Modernism and modernization are two close concepts，But in fact the two are in different problems。Global modernization provides an opportunity for the diversification of modernity，For China, which is in the process of modernization，Study on modernity and modernization from the theoretical and practical level，It has important significance。The reporter interviewed the professor of the Department of Sociology of Singapore's National University of Social Science, Volker H. Schmidt, and Wang Cungang, a professor of Volker H. SCHMIDT (Volker H. SCHMIDT) and Wang Cunlai, the School of Government Management, Nankai University.。

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Schmidt:As I understand in sociological theory，Modernity is one of the few stages in the process of human evolution that humans have experienced so far。Modernity Different from the concept of "traditional" society or "traditional" in classical sociology，Usually we call the previous society of industrial society as a traditional society，Calling industrial society as modern society。Sociology Division theory Definitions the stage of social evolution according to the dominant type of social differentiation at a specific stage。There is a more common point of view now，Social stratification is the main differentiation mode before the beginning of the human society's modern stage，refers to the phenomenon and process of dividing social members into high and low levels according to different social standards，To a large extent is the extension of the Neolithic Age。In this era，A large population is engaged in agricultural production，The remaining food for the use of the ruling class，so as to get rid of material production。In modern society，Social stratification is replaced by functional differentiation，The main mode of becoming a social organization。Class usually exists in the form of social class，but no longer the dominant mechanism of social differentiation。Functional differentiation refers to the emergence of an independent social system，They perform different functions and follow their own operating logic，For example, politics、Economy、Law、Education、Science and other systems。

Modernization is a process formed by modern conditions，This process is actively designed by collective actors in the political or economic field，It is also produced as an "by -product" outside the plan，The changes outside of this plan are caused by people's large number of intervention in nature and the social environment。Although from the results，The process of modernization is manifested in a specific direction because of the importance of some development processes，But in fact, it is not based on the purpose of the purpose。Brief words，Modernization is a self -promotion process that is constantly accelerated。

　　Wang Cungang:Whether it is modernization，Still modern，So far，The academic world has not yet formed a unified understanding。I think，Modernization is the product of human history developed to a certain stage，The process of transformation from traditional society to modern society，Involved in the economy、Politics、Cultural and social life and other fields。Specifically，In the economic field，New production tools、New production technology is constantly generated and widely used，Professional production continues to increase，Reinforcement and cooperation is continuously strengthened，Labor productivity continues to increase，The level of material living is continuously improved; in the political field，autocracy、Level system fully collapsed，The degree of democratization continues to increase，The right to participate in political life with individual equality and freedom is protected by law; in the cultural field，Volkswagen Culture Rise，Reason、World、The values ​​of utilitarianism are popular; in the field of social life，Human dignity is increasingly valued，Personality and ability is more likely to be free and fully played，The changes in individual status are no longer based on the hereditary ability and achievement，Social liquidity、Openness is continuously enhanced。

Modernization and modernity are the relationship between process and results。In my opinion，Modernity refers to the basic characteristics and core values ​​presented by society in the process of modernization。With the advancement of modernization，and the diversity of the modernization process of all countries in the world，People are constantly adjusted by people's cognition of modernity，And this adjustment in turn promotes modernization to a higher level。

　　"China Social Sciences": Does modernization have the characteristics of globalization and diversity? How to look at the duality of Chinese -style modernization from this perspective?

Schmidt:Yes，Obviously，Modernization is both a global phenomenon，It is multi -dimensional，In an unexpected way, all aspects of people's lives have been changed。Modernization globality can trace the power attributes that comes with the social differentiation system，Is not to consider the territorial boundary factors。Modernization of globality can be analyzed from an economic perspective，can also be scientifically、Medicine、Education、Religion and other fields observed，Because these all involve global systems。At the same time，Modernization has generated different types of systems and social forms in different areas of the world。Modernization is not very clear，But from the current point of view，Mainly cultural background with modernization、Environmental factors、Time of the initial modernization process, etc.。

　　Wang Cungang:China is a modern later person。Since stepping on the road of modernization，China has always faced duality problems。On the one hand，China must open to the public，Actively integrate into the globalization process，Bold drawing on all the positive results of the development of human civilization，Including experience in the early generations of Europe and the United States，Become "China of the World"; on the other hand，As a country with a long history and rich cultural traditions，China is not possible to copy the existing modern mode，Persistence must be persisted、There is a choice，Fully reflect Chinese characteristics。No Chinese characteristics，Modernization of China is impossible to succeed。

Since 1949, especially since the reform and opening up，The Chinese Communist Party unite and lead the Chinese people to continuously promote the modern Chinese -style modernization，Effectively resolved the contradictions of globalization and diversification，Created a new path of modern Chinese -style modernization，Created a new form of human civilization。

　"China Social Sciences": How is the existing modern theoretical framework?

Schmidt:The maximum restrictions on the existing modern theoretical framework，It may be derived from the increasing complexity of society，and the increasing professionalization of social sciences，It is almost impossible for it to completely capture the process and results of modernization。

　　Wang Cungang:This is a big problem。Brief words，The existing modernization theory has a strong western color，Through the logic of "Western -style Modernization"。This is of course related to the first modernization process in Western countries。But Western modernization theory and practice are by no means universal。Some post -generating countries have produced bad consequence。Criticism and correction of existing modern theory and model，It has been existed in the academic community at home and abroad over the years，It is also worthy of affirmation。

From the historical perspective，Even in the western country，Historical culture、The influence of multiple factors such as resource endowment and global situation，The path to realize modernization in various countries is also different。For example，Modernization of the United Kingdom and the United States is promoted by democratization and industrialization at the same time; France's modernization is first democratized and industrialized; Germany's modernization is first industrialized。Therefore，About modernization is Westernization or even Americanization，Is very incorrect。

　　"China Social Sciences": What are the practices of Chinese -style modernization? What are the inspirations for the modernization road of other countries?

Schmidt:To a certain extent，China's modernization road draws inspiration from the modern development of the West and other East Asian countries，What's more important is to get out of the modern road with Chinese characteristics。This road has achieved success in many aspects，Undoubtedly providing experience for the modernization of other countries in the world。Of course，Modernization Road is a continuous process，Need to continue exploring forward。

　　Wang Cungang:Contemporary China has taken a new way of modernization。The distinctive feature of this modern new road is，Establish a common wealth goal in the economic field，Adhere to the people as the center，upholding innovation、Coordination、Green、Open、Shared development concept。People democracy developed throughout the process of development in the political field，Actively give full play to the important role of negotiating democracy。Establishing the fundamental concept of "modernization is the modernization of human and nature" in the ecological field，Actively promote green development，Pay attention to the protection of ecosystems。Give up peaceful development in the field of foreign relations、Win -winning banner，Persevere and promote the common value of all mankind，Adhere to real multilateralism，Promote the democratization of international relations，Focus on maintaining global strategic balance and stability，Promote the establishment of a new type of international relations and the community of human destiny。

China's modern road to solve the problem that the development of the market economy will inevitably lead to polarization of society，Eliminate the phenomenon of fierce party struggle and serious political polarization commonly used for early modern countries，Promote the establishment of a new type of international relations and the community of human destiny，Breaking the logic of "Guoqiang Big"。

China's modern road to the modernization practice of other countries is，There is no fixed mode for modernization roads，Suitable for you is the best。Each country should start from actual，Autonomous exploration of modern bet365 Play online games roads that are in line with their national conditions。Exchange and mutual learning of modernization of modernization，It can enrich the path of human beings to modernization。