Generally believed，There are two main forms of bet365 Play online games input received by second bet365 Play online games learners，i.e. visual input and auditory input。There are many inherent differences between the two sensory modalities。for example，Both rely on different biological functions，Therefore，The physical medium for information transmission is different；In reverse，The information we see or hear is processed in different subsystems of the brain，The characteristics and information processing capabilities of these subsystems vary。In addition，The non-timed nature of the written mode allows learners to have repeated exposure to input information，The time-limited nature of the auditory mode greatly reduces such opportunities。In view of the different experiences obtained by learners in the two modes，Cognitive science and second bet365 Play online games acquisition researchers have examined whether visual and auditory patterns influence bet365 Play online games or pattern learning in similar ways。

　　Research on bet365 Play online games effects in cognitive psychology

Cognitive scientific research shows，The way information is encoded affects how we process and learn it。This modality-induced learning difference has been demonstrated in sequence recall、Confirmed in studies on temporal processing tasks and artificial grammar learning。Among them，Artificial grammar learning research is closely related to second bet365 Play online games acquisition research。In artificial grammar learning experiment，Subjects were exposed to a complex grammatical system，But they don’t know that the system contains rules，I don’t know that it will be tested by the rules after training。Such research shows，In terms of pattern learning and potential tacit knowledge development，Auditory processing has advantages over visual sequence processing。Researchers think，This is due to the different processing methods of auditory and visual input，Processed in different cortical areas of the brain；The auditory cortex is more sensitive to pattern detection，The visual cortex has more advantages in spatial information detection。

For example，In a study by Conway and Christiansen，The subjects were divided into three groups，separately in hearing、Training in non-verbal modes in visual and tactile modalities。In one of the experiments，Researcher found，The detection results of non-verbal patterns are different among the three groups of subjects，The auditory group (75%) performed better than the visual group (63%) and the tactile group (62%)，And the subjects’ verbal reports indicate that they did not develop conscious knowledge。Therefore，Researchers think，This may indicate that subjects have implicitly learned the statistical structure of visual and auditory input。According to this understanding，In these three modes，All subjects developed tacit knowledge，And the auditory modality is most conducive to learning。Saffran’s artificial grammar learning experiment also reached a similar conclusion。This experiment uses a bet365 Play online games pattern learning task，Examined the learnability of predictive dependencies and differences in pattern learning in auditory and visual modalities。Safran discovered，Only in auditory input experiments，Learners who received input with predictive cues performed better on forced-choice tests than the control group，Suggested that predictive dependencies are learned better in auditory modality than in visual modality。

　　Research on modality effects in second bet365 Play online games acquisition

From an attention perspective，The untimed nature of written input allows learners to self-paced processing and multiple readings of the same material。Therefore，Natural written input can free up attention resources，Making the learner's attention and possible awareness of target features in the input。The non-time-limited nature of written mode provides different learning opportunities than auditory input，The latter is ephemeral in nature、Time limited。This difference in information processing speed caused by different modalities has aroused the interest of many second bet365 Play online games acquisition researchers in different directions。

For example，In research on task-based bet365 Play online games teaching，Researchers have raised the question of how task presentation mode (i.e., written task or oral task) modulates second bet365 Play online games learning opportunities and task performance，Include how the modality of the task affects the learner’s bet365 Play online games output、Perception of task characteristics and outcomes and engagement levels in bet365 Play online games-related events。Research shows，The written mode allows for more complex bet365 Play online games expression than the auditory mode、More accurate，And learners perceive less difficulty。Opposite of the oral expression task，Writing tasks are thought to enable learners to strategically allocate cognitive resources，And provide more opportunities to monitor their bet365 Play online games production and apply explicit knowledge。In classic second bet365 Play online games research，Researchers examined the role of test modality and its impact on second bet365 Play online games performance。Considering the perceptual burden of auditory processing，A question that researchers are very interested in is: whether the auditory grammar judgment task causes a "performance disadvantage" to the subjects (or whether the written grammar judgment task causes a "performance advantage" to the subjects)。Result display，Higher accuracy on written grammar judgment tasks，Shorter response time，This adds credibility to the ease of visual processing。Researchers think，This is due to the different cognitive requirements when subjects process sequential auditory stimuli and permanent visual stimuli。There are also some studies that directly explore the impact of input mode on the acquisition process，Specifically，When learners are asked to pay attention to both the meaning and form of bet365 Play online games，How written and auditory input affect learners’ understanding。Research findings，When the input is presented in a natural written form or a word-for-word visual form，The comprehension scores of subjects who processed the meaning of the input and those who processed both the meaning and form of the input were equivalent。

