■ An Guo Kaiyuan Tongbao imitation of the coin author/confession

Sog is located between the Zelav Shan River Basin between the Alm and the Sir River，Isamarhan as the center。In the inscription of the rulers of the Achi Manide dynasty in the 6th century BC，SUG (U) DA) as one of the oriental provinces of the ancient Persian，Brotting the obligation to pay taxes and military service。In Western Classical Literature，This area is called "Sogdiana" (Sogdiana)。"Historical Records of the Biography of Da Wan" recorded "from the west to peace" and the "Hanshu · West Biography" recorded "North Road West Cross onion Ridge、Kangju、Cai Cai Yan "，The geographical range covered by the Geographical range actually implies the Sogt area。The "Li Yan" country recorded in "The Book of Hou Han · Western Regions" is the first introduction of Sogt's Sodci，But the word "Sog" was originally appeared in "The Biography of Wei Shu · Western Regions"，At the same time, I also introduced in detail the Kang Guo、The Sau special nations, including Anguo and Shi Guo, have sent out tribute to Chinese messengers。With the development of the Silk Road trade，People have a clearer understanding of Sog，Sog's referring to it is increasingly clear，The saying of "Zhaowu Nine" appeared。With the conquest of the Sogo area in the mid -8th century, the Arabs，Saute gradually incorporated into the Islamic cultural circle。Sau special civilization is an important part of the exchange of ancient Silk Road civilization，and Sogon coins are one of the most representative cultural symbols in Sogd bet365 live casino games civilization。It is the exchange and mutual learning of different civilizations，Created the unique coin language culture of the Sogt area and reflect the blend of the East and the West。

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Greek coin is the initial prototype of Sogdin。With the military conquest of the Greek -Macedonian people，Sogt directly or indirectly involved in the Greek world。From Alexander East to the mid -2nd century BC，Sog has always been under the rule and influence of the Greeks，This creates conditions for the spread of Greek culture。early 3rd century BC，Sogo's Kang Guo、An Guo and Shiguo, the King of the King of the Sailu ancient dynasty, Anjo I.、Greece -King Bacteria King Balite I coin and Alexander's large coins are prototypes，Mongur activity。Antouk I imitation Mint is positive on the front of the king，The back of the horse is the front half of the horse。Balds I imitation of the front of the king is the avatar of the king，The back is the sitting in Greece, Greece, Herrakles。Alexander's imitation coin is the front of the king，The back is the sitting Zeus or the standing Hehachax。

During the Yueyue -Guishuang Empire，Kangguo、Anguo and Shi Guo on the original basis，Ashtham coin、Hilkids coins and Fergharez coins。Ashtham coin is the front of the king's half body，Back is an archer。Hill Cordis Coin is the same as the ruler's half body，The back is holding a spear、Standing soldier statue，Both sides are vertical and parallel Greek letters or the front half of the horse。Fergharez coin is the head of the king，The back is the stand -in -standing Hercules and Greek letters。These three types of imitation coins are mainly silver coins，There is a Delakma、Ban Drackma and Opol three currencies，Hellaclers Bet365 lotto review still appear on the coin。

According to the inscription of Scharth Rustel's inscription of Nach, Rustein, it can be known，Around 260 AD，The Oriental territory of the Sasan Persian Empire reached the area of ​​Saute。Although the Sasan Persian Empire really ruled Sogt, there is still controversy，But the impact of Sasan Persian on Sogon coins is undeniable。Kang Guo appeared with coins with the prototype of the King of Burus I of Sasan Persia，The front is the avatar of the king，The back of the fire is the altar of fire。Aguo's Movak coins and Asba coins reflect the distinctive Iranian cultural characteristics，The front is the avatar of the king，The back of the fire is the altar of fire。Anguo Large Modeling Sasan Persian coin is the Bohara Hula Hadet coin with the prototype of the King Wakhlan V of Sashan Persian，The front is the avatar of the king，Back is the emblem or the altar of fire，Sug coins at this stage witnessed the influence of the Sasan Persian empire。

mid -7th century，The Tang Dynasty set up a detainee in the Saute area centered on Kang State，Sogdician countries have taken the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" circular square hole money as the prototype，Carrying out the coinage activity。Kangguo's early Chinese imitation currency text is "Kaiyuan Tongbao"，Back is the B -type emblem and βtyy，Later, it evolved to the front is the name and title of the king written by the Sogt letter，Back is a circular square hole money combined with the B -type emblem and other emblems。An Guo's Chinese -style imitation coin is positive as "Kaiyuan Tongbao"，Back is the emblem，After the front of Anguo's coin is the camel image，The back of the fire is the altar of fire。The front of the Chinese -style currency of the State of Shiguo is the statue of the king's half body，The back is the local emblem and the Sugut letter，But the square hole on bet365 Play online games the Chinese coin without casting。

