Today's society，Cooperation has become the decisive factor in the future process and development prospects of human beings。From the perspective of the relationship between human beings and nature，Climate change globally、Environment worsening、Resource exhaustion and other issues have arrived at the face of only human beings、Collective action、Collective action，It is possible to find the situation of effective response strategies; from the perspective of different levels and types of intricate relationships within the human beings，Internet -based globalization and the arrival of the age of flatization，Makes the space of human activities larger and larger，The scope of participating in competition and cooperation is becoming more and more wide，But it is more and more interdependent and dependent。This makes cooperation the only and inevitable choice。

But，Human development screens derived from traditional biology based on survival and reproduction competition，Human activity screens that are outlined by the premise of economics by economics，The requirements of the future development of the human society above are incompatible。Various kinds of individual competition based on these theories、Public choice、Theory of collective action，Even if it is not wrong，At least it has encountered difficulties that cannot explain and solve many practical problems in contemporary society。Not human society has encountered these theories, the so -called "collective action dilemma" or "social dilemma"，Instead, these theories have encountered difficulties that cannot explain and solve social reality problems。

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It is in this context，2005，A chance of the 125th anniversary of the innovation，"Science" magazine invites top experts in different disciplines in the world to propose 125 scientific problems of "driving basic science research and determining bet365 Play online games future scientific research directions"，The question of "How to evolve and maintains human cooperation" is determined to be one of the 25 "major issues" among them。For more than ten years since then，Around this question，Scientists in different disciplines have carried out effective research，achieved fruitful results，It has set off a wave of research on human cooperation。Research team represented by Martin Novak's achievements is particularly attractive，Its basic views are reflected in the book "Super Cooperators" and a series of articles in recent years。They from biology、Anthology of anthropology，Cooperation is a kind of super capability possessed by high animals such as human beings，It is the product of human evolution and development，It is also the motivation and mechanism of human future progress and development，Called "Third Evolution Principles" other than "mutation and selection"，Choose with kinship、Direct reciprocity、indirect reciprocity、Space Game、Group selection five mechanisms explain the principle of human cooperation。This kind of optimistic human cooperation picture derived from the principle of natural selection and the "Steel Steam Selection depicted by Darwin，Survival of the fittest "is very different。But，Because of its ideal picture of human cooperation, it is still found to be on the abstract human nature hypothesis，instead of rooted in the soil of reality，So the law of human cooperation in real world cannot be truly revealed，It can not provide a practical solution for cracking the dilemma of human cooperation。

　　Limited Performance Cooperation Outlook

Limited rational cooperation concept is a theoretical attempt to extend the issue of limited rational thoughts and research results of contemporary psychology，Specifically includes the following three basic points。First，Human is a high -grade animal for human nature and rational interaction，Therefore, it is also a battlefield for human and rational competition。In real cooperation situation，Human desire to weaken the power of rationality，The force of rational restraints human desire。The desire of human nature Bet365 app download has the division of good and evil，Whether the desire of good and evil，May weaken the force of rationality，Power of rationality may both suppress evil，It may also suppress good。Two forces interaction and restrictions，shaped limited rational collaborators in the real world。2，Limited reason is the prerequisite for human cooperation。People are rational，It will not work out of pure selfish desire as the evolution theory is assumed; human rationality is limited，It will not be based on calculation as described as described by the game theory of economics without cooperation。Absolutely rational self -interest brings Nash -based non -cooperative behavior，Freedom of selfishness will only bring violence and turmoil，Limited reason is the cornerstone of human cooperation。third，Limited rational shaping people based on individual、Environmental and social clues and its joint decision -making rules for cooperation decisions。In real cooperation situation，People take experience -based、Intuition、Emotional response、Simple inspiration rules for social specifications and customs make decisions。These inspiration rules have their deep cognitive foundations and mechanisms，Only understand its potential cognitive laws，It is possible to portray the real picture of human cooperation behavior，Establishing instructions、Explanation、Predict the theoretical model with strong integration of human cooperation。This view and theoretical model have completely different assumptions and foundations from existing views and theoretical models，A new countermeasures and solutions that can derive the dilemma of human cooperation。