In short，Research results in second bet365 Play online games acquisition and cognitive science show，Both the mode of bet365 Play online games presentation (i.e. written non-time-limited and auditory time-limited) and the physical medium (i.e. visual and auditory modalities) may affect the second bet365 Play online games learning process。

　　Enlightenment on foreign bet365 Play online games teaching in my country

From the discussion above on the study of modal effects，We can draw two basic conclusions: First，bet365 Play online games input in the auditory modality has comparative advantages in developing learners’ tacit knowledge of grammar，But due to its ephemerality and non-repeatability (except for learners who repeatedly listen to recordings of auditory input)，It provides learners with limited opportunities for explicit learning，It is not conducive for learners to consciously acquire explicit knowledge of grammar。Second，bet365 Play online games input in visual modality has comparative advantages in developing learners’ explicit knowledge，This is because learners can repeatedly process written materials at a self-paced pace，So that it can pay attention to the formal characteristics of grammatical structure or lexical collocation，Or enable real-time monitoring of bet365 Play online games output，So as to correct the bet365 Play online games expression in a timely manner，Improve the accuracy and complexity of bet365 Play online games production，But it does not have the natural advantages of the auditory modality in terms of pattern recognition and potential implicit knowledge acquisition。It can be seen from this，Two input modes are suitable for different stages of foreign bet365 Play online games learning，Serving the foreign bet365 Play online games teaching goals at different stages。

In the foreign bet365 Play online games teaching environment in my country，The learning of foreign bet365 Play online games grammar begins with conscious explicit learning，The result is that the learner first acquires explicit or declarative knowledge of grammatical rules，Although this kind of knowledge cannot be flexibly used in real-time communication in foreign languages，But it can enable learners to understand texts of a certain difficulty or produce grammatical discourse，Thus enabling learners to obtain necessary bet365 Play online games use opportunities。However，The core of second bet365 Play online games ability is subconscious、Tacit knowledge，This knowledge can be automatically obtained in real-time communication，Thus enabling smooth communication。Therefore，Different stages of foreign bet365 Play online games teaching，While ensuring that learners receive sufficient visual modal input，The input of comprehensible auditory modality should be increased，Activate the pattern detection function of the brain’s auditory cortex，Gradually transform explicit grammatical knowledge into implicit procedural knowledge。In addition，This kind of receptive tacit knowledge still needs to be passed through a lot、Extensive meaning-focused exercises，Promote its transformation into productive tacit knowledge。

A study conducted by Rebuschat and Williams in 2012 is more representative。They used two experiments to study whether adult second bet365 Play online games learners can develop second bet365 Play online games tacit knowledge from meaning-focused exercises，It was found that when they simplified the semi-artificial bet365 Play online games they used in an experiment and added a practice activity (i.e. verbal induction)，The subjects showed a significant learning effect (the correct rate of grammatical judgment test was 61%)，and develop reliable tacit knowledge。What this study gives us is，Foreign bet365 Play online games learners at different stages should be provided with auditory input of different difficulties，Ensure it can perform pattern recognition based on understanding，In addition，Memory and internalization of pattern recognition results should be further promoted through meaning-focused production exercises。Of course，As for what difficulty of auditory mode input is suitable for learners at different stages，Foreign bet365 Play online games teachers need to continue to explore through teaching practice。Anyway，In foreign bet365 Play online games teaching in my country，Visual and auditory input modalities should be integrated organically、Dynamic combination，And target foreign bet365 Play online games teaching goals at different stages，Set the input ratio of the two reasonably，At the same time, supplemented by various forms of meaning-focused exercises，On the one hand, it promotes the gradual transformation of explicit grammatical knowledge into implicit grammatical knowledge，On the other hand, the transition from receptive tacit knowledge to productive tacit knowledge，Thus improving learners’ comprehensive ability to use foreign languages。

　　(bet365 Play online games article was funded by Jiangsu Province’s “Qinglan Project” project (Su Teacher [2017] No. 15))

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 Play online games Languages, Taizhou University)