The founder of the history of Chinese psychology Gao Jue pressed in 1985, "History of Chinese Psychology" edited in 1985，It is considered to be the foundation of the history of Chinese psychology。During the writing process of this book，Members of the editorial board discussed a lot of problems，The final consistency opinion，That is, there are rich psychological thoughts in ancient China，but not a systematic study that compares the system as western psychology。to this day，Researchers in the history of domestic theoretical psychology and psychology still recognize the same opinion about this。Everyone generally acknowledges that before the introduction of Western psychology，China has only psychological thoughts，Psychology without a modern scientific sense。This article discusses based on the relational thinking of traditional Chinese culture，The possibility of building a Chinese model of Chinese psychology or psychology。

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The development of psychology in China began in "Geng models to stay in the United States"。"Gengzi's Rebellion"，The Qing government was forced to sign the Xin Chou Treaty，A lot of money lost。1908，The US Congress passed the bill，Authorized President Roosevelt refund the Chinese "Gengzi Complex" Super League to the actual loss of the United States，And it is recommended to use this money to help Chinese running school，or funding Chinese students to study in the United States。Most of the early Chinese psychology was returned to study in the United States at that time。Western psychology has been introduced to China from then on，Chinese Psychology has also developed since then。1917，Chen Daqi and others established China's first psychological laboratory at Peking University，It is considered a sign of the birth of Chinese psychology。But Chen Daqi himself is not a student in the United States，Instead of going to Japan。

The group of people studying in the United States after returning to China，Starting the establishment of China's psychological laboratory，Carry out psychological teaching activities，Introduction to Western Psychology、Test and Application，Also known as "the development of psychology in China"。In fact，Domestic psychology is currently doing this kind of work，Chinese model that has not yet built Chinese psychology or psychology。"Chinese Model of Psychology" refers to created by the Chinese themselves、With distinctive Chinese cultural characteristics、A complete set of psychological concepts that can be compared with Western psychology、Theory、Method and Application System。

The 1970s and 1980s，Some psychologists in Taiwan and the mainland in China use "should use Chinese Bet365 lotto review as Chinese to study" as a slogan，Study on Sinicization of Psychology，Once developed into a localization movement of psychology，But unfortunately, there is no complete or unified psychological theory and practical system。The problem of the localization movement of this psychology is，Although studying the human situation in Chinese cultural situations、Face、Filial Tao、Zhongshu、Moon and other questions，But in its method、The theory, especially the underlying world view、Methodism and Practical Theory，Still retaining individual rationalism of Western culture，Therefore, its so -called "localization" or "Chineseization" is not thorough。

40 years of experience and lesson in the localization movement of psychology，The Chinese model of building psychology must sink to the most basic methodory level，Formation includes methodology、Basic concepts of disciplines、theory and method、A complete set of a complete set of Chinese characteristic psychological systems, including various psychological practice applications。Individual rationalism corresponding to Western psychology，The typical feature of Chinese psychology should be relational thinking。Western psychology has a complete set of concepts and theoretical systems，Including Knowledge、Love、Italia、line，Process psychology and personality psychology，Perception、Memory、Thinking, etc.。Chinese psychology also needs to establish a concept system，And the face of the Chinese people、Human sentiment、Zhongxiao, etc. from conceptual development to theory，Exploring the method of explaining psychological phenomena with Chinese culture and solving people's psychological problems，and use it widely in social life and practice。When dealing with the social relationship between people and people，Understanding human and nature、The relationship between the universe，In the explanation of the development of people，Psychology requires more concepts and theories of the psychological concepts and theories of Confucianism and Buddhism in Chinese traditional culture，Perform creative transformation and innovative development，China Mode to build psychology。

　　Questions and internal changes in Western psychology

1879，Fengte established the first psychological laboratory in Germany，It marks the birth of psychology as a discipline。Some people think，Feng Te has deviated psychology from the beginning，How to use experiments or measurement，or using natural science methods to study philosophy or mental problems is simply a mistake。In fact，Feng Te divided people's psychology into a physiological basic psychology and high -level psychology related to culture，and wrote ten volumes of "National Psychology" in his later years。It is just a reflection of a survey data published bet365 Play online games in 1980，"In 90 years，An article published in "American Psychologist Magazine" in the reference to all the works of Fengte，Citation of "National Psychology" accounts for less than 4%，The citation of "Principles of Physiological Psychology" is as high as 61%"。

The problem of western psychology is first lies in the lack of adaptability between the research method and the research object。As someone criticizes modern psychology, it is using a fixed scale to measure the elastic cloth，Or calculate the continuous flow of time with a stoppace。Western psychology has also been reflected，Try to solve this problem。Early discipline reflection and internal adjustment from mainstream psychology，From behavioralism to cognitiveism。Studentism proposal，Since the human psychology is a black box，Unbelievable，Can't measure，It is better not to study the inherent psychology of people，Only studies can be observed.。So，Behaviorism is also known as "Psychology without Psychology"。From the 1930s to the 1950s，Behaviorism has always occupied the dominant position of Western psychology。

