Today’s society，Cooperation has become a decisive factor in the future process and development prospects of mankind。From the perspective of the relationship between humans and nature，Climate change on a global scale、Environmental deterioration、Problems such as resource depletion have reached a stage that only mankind can face together、Work together、Collective Action，A situation where it is possible to find effective countermeasures；From the perspective of the intricate relationships at different levels and types within bet365 ohio promo code beings，The arrival of the era of network-based globalization and flattening，Enlarging the space for bet365 ohio promo code activities，The scope of competition and cooperation is getting wider and wider，But they are increasingly interdependent and dependent。This makes cooperation the only and inevitable choice。

However，The picture of bet365 ohio promo code development deduced by traditional biology based on the competition for survival and reproduction，And the picture of bet365 ohio promo code activities outlined by economics based on the assumption of rational economic man，Incompatible with the above-mentioned requirements for the future development of bet365 ohio promo code society。Various kinds of individual competition based on these theories、Public Choice、Theory of collective action，Even if it is not wrong，At least we have encountered the dilemma of being unable to explain and solve many practical problems in contemporary society。It is not that bet365 ohio promo code society has encountered what these theories call the "collective action dilemma" or "social dilemma"，But these theories encounter the dilemma of being unable to explain and solve social reality problems。

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It is in this context，2005，Taking the opportunity of the 125th anniversary of the publication，Science magazine invited top experts from different disciplines around the world to propose 125 scientific problems that "drive basic scientific research and determine the direction of future scientific research"，The question of "how bet365 ohio promo code evolves and is maintained" was identified as one of the 25 "big questions"。More than ten years since then，Around this issue，Scientists in different disciplines have carried out fruitful research，Achieved fruitful results，Set off an upsurge in research on bet365 ohio promo code。The achievements of the research team represented by Martin Nowak are particularly eye-catching，The basic ideas are reflected in the book "Super Collaborator" and a series of articles in recent years。They come from biology、Anthropological perspective，Cooperation is a super ability possessed by higher animals like humans，It is both a product of human evolution and development，It is also the driving force and mechanism for human progress and development in the future，Call it the “third principle of evolution” besides “mutation and selection”，And use kinship selection、Direct reciprocity、Indirect reciprocity、Space Game、Five mechanisms of group selection illustrate the principles of human cooperation。This optimistic picture of human cooperation based on the principle of natural selection is consistent with the "natural selection" described by Darwin，The pessimistic picture of "survival of the fittest" is completely different。However，Because its ideal picture of human cooperation is still based on abstract assumptions about human nature，Instead of being rooted in the soil of reality，So it is impossible to truly reveal the laws of human cooperation in the real world，It cannot provide practical solutions to solve the dilemma of human cooperation。

　　Bounded rationality concept of bet365 ohio promo code

The concept of bounded rationality cooperation is a theoretical attempt to extend the bounded rationality thoughts and research results of contemporary psychology to the problem of human cooperation，Contains the following three basic views。First，Human beings are advanced animals in which human nature and rationality interact，Therefore, it is also the battlefield where human nature and rationality compete。In real cooperation situations，Human desire weakens the power of reason，The power of reason suppresses human desire。Human desires are divided into good and evil，Desires for good and evil，All may weaken the power of reason，And the power of reason can also suppress evil，It may also inhibit good。The interaction and restriction of two forces，Shaping the bounded rationality of collaborators in the real world。Second，Bounded rationality is the prerequisite for human cooperation。People are rational，Won’t cooperate out of pure selfish desires as the theory of evolution assumes；Human rationality is limited，Nor will they be as calculating and uncooperative as described in economics game theory。Absolutely rational self-interest leads to non-cooperative behavior based on Nash equilibrium，Irrational selfishness will only bring violence and chaos，Bounded rationality is the cornerstone of bet365 ohio promo code。Third，Bounded rationality shapes people based on individuals、Heuristic rules for cooperative decision-making through environmental and social cues and their connections。In real cooperation situations，People take actions based on experience、Intuition、Emotional reaction、Simple heuristic rules for making decisions based on social norms and customs。These heuristic rules have their deep cognitive basis and mechanism，Only by clarifying its underlying cognitive rules，It is possible to portray a true picture of bet365 ohio promo code，Creation instructions、Explanation、A more integrated theoretical model for predicting bet365 ohio promo code。This perspective and theoretical model has completely different assumptions and foundations from existing perspectives and theoretical models，Can derive new strategies and plans to solve the dilemma of human cooperation。

　　Evidence bet365 ohio promo code individual, environmental and socio-cultural factors

