The contradictions and conflicts of moral judgment are affecting social harmony、Important factors for social cooperation，Comprehensive and in -depth understanding of the contradictions and conflicts of moral judgment help help more effective moral education，Create a harmonious social atmosphere。

Piaget is a pioneer of moral judgment research。When studying children's games，Piajie noticed that the girl's attitude towards game rules is more pragmatic than boys，They are more tolerant，It is easier to solve the debate between companions，Formulate a new conflict resolution strategy。Freud believes that there are different superors in men and women，And this is the end of the Oedipus complex through the recognition of same -sex parents。Women's supense is considered not so strict，Because the women’s supense comes from an uninterrupted process with the mother's identity，Its emotional source has a deeper connection with its less strict essence。

Then Korberg expanded Piajie's theory to adulthood，He assumes that there are three unchanged levels in moral judgment -the pre -custom level、Customs level、Post -custom level。There are two different stages of each level，There are six stages in total。Corberg pointed out that women have a strong interpersonal bias in moral judgment，At the same time, it is pointed out that women have encountered difficulties during the transition from stage 3 (targeted stage of interpersonal coordination) to stage bet365 Play online games 4 (moral orientation in order to maintain authority or order)。Phase 3 is the mode of women's modal stage，It is characterized by the desire to maintain the relationship and satisfy the expectations of others。On the contrary，Men's modal stage realize the lack of this moral view，and continue to go to a higher stage。

Geelygen examines the limitations of Corberg's gender bias theory。According to her statement，Korberg's starting point is wrong，She questioned that his original experimental participants were men，Therefore, the subsequent stage reflects the development stage of male morality，Is a male bias，It is also a result of atypical development。Geelygen proposed a different theory of gender differences，and proposed two moral judgment orientation modes: women are more inclined to adopt a caring and responsibility -based moral judgment orientation; and in men, a moral judgment orientation based on fair behavior。Geelygen theoretical theoretical of the two models of moral judgment: care and justice。Care for women's performance，Its feature is to maintain the relationship、Other people's needs and responsibility as a non -violent moral principle; the righteous orientation of men in men，It is characterized by a typical fair principle of traditional moral judgment。

When explaining the difference between "care" and "justice"，Geely root focuses on the role of self -concept。She thinks，The gender difference in morality originated from two different identification experiences，Different ways to define yourself and others。that is, the care of women's care derived from the associated self-confpt，Bet365 lotto review Men's justice derived from the separation of self-confpt。In order to describe the concept of related self -concepts and separate self -concepts，Geelygen uses psychoanalytic development theory to explain the differences between women and men。Specifically，The attachment experience is different among men and women。For men，The two more important factors that are more important for the development of male temperament from mothers and personalization are interconnected。For women，Identification does not depend on the process of separation or personalization with the mother。Therefore，Male temperament is separated and defined，And female temperament is defined: male gender identity is threatened by intimate relationship，And the gender identity of women is threatened by isolated。The experience of attachment may be confirmed during adolescence: men tend to solve social psychological crisis through separation and transcendence of themselves，And women tend to realize identity identity through the connection and attachment of themselves with others。These self -constructive experiences have led to the connection between moral judgment orientation and gender。

But，Subsequent research does not support the theory of gender differences in Geelyen。Geelygen emphasized that it is precisely because of the different self -concepts between men and women that the care of women in moral judgment，The righteous orientation of men in moral judgment。Women's description of themselves is guided by interpersonal relationships，More open to others，and men are more inclined to talk about themselves Bet365 lotto review from self -centered perspectives，More independent。But the researcher found，The self -concept of men and women is indeed different，and this difference does not affect the moral development of men and women。We can also find care in women and men -responsibility、Respect for others、Care about others，and the aspect of justice -a value system，About rights and rules, etc.。Jaffee and HIDE's gender differences on caring for moral judgment、Gender differences of justice and moral judgment，and various arguments without gender differences for meta -analysis，The result did not use the care of care for women，The initiative of justice is mainly used by men "provides evidence support。The theory of gender differences has led to the study of predictive factors of gender as a "cross -rail" behavior and psychiatric abnormalities，The latter is regarded as a disorder of moral ability。Geely Gen's theory is actually affected by her own specific historical and cultural period，Women did not speak in that period，and her research gives women a chance to express their views。

Although there is a difference in the point of difference in individual individuals in different gender judgment orientation, there is still controversy，But some experimental studies have indeed discovered the existence of gender differences in moral judgment。Researchers believe that it is not self -concept，Instead of deep -seated emotional differences between gender, it will affect moral judgment。Research on a large number of traditional moral dilemma paradigms，When the income that hurts others is greater than the cost (such as hurting a person can save bet365 Play online games more people)，Men are more morally acceptable than women who think that harming others，and women think more about harming others than men are morally unacceptable。Researchers believe that these results indicate，In moral judgment，Men show a stronger utilitarian tendency than women，and women show a stronger moral theory than men。Compared with men，Women are usually not willing to cause damage to maximize the overall interests (such as killing and crying babies to prevent the massacre)。

In recent years, researchers have adopted the method of polynomial modeling in moral judgment (CNI model)，Calculate the sensitivity of different tests of the results of the test of the dilemma of morality、sensitivity to moral norms，and behavioral reaction preference，View more accurately explaining the response of individuals in the dilemma of morality。As a result, I found，Women's moral norms sensitivity (n parameters) and non -action preferences (i parameters) are significantly greater than men，But there is no significant difference in the sensitivity (C parameter)。That is to say，Women's strong moral theory tendency may come from that they are more sensitive than men's moral norms，Even more disgusting to take action。

Study on brain function imaging also found，When watching a picture that violates moral norms (such as the robber is threatening the victim with a dagger)，Women activated brain areas related to dislike stimulation processing (such as brain island) than men (such as brain island) than men。First，The gender difference between the sensitivity of moral norms may come from the gender differences in neuro endocrine。For Bet365 app download example，Research Discovery，Individual moral sensitivity with high intimated testosterone levels is low，and women's endogenous testosterone level is significantly lower than men，testosterone is a hormone that increases the willingness of damage in the predicament of general behavior activation and sacrificing moral dilemma。Therefore，testosterone may be one of the neurological endocrine foundations with sensitivity differences in moral norms。Another，Large studies indicate，Compared with men，Women score higher on their empathy，There is a stronger emotional response。Emotional reaction is related to morality tendencies。Next，Gender differences without action preferences may originate from cultural value and social expectations。Gender stereotypes in cultural traditions may affect the character distribution of the division of labor to a certain extent，If men are often guided until they need to be actively active、Among the dynamic characters。Men will also get more rewards for active behavior，These behaviors can improve their social status。and women are often guided into those more passive characters，This also allows women to avoid direct damage for the consideration of characters。At the same time，The pressure of social expectations is huge，For women，Violation of these expectations often requires a certain price，This may cause women to submit to the traditional gender character division，This may cause women to submit to the traditional gender character division，Further leading women to tend to be cautious (without action) and compliance with moral norms in decision -making，Especially when action will cause damage，Especially for this。

bet365 best casino games (Author Unit: School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University)