social groups，So，The preferences of the concept of the community on homogeneity become quite ridiculous。

　　While emphasizing the internal homogeneity of the community concept，It should also be noted that its internal differences and diversity。Community identity is based on the difference and is simplified、The intersection point is based on the brightization。One of the reasons for the appearance of the American community psychology is，Some psychologists feel that the phenomenon of social disintegration that occurred after World War II。This social disintegration is present as a personal anonymous sense、alienation sensation、Lack of sensation、Religion、Not adaptive，Lack of community consciousness, etc.。Early community psychologists hope，As a mental health expert，They can help the next generation of social change。In their opinion，The community represents the background or environment of achieving this goal。

　　Diversity characteristics of the community:Diversity of "I"

　　The community is a construction entity。It should not be regarded bet365 Play online games as existing before its member activities，Instead, it is built by individuals with common characteristics。The community originated from the personal identity of its members。As a social construction，The process of creating a community is from personal identity，Individuals naturally integrate community identity into themselves。So，The creation of the community brings individuals、Changes in the group and environment。The community is based on personal needs、Social relationship with emotion、exchange of network or material resources、Psychological problems (such as emotion、Empowerment、Enhance self -consciousness、A sense of recognition or belonging to the community)，and social problems (such as participation、Unity、Promise)。

　　One of the complexity of community life is，How do people integrate into the community。I should recognize，In addition to participating in the needs and actions of the community，Community members take care of family members、Student、Employee、Friends and other multiple identities，Processing a series of activities at the same time。So，The "I" mentioned in the community is composed of many independent identities that are essentially independent。admit that everyone has multiple identities，Let us realize that a member of the community is just one of the characters in many individual characters，There will be something happening in all these characters，This will affect human psychology、physical condition and social relationship。These identities are constantly changing。Based on the above considerations，We propose to diversify community theory and practice，Because the community itself and the community process are diverse。

　　Given for collective powerCommunity political metaphor

　　Community psychology Bet365 lotto review is a small number of community changes in psychology、Discipline of Politics and System。Recommended politics，Everyone is used to from the country、Social perspective，Analysis from the macro level。Macro perspective can provide us with a unified、Summary、Universal analysis framework，But regional political power is also an important part that cannot be ignored。Especially for the vast area、Many nations、For countries with a large regional difference，Analysis of the importance of local political forces is particularly prominent。Promoting community and social change is one of the goals of community psychology。Power metaphors given to the community by the collective force of the community，Provides a new perspective for political research，that is from the perspective and micro perspective，Construction through the bottom up，Realize individual political participation and national political interaction，and the coordinated development of individuals and communities。Diversity -regional community politics rooted in the local area，A solid community member (mass) foundation gives them strong vitality。Aristotle thinks，"From the perspective of social structure，Several individual families live together in a certain area to form a certain community，and several communities exist in a certain area，It constitutes a country "。The emergence of the country means the generation of politics，So，Community as a national composition element，Itself contains political factors。With the transformation of Chinese society，The unit system changes to the community system，Politics with the interests and rights of community residents began to generate。

　　In China，Community political development is inseparable from the government's leading，Community politics wants to have bet365 best casino games more room for development，Corresponding adjustment of national politics and governance methods is essential。Analysis from the perspective of practice and theory，The development path of urban community politics should be based on the common maintenance and attention of interests，Attract residents participation，On the basis of wide participation of residents，Expansion of the functions of community autonomous organizations，Develop community service，Meet the needs of residents。

　　In short，The similarity of community members is the necessary condition for group identity development，But it cannot ignore the uniqueness of each individual and the differences between the sub -culturalization and the internal differences of the group in each group。admit that everyone has multiple identities，It allows us to realize that a member of the community is just one of many characters in the community，Aware that the community originated from the personal identity of its members。The community is dynamic、Complex。So，We cannot ignore the diversity of community members，Pay attention to the diversification of community theory and practice，Because the community itself and the community itself are diverse。The political role of the community cannot be ignored。Community autonomy belongs to the field of social autonomy，Is an autonomous autonomy for residents，Is the transfer of government functions。Community psychology should take community political actions as an important area for community practice。

　　(This article is the research on the project of Education and Science Planning in Heilongjiang Province 2018, "Research on the Training Model Training Model Training Model of Social Mental Social Psychology and Community Psychological Practice Professional Talent Training Model" (GJC1318074)、Heilongjiang Bet365 app download Provincial Education Department of Education and Teaching Reform Reform Project "Research on Practical Reform of Universities Sports Club in Social Agreement" (SJGY20190087) phased results)

　　(Author Unit: Department of Applied Psychology at the School of Education, Heilongjiang University、Quality Research Base of Higher Education in Heilongjiang Province)

Editor in charge: Changchang