Since the 1980s，The United Nations began to explore the plan and path of the reform of the human rights treaty system system，It played an important role in supervising and promoting human rights protection，But because of the low operating efficiency, it has been criticized by all parties for a long time。在这一背景下，The United Nations implemented and completed the "2020 Evaluation Plan"，The reform of the human rights treaty system has entered the "Common Promotion Process"。As General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the 20th report of the party，my country adheres to the road of human rights development in China，Promote the comprehensive development of human rights cause，While domestic human rights are better guaranteed，Also actively participate in global human rights governance，I have made important contributions in the reform of the UN Human Rights Treaty System。

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　　2014年，The UN General Assembly passed a resolution entitled "Strengthening and Enhance the Palentry of the Human Rights Treaty System" (resolution No. 68/268)，Requires the secretary general to submit a report to the conference every two years，Explain the current status of the human rights treaty system and the progress of reform。同时，This resolution requires the meeting to review the operating status of the human rights treaty system in 2020 and the effectiveness of reform measures，and make a decision on further action。The above measures together constitute the main content of the "2020 Evaluation Plan"，During this period。

　　首先，The number of approval of the human rights treaty bet365 Play online games and its negative letter continues to increase。"2020 Evaluation Plan" period，The total number of letters approved by the Contracting State and made a statement increased from 2190 to 2451 (the relevant data of this article came from the report of the Secretary -General of the United Nations on the Status of the System of Human Rights Agency)，Among them, the most increasing increase is concentrated in the approval letter of the appointment of the appointment and the authorization agency to consider the person with the personal document and investigation。This trend reflects the respect of the human rights treaty system in various countries.、Protection and promotion of the important role of human rights recognition and affirmation，But with the continuous increase of the number of parties to the contract，The workload of the treaty agency has also increased，This will further exacerbate the work backlog problem faced by the treaty for a long time。

　　其次，The performance of the reporting obligations of the State Party has improved。"2020 Evaluation Plan" period，通过简化报告程序、制定统一报告时间表、减轻缔约国报告义务、Strengthening the construction of the country's ability to party，The signing country that fully abides by the reporting obligations has increased from 25 (13%) to 38 (accounting for 19%)，The performance of the reporting obligations of the State Party has improved。Review of the state -owned state report is the main way for the treaty agency to perform the supervision function，Promoting the obligation to fulfill the report on time on time is positive for maintaining the effective operation of the treaty institution。

　　再次，The backlog of the State of the Contracting State relieved。"2020 Evaluation Plan" period，通过采取简化审议程序、bet365 best casino games 规定工作总量目标、Provide extra meeting time and other measures，The number of reports from the state of the backlog is reduced from 304 to 183 copies，Report the backlog problem to alleviate。But only 172 independent experts work in each treaty institution now，Each committee needs to review 2.6 reports per week。根据现行数据分析，在人力、resources such as material resources and meeting time are relatively limited，Report backlog problem cannot be fundamentally solved。

　　最后，The United Nations has adopted a perfect review procedure、健全管理系统、Provide measures such as manpower and material protection to cope with personal accumulation pressure，But the backlog of the personal document is still severe。"2020 Evaluation Plan" period，Personal articles in the backlog increased from 584 to 1587 copies。Due to the obvious insufficient resources，Treaty agencies to review the average speed of individuals is 23.4 copies per week，Each copy of each text is 10.5 weeks per text，Even if the treaty no longer collects new individuals，It still takes more than 6 years to clean up the backlog。

　　"2020 Evaluation Plan" exposed problems and causes

"2020 Evaluation Plan" period，Under the joint promotion of the stakeholders，Reform measures have achieved certain results，But also exposed the main problems that affect the effective operation of the human rights treaty system at this stage。

　　首先，Contracting countries do not perform the reporting obligations in time。Contracting countries do not perform the report of the reporting obligation in a timely manner，Since the establishment，其原因具有复杂性。其一，The performance of the reporting obligations of the contract requires a lot of manpower、物力资源，Insufficient reporting capabilities for parties to the country，Unable to fulfill the report bet365 Play online games obligations under each treaty，且部分报告内容重复、形式敷衍，Can't accurately reflect the performance of the contracting country。其二，Contracting countries are facing the United Nations Charter Mechanism、Treaty mechanism and multiple reporting obligations under regional mechanism，In the case of lack of coordination and cooperation between each mechanism，Some contracting countries are facing multiple report pressures，Choose the obligation to delay or not fulfill the report。

