1985，Discovery of the Zuojiashan site of Jilin Nong'an，Early important archeological materials that have been clearly unearthed，Discoverer Chen Quanjia、Zhao Binfu in the "Installation of the New Stone Times of Zuojiashan and the Edition Sequence of the Related Cultural Care" ("Archeology", No. 3, 1990)，Analysis of the types of types of pottery based on layer relationships and types of typical pottery，Divided the relics unearthed from the Zuojiashan site into three phases and four segments。After the changes in the shape of the pottery and decoration，Combined with the results of the annual measurement and the comparison of archeological culture in the same period as the surrounding areas，For the first time, "Zuojiashan lower -level culture" and "upper level of Zuojiashan"。This is a milestone for the study of the Neolstories of the Xinsonghua River Basin in the West Streaming Songhua River Basin。

The lower floor of Zuojiashan、Name after the upper -level culture，The academic community began to realize that due to the small excavation area of ​​various sites in the past，The exposed relics are mainly based on sporadic rooms、Gray pit and other relics are mainly，Research on this archeological culture still has a loop。Therefore，After 2000，Archaeological Research on the Neolithic Research of the Songhua River Basin in the West Fluria，Start to turn to settlement of settlement archeology，Multi -disciplinary participation，Focus on revealing the settlement form contained in the Archaeological culture of this area in this area、Survival environment、Methods of life、Funeral customs and other studies。

The site of Wutai Mountain is located in the downstream of the Songhua River Basin West，Located on the west bank of Polo Lake, Nong'an County, Changchun City，It contains the Neolithic era、The settlement site of the two periods of the bronze era，This site became a national key cultural relics protection unit。In view of the important academic value of the site，2017-2018，Jilin Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology and Changchun Museum launched a two -year active archeological excavation for the site。

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A survey of the west bank of the Lake Polo bet365 live casino games Lake，It is found that there are 5 places in the same period of the same period。Comprehensive preliminary archeological work，Finally, the location of the Wutai Mountain site and the location of the Xingshushan site were carried out for archeological excavation。The site of the Wutai Mountain site excavated a total of 1,500 square meters in two years，Discover the gray pit、Tomb and room address and other types of relics 94，Among them, 16 seats、74 ash pit、3 ashgou and 1 room burial，Extracted rich pottery、Stoneware、Jade and bone corners and other relics。

Analysis of the unearthed relics，The site of the Wutai Mountain site is a large settlement site containing the new stone and bronze during the two periods，The most abundant relics in the Neolithic era。In the ruins found，All room address、Grayglms and tombs and 59 gray pits belong to the Neolithic Age。These discoveries provide new archeological information for the Xinsoli Times settlement archeology in the West Streaming Songhua River Basin and the surrounding areas。It is also found to be about 70 meters long at the west side of the Wutai Mountain site.、Troupe running through the north and south of Taishi，The Neolithic Times relics discovered all in the east of the trench，The trench should have the nature of the border。

Comprehensive statistical discovery of the pottery unearthed from the site of the Wutai Mountain site，Pottery can be divided into two groups。Among them, the first group of pottery slices accounts for 98%of the total number of pottery slices，belonging to the Neolithic Age relics，The richest among the Wutai Mountain site，Ceramics is mainly used for fine sand, chrysanthemum，The texture is harder，Twoin tube cans as community，Applytering to the geometric sedimentation line pattern。Through comparative analysis，We believe that the New Stone Age relics of the Wutai Mountain site belong to the middle relic of the middle culture of the lower level of Zuojiashan。The second group of pottery accounts for about 1%of the total number of pottery films，belonging to the relics of the Bronze Age，The remaining 1%pottery pieces are more fine，Not statistically significant。

The excavation area of ​​the site of Xingshushan is small，But the exposed relics are more abundant。The ruins discovered are all open at ②，Display 2 ash pit、4 and 2 rooms for tombs。The pottery unearthed at the site of Xingshushan site is found in Nong'an Zuojiashan、00、Dongfeng West Section bet365 Play online games Liangshan、Changchun waist red mouth and Beihongzuizi and other sites，From the comparison of tube -shaped cans and decorations，The relics exposed at the site of Xingshu Mountain and the second phase of relics excavated by Nong'an Zuojiashan in 1985、宝 宝、Liangshan Phase 1、The second group of the red mouth of the waist and the Northern Hongzuizi Shinkishi Times relics the closest，According to existing research，These relics belong to the late cultural relics of the lower level of the left of Zuojiashan。