But，Psychology does not study psychology after all is also a problem，This provides an opportunity for cognitiveist replacement behaviorism。But cognitiveism also has its problems。The psychology of a person is the overall，It is impossible to be completely divided like the material of nature。First，Cognition is not the whole of people's psychological life，People and emotions、Will, etc.，Know、Love、Italia、Can't open the score。The cognitive process includes perception、Memory、Thinking, etc.，Perception and memory cannot be separated，Memory of memory is perception。Does thinking not contain memory? Belief and motivation、A sense of gain and satisfaction、Can Ai and Like be clearly distinguished? Second，Only use the function or mechanism of the nervous system to explain the people’s cognition. There are also problems，At least not enough。Behavioralism and cognitiveism as mainstream psychology，Also known as the "first power" of psychology，They try to make adjustments within the subject，But the valid solution to solve the problem。

In addition to mainstream psychology, there are two side or side branches，One is Freud、The psychoanalysis school represented by Jung，"Second Force" called psychology，Its methodology is interpretation; the other is humanistic psychology，Based on phenomenal methodology，is the "third forces" in psychology。On the main and object relationship，Elita、Gadamer、Paul Lico, interpretation direction of interpretation, etc.。Explanation, thinking，Empirical psychology is impossible to achieve，All descriptions or research results are explained。Phenomenology founded by Husserl tries to bridge the differences between bet365 Play online games interpretation and empiricalism，Profitting beyond the DRIBS thinking，Return to the world of daily life。

After the 1980s，With the development of communication and Internet technology，The social lifestyle has changed dramatically，so that people are changing themselves，Post -modern culture began to rise。Social Construction Theory as the basis or methodological basis for postmodern psychology，Beginning with criticism of modern psychology。This criticism lasted for more than 20 years，After another 20 years of reconstruction。Criticism of social construction theory is not only for mainstream psychology，It also includes interpretation and phenomenology.，It is a comprehensive coverage of the three major methodology of modern psychology。From the perspective of social construction theory，As part of modern culture，Experience Empiricals、Explanation and phenomenology Jointly based on a premise，Just understanding people as independent、Boundary、The existence of physicality。assume that everyone is an independent entity，It has a clear boundary with the outside。Not only that，Various constituent elements inside individual psychology, such as knowledge、Love、Italia、Different cognitives and emotions are also divided into different units based on imagination。Only this，Only measurement of different psychology、Evaluation and experiment。In fact，The psychology of a person is not only a whole，and it is procedural。This is both the fundamental problem of modern psychology，It is also the root of various psychological health problems that are popular in modern society。

Postmodernism's reconstruction of psychology is based on relational self -as the core。"Self" here reflects the new understanding of people and world relations，Reflected human nature。The "boundary self" of modern psychology is based on individual rationality，Separate people from the surrounding world。Social Construction Theory thinks，Modern psychology, whether it is mainstream psychology、Psychoanalysis or Humanism，It is impossible to achieve the purpose they want to achieve。The body or physiological boundary of people，Representative of Social Construction Theory Kennis Gegen created a filter or a sieve metaphor (The Metaphor of Sieve): Human skin is not a closed armor，but like a breathable sieve，You can breathe freely。The same time and space of the person and the surrounding person，Breathing the same air，There is actually no boundary between them。and psychological boundary，Gegen said such an example: Assuming I am the author of a book，Opposite reader，This book I wrote between us。Modern Psychology Based on the assumption of boundary self -self，I am me，Readers are readers，Book is a book，The three are three independent entities。The problem is，Although the Bet365 app download book is written，But those content I write，Including all my thoughts，Are they really "mine"? I and reader、and the previous thinker、Where is the psychological boundary between the author? Especially in the Internet era，People’s perception and memory have been integrated through the network，Thoughts and spirit cannot intercept flow，There is no psychological boundary that is not completely divided between people。

Based on criticism of boundary self，Social Construction Theory has absorbed the characteristics of oriental cultural relations，Perseverance from independence self -self -transfer to the relationship between people，Put forward the theory of relational self -self。Its core point is that human self is not a closed、Independent、Reasonable entity，but distributed in understanding、Dialogue、Appreciation、Cooperation and other relational processes。Relations self -theory Putting individuals from bounds、Independent and closed psychological island rescue，Try to give individuals a new vitality and continuous vitality to give individuals with a relational process。