　　其次，The backlog of the work of the treaty still exists for a long time。近年来，The backlog of the State Party Report has been relieved，But the backlog of personal posts continues to increase。There are two main reasons for this phenomenon。其一，With the continuous development of the UN Human Rights Treaty System，Approval Treaty's Appointment of Proposal and Authorized Treaty Institutions to consider the number of countries with individuals will increase rapidly，The workload of each treaty agency has also increased significantly，Therefore, the backlog of work has been exacerbated。其二，Under the condition of a significant increase in workload，The United Nations did not equip the treaty institution with corresponding financial resources，且缔约国在人力、Fiscal issues such as material resources and conferences are difficult to reach consistent opinions，Makes the treaty lack of sufficient resources to fully carry out work。

　　最后，Lack of coordinated cooperation inside and outside the treaty institution system。就内部而言，Human Rights System as the overall as a whole，Work goals of each treaty institution、工作任务、The scope of work and working methods has a certain commonality。When lacking effective bet365 live casino games coordination and cooperation，There is a phenomenon of repeated reports of the contract and the treaty agencies repeatedly accepting the personal text，This not only aggravates the contractual obligations of the contract，It also occupied a limited review resource of the treaty institution。就外部而言，Human Rights Treaty Agency System also faces other human rights protection mechanisms in the United Nations，Especially the challenges brought by the regular regular review mechanism。When lacking effective coordination and cooperation，There is a overlapping scope of the working scope of other human rights protection mechanisms and the treaty agency，To a certain extent, the financial resources required by the treaty institution，and put forward new challenges to the effectiveness of the treaty institution。

　　The reform outlook of "common promotion process"

"2020 Evaluation Plan" is over，The United Nations appointed Moroccan and Swiss resident representatives as co -convener，I have launched an informal consultation with the stakeholders，It marks the opening of the "common promotion process"。Some suggestions in the process have been supported by the relevant UN resolutions，and Promoting the UN General Assembly's resolution entitled "Human Rights Treaty System" (resolution No. 75/174)。根据该决议，The Secretary -General of the United Nations released the fourth report on the "Status of the Human Rights Treaty System" in August 2022。对此，my country also submitted written opinions，Expressing the position and opinion of the reform process of the system of human rights treaty。

　　首先，Strengthening the application of digital information and communication technology。The stream of the new crown epidemic makes the human rights treaty system noticed，Strengthening the application of digital information and communication technology，Bet365 app download Can effectively improve the operating efficiency and transparency of the treaty institution，and strengthen the dialogue interaction between the parties。但在普及过程中，May face a technology gap、时区协调、Challenges of special needs such as network security and special needs of disabled people。对此，我国特别指出，Although the online mode is convenient，But what mode is used for dialogue，It should fully respect the opinions of the parties to the parties。因而，All parties agreed not to transfer all the work of the treaty to the Internet platform，Instead of online and offline hybrid mode，Ensure that on -site interaction is an important position in the work of the treaty institution。

　　其次，Improve the nomination standards and selection procedures of members of the treaty institution。Nomination and selection of members of the treaty institution shall take into account the fairness of regional allocation、Representatives of different cultural forms and main laws、性别构成的均衡性。我国对此表示同意，and propose the diversity of members' composition is important for the effective operation of the treaty institution，应继续加以坚持。This suggestion has been supported by the United Nations General Assembly。The UN General Assembly passed a resolution entitled "Fair Regional Allocation of Members of Members of Human Rights Treaty"，该决议明确建议，It should allocate membership seats in accordance with the proportion of contracting countries in various regions，This will change the situation of unbalanced regional distribution to a certain extent，Push the fair allocation of members of the treaty institution。

　　最后，Improving the participation of the stakeholders。国家人权机构、Civil Organizations and academic institutions bet365 Play online games such as stakeholders，在提供人权信息、Activity to improving the awareness of human rights and the implementation of the follow -up recommendations has all played an important role。通过加大技术投入、建立沟通平台、改善沟通渠道，Further promote the interaction between it with the treaty institution，helps to enhance the diversity and effectiveness of the treaty institution system。对此，my country emphasizes that treaty agencies have the responsibility to urge interests to follow the charter and other related rules，and adhere to the objective and fair position，Strict information and materials provided by strict identification of stakeholders，To ensure that it can play an orderly role in the operation of the treaty institution。

(Author Unit: School of Law of Qingdao University)