　　Combination of foreign culture and local culture

From the Greek era to the middle of the Tang Dynasty，Sog coin borrowed two Mint in East and West，Overall experienced the Greek -style imitation coin、The evolution of Sasan Persian imitation of mint to Chinese -style imitation mint。The evolution of each type of coin is both inherited and changing，Even the same cultural factors also reflect different era marks。

The earliest three types of imitation coins adopted the production method and the Etica standard，Material is mainly silver coins，Greek letters，The value of the currency is four Delakma、One Draquema and Opul，Greek God Zeus and Hercules also appear on the coin，Overall，The category of Greek coins。Greek -style imitation coin shape、Zeus and Hercules and Greek letters are both reflected on the local impact on the local coin after the introduction of Greek culture，Da Yue's — The imitation coin of the Guishuang Empire still appeared in the name of Greek letters，Its Minting Method、Image、currency value and currency text have continued the characteristics of the previous Greek coins。But，Compared with the early Greek imitation coins，Da Yueshi — The coin image of the Guishuang Empire was gradually blurred，The coin becomes smaller，Light reduction，Greek letter deformation，It is even difficult to recognize。

From the 40th century to the early 7th century，Saute has been received by Samsannos one after another、The rule and influence of the dynasties such as 嚈 Da and Turks。The front of the coins belongs to the Y -type emblem，Continue to use it on the subsequent Chinese imitation coins，and eventually become a symbol of the Ehchid dynasty of the Kang State，It reflects the characteristics of local political changes bet365 best casino games and cultural continuity，This is exactly the cultural product of the Iranian civilization east and the westward movement to the westward movement to Sog。With Sogt and Tang Dynasty in politics、Economic and cultural exchanges are becoming increasingly close，Sogtic countries have imitated China's "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin，Mainly copper coins。Except "Kaiyuan Tongbao" appeared on the early Chinese imitation coins，Most Chinese -style coins are the names and titles of the king written by Sute letters。，The local emblem of the local representatives also appeared on the coins，and the symbols that indicate the symbols of the Teliastism and Nie Sitari。

The shape and specific information of the Sog coin，Reflects the deeper Greek、Iran、China、The influence of factors such as nomadic people and Sog。interaction between different civilizations produced a diverse coin culture，Eventually, the "East Suste" coin centered on Kangguo、The "West Sugs" coin centered on Anguo and the "South Sugs" coin centered on Shiguo。

　　Diverse civilization communication and integration

Sog's geographical location provides important guarantees for multicultural interaction。Early Sogt was the eastern edge area of ​​the ancient Persian Empire and the Greek world，It is the place where Zhang Jian is when the western region is in the western region。This kind of mutual behavior has triggered the communication between the East and West civilization in the Sogo area，Sog has gradually entered the central area of ​​civilized interaction from the edge world of the East and West。

Sogt's exchanges with different countries and nations have become an important way for the spread of multicultural elements。History Sog has experienced ancient Persian、Alexander Emperor and its inheritor、The ancients bet365 live casino games of the Cyrodiac dynasty、Greece -Bacteria Dynasty、Da Yueshi -Guishuang Empire、Sassas Patos、嚈 Da、Turkic、Tang Dynasty、Control or influence of the Arab Empire，Sogt failed to establish a unified central government。So，During the minting process，The regions of the region have always imitated the coins of the rule or affecting a strong country，Greek coins、Sasan Persian coins and Chinese round square coins as prototypes of coin activities。

Sogt and China、India、West Asia、The Mediterranean World has established a wide range of contacts，Make it an important hub of interaction with different countries and ethnic groups and the gathering point of multiple civilizations。This can be seen from the distribution of Sog coins，The issuance and circulation of Special Coin has different scope，Overall gathered in the area to the north of the Amu River to Zelav Shan River Basin，Kang Guo as the three major mint centers、An Guo and Shiguo are an important hub on the middle of the Silk Road。

With the development and prosperity of the Silk Road，Sogt Land and the Juju outside the land are both the business passage of the Eastern and Western parts，It is an important link of cultural interaction。As an important business nation on the Silk Road，Multi -cultural factors were introduced into China via Sogdy merchant。This is for us to think about the ancient Mediterranean、Iran、The interaction between Central Asia and China provides a certain amount of reference，Multi -cultural factors were introduced into China via Sogdy merchant。

　　(This article is the "Organization and Research on Ancient Sog Coins in Civilization Fusion" (21BSS050) phased achievement)

(The author is a special professor of the School of International Cultural Exchange, Hebei Normal University、Researcher at the Researcher of the Excellent Traditional Culture Inheritance and Development Research Center)