A survey of critical psychological trends from Kant to postcolonialism，Psychologists as cognitive subjects are clarifying、While criticizing the subjective stance of researchers permeating psychology，Tend to construct different “kinds” of psychology based on recognized subjectivities。However，None of them are free from the dominance of formal logical thinking，Carry out psychological understanding activities from the binary perspective of either/or，This further reflects the epistemological premise of the objective truth view and subjective truth view it supports、There are difficulties in the discipline of psychology, the nature bet365 premier league odds, and the practice of psychology，Psychology has also failed to embark on a journey towards better health as hoped、Rational development track。Therefore，Revealing the epistemological dilemma of critical psychology，Discuss how to respond，For prompting psychologists to re-explore the nature of human nature and human development、Deepen the understanding of psychology and the nature of knowledge，And promote psychology to be more objective in serving a community with a shared future for mankind、Every path of fair development has certain value。

　　The crisis of objective bet365 premier league odds

Objective view of truth，The subject of knowledge should abandon his own subjectivity to understand the object of knowledge，Aims to obtain the absolute objective laws about human nature。De-subjectivity of understanding the subject、Objectivity of research objects、The empirical method and the objectivity of knowledge have become its basic characteristics。Under the guidance of this epistemology，Natural science critical psychology has achieved fruitful results，Such as Lange’s emotional somatic response theory、Weber-Fechner law、Watson’s stimulus-response model、Neisser et al.’s implicit cognitive processing mechanism，And Bass’s view of evolutionary bet365 premier league odds mechanisms, etc.。

It can be said，It is a necessary part of psychologists’ pursuit of “true” bet365 premier league odds knowledge，But there are still many disadvantages。One，Exhibited in the essential provisions of the cognitive subject and research object。Psychologists who understand the subject and research subjects who understand the object，They are all regarded as object existences that are not affected by social relations，Insisting on "conscious natural essence" actually has a tendency of mechanical materialism。Based on the standpoint of natural science，From constructivism to behaviorism to cognitivism、Evolutionary Psychology, etc.，Researchers are set as “bystanders” without any subjective value orientation；The research object is also defined in a scientific way as a natural object that is passive and independent of the researcher，Human essence has been reduced to bet365 premier league odds elements one after another、Explicit behavior、Implicit cognitive mechanism or evolutionary bet365 premier league odds mechanism, etc.，Humans have become machines or animals whose "subjectivity" has been eliminated。Part 2，Exhibited in the nature of bet365 premier league odds science and bet365 premier league odds knowledge。It abandons the significance given to science by the predetermined value or purpose of the cognitive subject，Separate the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge、Psychologists’ “pre-understanding” and research process、The relationship between facts and values，The dynamics of understanding in the psychology of abandonment、Generativity and Humanity；bet365 premier league odds knowledge constructed through logical analysis of scientific results，It has also become a social and historical development separated from people、Isolation from social practice、Still fragments of truth。Philosopher Lange and psychologist Titchener、Watson、Skinner and other pioneers strongly advocated that researchers should abandon subjectivity and base themselves on the principle of value neutrality，Get information about bet365 premier league odds elements (feelings、Emotion、Purely objective knowledge of subjects such as imagery) or behavior (S-R or S-O-R)。This will help promote the scientificization of bet365 premier league odds research，But it also reflects that its epistemology only stays at the level of mechanical materialism and intuitive reflection theory，While ignoring the social attributes of bet365 premier league odds understanding and knowledge。Third，Exhibited in the insufficient ability of bet365 premier league odds theory to guide social practice。Marxism points out，The purpose or value of theory is to guide practice。However，Natural science critical psychology is based on confirming human nature，Strongly promote the so-called "true" objective truth，Trying to use this to guide research in Western and even global psychology。This not only reflects the hegemonic bias of Western science，Also because of ignoring human creativity and the unique bet365 premier league odds and behavioral characteristics of "quasi-groups" such as non-Western peoples，But cannot effectively interpret human psychology and behavior "outside the Western cultural context"，Exposes the shortcomings of the objective view of truth and its insufficient ability to guide practice。

　　The shortcomings of the subjective view of bet365 premier league odds

The subjective view of truth emphasizes the construction bet365 premier league odds that meets the needs of the community interests that the researcher represents based on the subjective stance recognized by the researcher。Understand the subjectivity of the subject、Subjectivity of research subjects、The purpose of knowledge and the subjectivity of truth have become its basic characteristics。Under the guidance of this epistemology，Critical psychologists have constructed corresponding knowledge based on different subjectivity positions，Such as Rogers’ “person-centered” psychotherapy theory、Holzkamp’s view of action capabilities、Chodoro’s views on female gender identity，And Martin Paul’s theory of prosocial behavior, etc.。That’s for sure，It makes up for the shortcomings of the construction of psychology under the guidance of objective truth，However, due to the shortcomings in logical thinking, some shortcomings are also exposed。

　First，In understanding the nature of the subject and research object，Psychologists as cognitive subjects and research subjects as cognitive objects are both regarded as beings in social relationships。bet365 premier league odds understanding and psychology、The essence of behavior only exists in and is understood through relationships，The predetermined nature of individuals prior to social relationships、The uniqueness and individuality of people as individuals are ignored，bet365 premier league odds Psychology、Behavior and related cognition are reduced to the results of social relationship operations，Invisibly engraved with the brand of "social reductionism"。