The Beta Laboratory in the United States conducted carbon fourteen measures on the four tombs discovered by the Xingshushan site，Several tombs passed by the tree wheel correction from 3657 BC to 3519 BC。Therefore，From the perspective of the absolute age or from the connotation，The site of Xingshushan belongs to the late relics of the lower level of the left of Zuojiashan。

　　Settlement layout

Archeological exploration，The location of the Wutai Mountain site confirms a total of 36 places at the Neolithic Times room，16 places for archeological excavation，All belong to the lower level of Zuojiashan，For the first time in the West Stream Songhua River Basin, the number of new stone instruments was found in the house。The location of the room is a rounded square -shaped half -hole type，Extremely distributed in the center of the center of Taiwan，Gate Road Chao to the center of the platform。The west side of the site may be built with edges。

Wanshan site Zuojiashan lower -level cultural period of the ring -shaped settlement layout，It is rare in the Neolithic era，The ancestors of Wutai Mountain make full use of the terrain and terrain where the site is located，A complete plan for the construction of the village。In addition to considering the effective management of the clan tribe, this plan，It has also fully considered the local geographical environment、Climate conditions and convenience of daily production and life。

　　Survival environment

Polo Lake is the largest natural lake in Nong'an County，The only large natural wetland in the province of Jilin。Stable geological structure near the Wutai Mountain site since the new world，Landform pattern has not changed greatly，Polo Lake Basin has not changed。Polo Lake as the source of survival as the ancestor of the Wutai Mountain site，Its hydrological conditions profoundly affect the production and life of the ancestors of Wutai Mountain。

Based，Polo Lake, located in the temperate seasons climate area, is deeply bet365 best casino games affected by precipitation in the new world。At the 7324Calyr BP -5555CALYR BP, the climate of the Wutai Mountain site is warm and humid，The average annual precipitation is 615 mm，belonging to the typical forest grassland environment，The wet climate makes a lot of lakes formed in the low outerity of the Songnen Plain，At this time, Polo Lake is also in the stage with the highest water level，The area can reach 155-200 square kilometers，water depth 10-15 meters，A large number of swamp wetlands are formed in the low terrain of the northern part of the lake，Growing a lot of reeds、Tugu and other water plants，Low -forming mud wetland formed from lower terrain on the east bank，Only the ups and downs of the west of the lake，No mud beaches formed on the shore of the lake。

For moisture preventing and easy to dry the fish，The ancestors of Wutai Mountain have to overcome the height difference of more than 60 meters，Build a house in the Taiwan West Bank of Wutai。In the warm and humid environment, a large forest with broad -leaved trees grows，Provided rich food resources and salary materials for the ancestors of Wutai Mountain。other，East in Lake Polo，Ao Baotu bubbles 500 meters on the west bank of Tu Gang, a neo -Stone Age Site on the Tu Gang -Yuan Pokogou Ruins。Animal skeletal carbon 14 meters unearthed in the site is 6140 ± 175calyr BP (JNBY H5)。Site altitude 200-210 meters，30-50 meters above the water surface。When the water level exceeds 180 meters，The low -lying parts on both sides of the north and south sides of the site have become a channel for communicating with Polo Lake and Eastern Yuanbao Bubble and Ao Bao Tu Bubble，The prehistoric prehistoric activity space of the Yuanpogou site will be limited。From this perspective，Polo Lake is the highest when the climate in the new world is the highest.，But the highest water level will not exceed 180 meters。

　　Botanical archeology

West Stream Songhua River Basin is in a zone gradually transitioning to the Songnen Plain，Most of the hills in the middle and upstream areas，The downstream areas are mainly river valleys，Land in the river network dense cloth，Lake Marsh vertical and horizontal，Small undulating terrain，Rich water resources and animal and plant resources，It is the ideal place of human beings。Plant archeological research at the Wutai Mountain site provides important basic information and clues for the change of plant resource utilization model and change of planting bet365 best casino games methods from the lower level culture of the Songhua River Basin in the West flowing.。

Scientific sampling and system floating，The Wutaishan site has obtained a richer carbonized plant relic。unearthed from millet and 黍，It shows that the local ancestors have begun to grow in the lower cultural period of Zuojiashan.、Crops represented by 黍。From the perspective of unearthed probability，Agricultural production has entered the northern drought agricultural system。Comparison analysis of the absolute quantity and unearthed probability of millet，The utilization rate of the local ancestors is higher than that of millet，Combined with the materials of the Northeast and other dry agricultural areas，The agriculture of the ancestors of the ancestors of the cultural ancestors in the lower level of the Zuojiashan of Wutai Mountain is still in the early stage of development。