　　The possibility of building Chinese psychology based on relational thinking

Chinese model of building psychology，Need to complete the following two tasks at the same time。First, continue to learn and absorb the concept of modern western psychology、Theoretical and research results。Chinese psychology is going to the world，Understanding by Western psychologists、Accepting and recognition，The concepts and languages ​​that both sides can understand，Can't close the door from talking，Otherwise, it is impossible to participate in an equal dialogue on the platform of international exchanges。The second is to deeply cultivate traditional culture，Understand the essential characteristics and spiritual connotation of Chinese cultural traditions，and its various embodies in daily life and work，Including the lifestyle of contemporary Chinese、Effects of thinking methods and behavior methods。

Complete these two tasks，It is necessary to carry out work at the same time in the two areas of psychology research and traditional cultural research。This is two completely different discipline areas。Psychological research is empirical evidence，Requires research in a method similar to natural sciences; and traditional cultural research is the theoretical、History and speculation。According to the concept created by Kun in the Structure of the Scientific Revolution，Study on psychology and traditional culture follows different "research paradigms"，and Xiu Tong is undoubtedly the key to building Chinese psychology。

"Relational Thinking" may be able to become the "Archimede Point" of China's psychology foundation。Different from the principal and guest of Western individual rationalism culture，The Bet365 lotto review characteristic of relational thinking is，Emphasize that the opposite parties are based on each other's existence，and always conversion、In the process of accomplishment of mutual achievement。Three laws of relational thinking and Western form logic，that is the same as the same、Contradiction、Elimination of his law to form a control。Western culture is manifested as a one -way thinking logic，If A is A，A is not a，No intermediate expression。The relationship between Chinese people is a complicated thinking，Has a strong variant。The so -called emptiness，There is no，Nothing is there。Three of the Confucian Taoism and Buddhas of Traditional Culture have the characteristics of related thinking。

The moderation of Confucian culture or "to neutrality" is a kind of relational thinking。The pioneer of heart learning、Lu Jiuyuan, a famous philosopher in the Song Dynasty, said，"My heart is the universe，The universe is my heart "。After him，Wang Yangming further constructed a complete heart -based system，Reasoning as soon as possible、Knowledge、Knowing and Finguliabling。Where，Heart and material、Love and reason、Knowledge and Xing、Inconsistent and grids are inseparable uniform or relational existences，Always in the process of transformation。Western philosophy tends to divide things into two，and Chinese traditional culture combined into one，Look at the different aspects of a single thing or things in the dynamic system composed of the whole or the opposite side，This is the relationship between relational thinking。

Taoism is a typical relationship thinking。"Book of Changes" talks about changes between yin and yang、Changes、The principle of changes。"爻" in the Book of Changes as a symbolic symbol that can represent the world of all things，Its glyph itself symbolizes "relationship"，That is the cross -linking of everything，Universal connection that cannot be divided by each other。Contact (that is, the relationship) changes at any time，As long as you have a "time"、A "bit"，Live and space，"Tao"，That is the development of things。Gao Jueyin summarizes ancient Chinese psychology as heaven、Human poultry、Form God、Sexual Xi、Knowledge and Xing、Heart、Emotional、Zhiyi、Smart、Top 10 pairs。Among them, each of which can be derived from the pair of "Yin -Yang" of Taoist houses: the two are both split，It's a fit again，Mutual existence (coexist)，Conversion of each other (symbiosis)，Dynamic balance (harmonious)。These are the embodiment of relational thinking。

Buddhism emphasizes the origin emptiness。Relative thinking is in line with the positioning of Buddhism's origins，That is the origin of the legal boundary，or start according to him。"Huayan Scripture" said: "One more each other，Endless，Inham.com。bet365 live casino games "The Yinhara network here refers to the web formed by the Orb，The light of the pearls reflected each other，One weight，Non -endless，A symbol of reflection between people and even everything between people，mutual cause and effect，The essential characteristics of each other as a relationship。

Relative thinking as a typical feature of traditional Chinese culture，Instance with individual rationalism with Western psychology，It reflects the essential differences of Chinese culture and Western culture。Chinese model of building psychology based on relational thinking，Do not mean exclusion or abandoning Western psychology，The two cultural positions of the East and West can complement it。Western psychology divides the psychological division of people into a unit，to meet the requirements of measurement and experiments。The relationship between Chinese traditional culture emphasizes the inseparable relationship between psychological elements、Systemic、Dynamic change and process characteristics。The latter has an important psychological healing role for the modern boundary or independent individuals that emphasize individual rationality and lead to excessive competition.，Education for contemporary schools、The development and change of the organization have clear guidance，It has methodological significance for psychology and other humanities and social science research。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on Psychology of Constructing a Community of Human Destiny with Relatives" (22BSH101) phased results)

(The author is a professor at the School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University)