　　Evidence based on individual, environment, and social and cultural factors

Limited rational cooperation concept laid the theoretical basis for discussing the problem of inspiration of cooperation，Cooperation inspiration provides a lively example for limited rational cooperation concept。We from individual、Environment and social and cultural factors，I have accumulated rich evidence for the limited rational cooperation view。One is evidence from individual factors。Pain Bet365 lotto review and its sharing to promote cooperation; embarrassment than no obvious emotions show more cooperation behavior; gratitude and guilt promote cooperation，Angry to suppress cooperation; the level of cooperation of individuals in different achievements of achievement is: the motivation high & gt; low achievement motivation is low & gt; & Gt; masculine & gt; unlimized。These findings indicate，Even in a similar cooperation situation，Individuals will still show different levels of cooperation。We think，This is not an individual recognizing its own characteristics and intentionally increased or reduced cooperation.，But naturally happened，It can be called "Following the Personal Cooperation Inspiration"。Second, evidence from environmental factors。People are more cooperative under time urgency; watching natural videos is more cooperative after watching building videos; mutual benefit and compliance with scenarios to promote cooperation behavior，The effect of reciprocity is greater than the effect of obedience;。Obviously，People's rationality is far from reaching the level of cooperative decision -making that can be reasonably made by the external environmental impact，and often unconsciously adopt simple rules based on environmental clues to make decisions，We collectively refer to this type of inspiration as "inspiration from time to time"。Third is evidence from social and cultural factors。① Self -others' relationships。Individuals are more willing to be similar to experience、Psychological distance cooperation with closer psychological distance; social exclusion weakens cooperation; individuals are more inclined to cooperate with the object of upward; the transmission of positive reputation information for others is more cooperative than spreading the passive reputation information of others; Those who have been propagated by others are more cooperative for information information;。② Information from other people's behavior。People are more willing to cooperate with those who show their happiness instead of anger and neutral emoticons; people can identify Gaomajviist Bet365 lotto review and low Makiavillers through photos，And more willing to cooperate with the latter。③ Group factors。People have more cooperative behaviors for members of the group。Research evidence indicates，Compared to individual and environmental factors，People are more sensitive to social information from others，The change of cooperation behavior is greater、stronger，We call this phenomenon "Social Outstanding Effect"。Such simple decision -making rules can be collectively referred to as "inspiration of cooperation from person to person"。

　　Cooperation in the world: Future -oriented choice

The world today is full of uncertainty，Human beings face the environment、Technology、Society、Crisis、Challenges in many aspects of psychology，Need to work together，Severe problems，Hug the change of change。Limited rational cooperation view restores the real picture of human cooperation，The laws of human cooperation it revealed to the dilemma of human cooperation，Copy climate change、Environment worsening、Human development problems brought about by the exhaustion of resources，For the country、Between different interest groups、Finding the way of effective cooperation between organization and organization，Seek common benefits，For problems encountered in the process of reform and development in my country，Both have important policy orientation and application promotion value，and bring us the following points of revelation。

First，Strengthening limited rational view education among leading cadres at all levels，Cultivate limited rational consciousness。Anyone's rationality is limited，Therefore, we should advocate not superstitious，Do not blindly obey other people's truth -seeking style。If it is a party's leading cadre，Then you should believe in the masses，Rely on the masses。Recent research indicates，Awe Fei can inhibit the inflating psychology of "big ego"，to generate more pro -social behavior。So，Strengthen the education of limited rational view among party members and cadres，Cultivate limited rational consciousness，bet365 best casino games Help it develop awe -hearted heart，Keep a sober mind at all times，Prevent corruption and power abuse，Serving the people wholeheartedly。2，Carry out legitimate education in accordance with various organizations at all levels。Organizational goals determine、Organizational strategic plan、Organic culture construction and even management strategy selection issues，Limited rationality means that we must seek truth and pragmatic，Adactions to local conditions，Alone with the times。Any blind arrogance、Actions that do not follow the laws of the market will be punished。On the issue of dealing with other enterprises or organizations，It should be legally legal，Develop an orderly in accordance with the business rules and rules、Healthy competition。third，In public management、Implementing a flexible system in social governance，Meeting the degree of relaxation。Limited Performance Cooperation Observatory For the country and the government how to understand itself and other countries and understand and handle international relations，Improve public management、Social governance and even the level of global governance，It has important practical guidance significance。The world today is based on the globalization and flat world of the Internet，The relationship between the country is getting closer，No country can seek independent development in ignoring other countries，Cooperation and win -win is the only choice。fourth，Perseverely practicing the concept of "green water and green mountains are the golden mountains and silver mountains"，Accelerate the construction of ecological civilization。Limited rational cooperation view of how humans understand themselves and nature and understand the relationship between man and nature，It has obvious enlightenment significance。People and nature are the community of life，Human beings must respect nature、Conform to nature and protect nature。Any disregard of natural rules、Blind entrustment、Monois is the irrational behavior of the picture. In the end, it will be affected by human beings。In this sense，Human is Bet365 lotto review developing technology、In the process of benefiting humans，It must also prevent excessive development risks that violate nature (including human life) and ecological laws，Artificial intelligence and brain resource development plan as the hot issue of science and technology development today is no exception。

(This study has obtained the State Social Science Fund's major project "Study on the Study of Human Cooperation: Cognitive Perspective" (15zdb121) funding

(Author Unit: School of Psychology and Cognition of East China Normal University)