In addition to unearthed crop seeds，Other plant seeds are unearthed in the site，such as 稗、Quinoa、acid model Ye Yan、Wild Soybean、Dog Tail、Ma Tang、cannabis、Earth skin、Hu Zhizi、Lala vine、Water spiny needle、牻 儿 苗、Perius、Huang Yan, etc.，Some plants such as 稗、Quinoa、Wild Soybean、Ma Tang、Perius, etc.，can be used as an important wild plant food source，It also indirectly shows that the supplement to collect as a way of life still exists。Annterial relics were found in the units of the lower level culture of Zuojiashan，Although the number of unearthed is limited，But it has once again confirmed the importance of marijuana in prehistoric society。

　　Animal Archeology

Animal species unearthed at the site of Wutai Mountain are mainly、獐、Pig、Dog、ring neck、freshwater fish、Freshwater Software Animals、Rodor、Dog、猞猁。The main meat sources of the ancestors in the site are mainly large and medium -sized mammals，Yixu Department、Aquatic animals supplemented。Only dogs are domestic animals，The rest are wild animals，Wildlife occupies the main position in the contribution of the ruins ancestor meat food。

Site the ancestors adopted the fishing and hunting industry mainly based on hunting and fishing。Wutaishan site animal bone weathess is lighter, but the degree of crushing is higher，and the surface of the bones has cut marks、Cut the trace、Barbecue marks and other series of artificial processing marks，It indicates that the bone is exposed on the surface for a long time and the ancestor'bet365 best casino games s use of animal bones is high，Processing animal relics has a certain level of professionalism。

Another，According to the type of wild animals, we can know，The ecological environment around the site is good、Rich wildlife resources，With forest、Grassland、River and other ecological landscapes，Suitable for human survival and residence。Research on this batch of materials helps understand the production and living conditions of the ancestors of the Patsuma River Basin in the middle of the neolithic period。

　　Physical Anthropology Research

Human bone specimen unearthed at the site of Xingshushan is the earliest human bone relic in the Neolithic period found in the Songhua River Basin of the West Stream。There are fewer individual bone individuals obtained due to this excavation，Save status average，At present, we can only get some superficial understanding。

According to the research results of human bone bone currently published，In the Neolithic era in the Northeast, there is Jilin Daan Houka Sites、Inner Mongolia Tongliao Haomin busy site、A total of 4 batches of human bone information for the newly opened stream site of the Mishan Mountain in Heilongjiang and the small river along the Aohan Banner in Inner Mongolia。The Time of the Fourth Phase of Mu Ga in the rear set is close to the Times of Wutai Mountain.，All belong to the late Neolithic era。

Research indicates，The cranial facial features of the ancient residents of the fourth phase are narrow.、Middle -orbital type and flat jaw type，and have a large facial flatness，Similar similarity with the residents of the ancient Northeast。Haimin busy haha ​​site is also late in the Neolithic era，High skull facial morphological characteristics reflected by the ancient residents of the Hammin Group，Researchers believe that its family should be the type of ancient northeast。

It can be determined at present，At least in the late Neolithic era，Ancient northeast types of ancient residents have been widely distributed in the Xiliao River、The lower reaches of the Nenjiang and Songhua River。Human bones unearthed from the Wutai Mountain site are poor，Broken disability in the skull site。After the laboratory combination and sort out，Although accurate measurement cannot be performed，But from these broken skulls, you can still observe some physical anthropology characteristics of the residents of the site。Generally speaking，Wutaishan male skull should belong to the high skull type，Bet365 lotto review Facial width and facial flatness is larger，The ancient Northeast type skull characteristics of ancient residents, which are widely distributed in the pre -Qin period of the northeast region of my country。

The Neolithic Times relics exposed by the Gutai Mountain site is significant，It provides important archeological materials for studying the Relationship of the New Stone Age Cultural Sequence and Spectrum of Xilihua River Basin,。Especially combined with unearthed relics，Archeology through animals and plants、Geographical Environment、Multi -disciplinary interdisciplinary research，To restore and rebuild the cultural settlement layout of the lower level of Zuojiashan、Social organization form and way of life provides multi -dimensional reference，Enriched the connotation of archeological culture in the lower level of Zuojiashan。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund project "Report on the Discovery Report of the Wutai Site of Nong'an County, Jilin Province" (22BKG006) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Changchun Museum)