Second，In the nature of bet365 premier league odds science and bet365 premier league odds knowledge，Too much emphasis on the subjectivity of the cognitive subject on bet365 premier league odds topics、Method、The influence of theoretical construction and other aspects，Excessive emphasis on the guiding role of cognitive purpose in the construction of psychology，Emphasizing that truth should conform to the interests of the community represented by the “cognitive subject”。This exaggerates the subjective side of bet365 premier league odds truth while obliterating its objective side，It is easy to regard bet365 premier league odds truth as subjective and self-generated、Constructed things，This may breed anti-scientism、Relativistic tendency。

　Third，This kind of epistemology can easily lead to a narrow scope bet365 premier league odds and practice。Xia Zhentao Zengyan，Purpose exists before practice and guides people to carry out practical activities according to the preset purpose。Different purposes，Practical activities of people、The scope of constructing knowledge and theoretical guidance practice is also different。Based on different subjective positions，Psychological researchers tend to serve the interests of the community they represent，The opposing subjective position、Reasonable aspects bet365 premier league odds are rejected、Rejected。To reveal the social nature of human beings，Critical psychologists from the humanities construct the theory of personality types、The level requires knowledge such as theory，But abandoned research topics oriented towards natural science、Position、Methods and other knowledge scales，Ignoring the latter explains the reasonable side of human nature；To promote proletarian liberation，German critical psychology advocates replacing reasons for external conditions with reasons for action，Promote people’s subjective initiative，Deny the principles of variable psychology and operationalism，Disregarding the role of the latter in improving factory productivity；To safeguard the interests of feminism，Feminist critical psychologist Gilligan constructs a moral theory that describes women's unique moral experience，While opposing Kohlberg’s moral theory，Not recognizing that his theory may also fail to interpret male moral experience，Even due to the infiltration of Western white gynocentric prejudice，Unable to interpret the moral experiences of other different groups within women；To promote local cultural values，Philippine psychologist Henriquez advocates，The interpersonal theory with "shared self" as the core concept serves the local people，He even bluntly stated that he only values ​​the attitude of the local people in the Philippines、Values ​​and national aspirations，Reject individualistic interpersonal theory, etc.。These all reflect the shortcomings of the subjective view of truth in the practical category。

　　How to respond to the epistemological dilemma of critical bet365 premier league odds

The cognitive subject of psychology is human beings，The research object is humans，bet365 premier league odds understanding、The value of truth is also contained in people。The solution to the epistemological dilemma of critical psychology lies in a comprehensive understanding of human beings from ontological premises，Thinking about its implications in bet365 premier league odds epistemology，Re-revealing its purpose in bet365 premier league odds research、The value implications of research stance and other issues。

Ontologically，Psychologists should first clarify from the perspective of "individualism" (personal subject)，Man first possesses the power of nature、Vitality、Natural objects of life process，This is their cognitive function、Engage in cognitive practice activities、As the cognitive subject, it provides the natural material premise。In basic objective activities (productive labor), people create sociality characterized by "social relations"，The essential requirements for becoming a psychologist as a cognitive subject。At the same time，The practice of bet365 premier league odds survival activities enables bet365 premier league odds beings to integrate into others、Realizing the essence of oneself in the object relationship of other things，Form "like nature"。bet365 premier league odds beings will surely survive among people、Man and nature、Towards a community with a shared future for mankind through the gradual integration of people and society，Achieve “perfection of bet365 premier league odds nature” in accordance with the requirements of “humanization of bet365 premier league odds beings”。

In epistemology，The nature of a psychologist is defined by social relationships，And establish the cognitive subject status in social practice；The research object as a cognitive object should be understood from the subjective and active practical activities of psychologists；Psychologists and research subjects are not just opposite poles，And are interdependent in object activities、Contact、Conversion。At this time，bet365 premier league odds science becomes the work of psychologists through the exercise of subjectivity、Agency、Creativity，Use various material or conceptual means that already exist in society，Active understanding、Exploring the revolutionary practical understanding of cognitive objects。bet365 premier league odds knowledge starts from the true nature of human beings，From objective truth and subjective intuition、Universal truth and special truth、The dialectical unified truth composed of many polarities such as individual-centered truth and class-centered truth。

On the practice bet365 premier league odds，Psychologists should follow the Marxist view of practice，That is, the practice contains certain requirements or needs of the subject for external objects from the very beginning，And then promote the subject to engage in purposeful cognitive activities。When human beings undergo individual-based development，The stage of inevitable union of free people，This means that the purpose of psychological research is no longer limited to serving the interests of a certain type of people or a certain group，But based on the fact that human beings are constantly moving toward integration，Establish a need to focus on the common interests of mankind，Pursue human peace、The value judgment of happiness，Drive the integration of facts and values ​​with the purpose of serving the human community。The research stance to achieve this goal lies in the Marxist "civilization-like" stance，That is, breaking through the narrow caste consciousness of people and human nature，Establish the unity of human beings and species、Unity of individual and group、The concept of the unity of heaven and humanity，Understand the unique nature of people formed in the self-determined creative way of survival。This kind of activity unites people from their nature into a whole，Making people a holistic existence with "kind" as their nature，The individual is connected to the entire human race，One’s own essence is determined by the life nature of others，Destiny is also integrated with human destiny。In this process，No one is left out，People will consciously respect each other、The humanitarian spirit of mutual help。

　(The author is a lecturer in the Department of bet365 premier league odds, School of Educational Sciences, Anhui Normal University)