The bounded rationality view of bet365 ohio promo code lays a theoretical foundation for exploring bet365 ohio promo code heuristic issues，The bet365 ohio promo code heuristic provides a vivid example of the limited rationality view of bet365 ohio promo code。We start from individuals、Three aspects of environmental and socio-cultural factors，Accumulated abundant evidence for the limited rationality view of bet365 ohio promo code。First, evidence from individual factors。Pain and its sharing promote cooperative behavior；Embarrassment shows more cooperative behavior than no obvious emotion；Gratitude and guilt promote bet365 ohio promo code，And anger inhibits bet365 ohio promo code；The bet365 ohio promo code levels of individuals with different levels of achievement motivation are: high achievement motivationLow achievement motivationMedium achievement motivation；The bet365 ohio promo code levels of the four gender role types are: androgynyFemininemasculineUndifferentiated。These findings suggest，Even in similar bet365 ohio promo code situations，Individuals will still show different levels of bet365 ohio promo code。We think，This is not because individuals recognize their own characteristics and intentionally increase or decrease cooperative behavior，It happens naturally，Can be called "the bet365 ohio promo code heuristic that follows one's own nature"。The second is evidence from environmental factors。People are more cooperative under time constraints；More cooperative after watching nature videos than after watching architecture videos；Both reciprocity and compliance scenarios promote cooperative behavior，The effect of reciprocity is greater than the effect of compliance；Distributive and procedural fairness promote cooperative behavior。Obviously，People’s rationality is far from reaching the level where they can ignore the influence of the external environment and make reasonable cooperative decisions，And often unconsciously use simple rules based on environmental cues to make decisions，We collectively refer to this type of heuristics as "time- and place-specific heuristics"。The third is evidence from social and cultural factors。①Self-other relationship factors。Individuals prefer to have similar experiences、Those with a closer psychological distance cooperate；Social exclusion weakens cooperative behavior；Individuals are more inclined to cooperate with upward comparison objects；Those who spread positive reputational information about others are more cooperative than those who spread negative reputational information about others；Those who are disseminated with negative reputational information by others are more cooperative than those who are disseminated with positive reputational information by others；Those who receive negative reputation information from others are more cooperative than those who receive positive reputation information from others。②Information from the behavior of others。People are more willing to cooperate with people who show happy expressions than those who show angry and neutral expressions；People can identify high and low Machiavellians from photos，And prefer to cooperate with the latter。③Group factors。People behave more cooperatively toward ingroup members。Research evidence shows，Relative to individual and environmental factors，People are more sensitive to social information from others，Greater changes in cooperative behavior、Stronger，We call this phenomenon the "social dominance effect"。Such simple decision rules can be collectively referred to as "person-specific bet365 ohio promo code heuristics"。

　　bet365 ohio promo code in a Changing World: Options for the Future

Today’s world is full of uncertainties，Human beings face the environment、Technology、Society、Crisis、Psychological challenges in many aspects，Need to work together，Overcome difficulties，Embracing a changing world。The limited rationality view of cooperation restores the true picture of bet365 ohio promo code，The laws of bet365 ohio promo code revealed are crucial to solving the dilemma of human cooperation，Coping with climate change、Environmental deterioration、Global human development problems caused by resource depletion，For between countries、Between different interest groups、Finding effective ways of cooperation between organizations，Seeking common welfare，To solve the problems encountered in the process of reform and development in our country，Both have important policy guidance and application promotion value，And brings us the following inspirations。

1st，Strengthen the education of limited rationality among leading cadres at all levels and types，Cultivation of limited rationality consciousness。Everyone’s rationality is limited，Therefore we should advocate not being superstitious about ourselves，Don’t blindly follow other people’s pragmatic style。If you are a leading cadre of the party，You should trust the masses even more，Rely on the masses。Recent research shows，A sense of awe can restrain the expansion of the "big self"，Thus producing more prosocial behavior。Therefore，Strengthen the education of limited rationality among party members and cadres，Cultivation of limited rationality consciousness，Help them develop a sense of awe，Keep a clear head at all times，Prevent corruption and abuse of power，Serve the people wholeheartedly。Second，Carry out legal education in various organizations at all levels。Determining organizational goals、Organizational strategic planning、On the issue of organizational culture construction and even the selection of management strategies，Bounded rationality means that we must seek truth and be pragmatic，Adapt measures to local conditions，Advancing with the times。Any blind arrogance、Any behavior that does not follow market rules will be punished。In dealing with relationships with other businesses or organizations，It should be done in compliance with regulations and laws，Carry out orderly activities in accordance with business laws and regulations、Healthy competition。Third，In Public Administration、Promote flexible systems in social governance，Be relaxed and relaxed。The concept of bounded rational cooperation has important implications for how countries and governments understand themselves and other countries and understand and handle international relations，Improving public administration、The level of social governance and even global governance，It has important practical significance。Today’s world is a globalized and flat world based on the Internet，The relationship between countries is getting closer，No country can ignore other countries and seek independent development，Win-win cooperation is the only choice。Fourth，Persistently practice the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets"，Accelerate the construction of ecological civilization。The concept of limited rationality and cooperation has important implications for how humans understand themselves and nature and how to understand and deal with the relationship between humans and nature，Obviously revealing。Man and nature are a community of life，bet365 ohio promo code beings must respect nature、Follow nature and protect nature。Anyone who ignores the laws of nature、Blindly trusting the big ones、Irrational behavior based on profit will eventually harm bet365 ohio promo code beings。In this sense，bet365 ohio promo code beings are developing technology、In the process of benefiting mankind，We must also guard against the risk of over-development that violates the laws of nature (including bet365 ohio promo code life) and ecology，Artificial intelligence and brain resource development plans, which are hot issues in today’s scientific and technological development, are no exception。

(This research was funded by the National Social Science Foundation’s major project “Research on Frontier Issues in bet365 ohio promo code: A Cognitive Perspective” (15ZDB121)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Psychology and bet365 ohio promo code Sciences, East China Normal University)