In academic research and international political fields，"Global South" is a very common concept，Mostly used to refer to low -income countries，Its geographical location is mostly located in southern Earth。The "Global North" (global north "refers to high -income countries，The geographical location is mostly located in the northern part of the earth。To use the concept of "Global South" more properly，and understand its historical background and unique connotation，This reporter interviewed a number of foreign scholars。

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Studies based on Australian sociologist Raewyn Connell and others，The concept of "South" is one of the founders of the Communist Party of Italy、Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci。1926，He mentioned in "Some aspects of the Southern Issues"，Capitalists in northern Italy also control the northern workers and the southern peasant class，Southern Italy as an exploited colony。In the later field of Italian social ideology，Discussion on "North -South Differences" focuses on the level of economic development，But its connection with colonialism is revived in the field of economics。

The 1950s and 1960s，Argentine economist Raul Prebisch put forward the division of the world economic "core" and "periphery"，and scholars who are critical with other scholars who are critical of Orthodox Economics together call on the reform of the world trade system，"North" and "South" will become international political language。Some developing countries that have been reduced to colonies have begun to clearly use the "Global Southern" to show that there is a conflict between the interests between it and the industrialized country。

The academic circles of developed countries in the 1970s，American Bet365 app download sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein and others created the world system theory (World-SYSTEMS Theory，replace the "modern/traditional" division with "core/peripheral"; in the field of literature and cultural research，The rise of post colonialism。The 1990s，The intersections of sociology (Internet) analysis framework enhances the above concepts。

With the end of the Cold War，The concept of "Global Northern" and "Global Southern" challenged the perspective of global culture and society at that time。Although the Asian industry develops rapidly、Emerging economy has made a certain change in the power of "North -South"，But New York、London、Frankfurt、The high -speed growth of financial capital in Tokyo and other places has also strengthened the economic advantage of the former imperialist center。

In recent years，"North -South" concept further extension。Subaltern Studies, which emerges in India and other South Asian countries (Subaltern Studies), pays attention to the opposition between the ruling class and the ruling class and the interaction between the dominance and subordinates of the colonial system; Peruvian sociologists Ah A The "Coloniality of Power" of ANibal Quijano emphasizes the residues of European colonialism in contemporary politics and culture，Especially the social hierarchical system and the form of knowledge; Portuguese jurist Bonorgura de Sousa Santos (Epistemology of the South) and Ren Cornell's Southern Southern Southern Southern Southern Southern theory regards "south" as a very different knowledge and ideological "production area"。

This year，The British Journal "Third World Journal" launched a special issue "" Global South "in World Political Research"。Special editor of this journal、The German Think Tank Development Research Institute (DIE) Researcher Sebastian Haug, Researcher at the German Think Tank Development Institute (DIE)，In social science literature，"Southern" related expression is mainly used as a collective Bet365 lotto review name for the colonial country，Most of their geographical location is south of the colonial force center。"Southern Global" often appears in the residual impact on colonialism and imperialism、Systematic inequality from colonial history、"Alternative" power and the potential of the source of knowledge and the potential of knowledge。There are two meanings of the modification "global" before the "South"。First，Emphasize the interconnection of social relations，About "North" and "South"、The issues of rich countries and poor countries are placed in the background of globalization; second，Focus on economic development or cultural differences as the focus，Geopolitan political relations that emphasize power to emphasize power。

　　Three layers of "Global South"

Anne Garland Mahler, the Director of the Global Southern Research Project of Virginia at the University of Virginia, told this reporter，The concept of "Global South" now has three main usage。In international organizations，"Global South" is often used to refer to Africa、Asia、Latin American countries。This state -based understanding originated from the political thought of the Cold War at the deep level。In the academic and social movement circle，"Global South" is more flexible in geographical，It refers to areas and crowds that are negatively affected by contemporary capitalist globalization。In other words，"Southern countries" in some economic sense exist in the geographical sense "North"，There are also some economic sense "northern countries" exist in the geographical sense "southern"。This geographical flexibility brings the third layer of "Global Southern": one recognizes each other、Global political community with similar situations。

Haoge further discussed the three layers of meaning mentioned by Maller。First，Under a state -based perspective，"Global Southern" refers to the underdeveloped countries of socio -economic，The commonly used division Bet365 lotto review is based on the per capita income data of the World Bank、Human Development Index (HDI)。Although most multilateral organizations do not adopt the saying of "north -south" in the category of other multilateral organizations，But in the academic and policy circles，Many people regard "Global Southern" as "high -income countries" and "high -human development level countries"。Different national tags from this logic，Such as "the least developed country"，Become a qualification standard for obtaining official development assistance。

Second，"Global South" represents different cross -regional multilateral alliances。For example，Seventy -seventh Kingdom Group (G77) is the control of developing countries against superpowers、Exploitation、In the struggle of plunder，An international group that gradually forms and develops。For the Group of 77,，"North -South" is still an important reference in multilateral negotiations。Constantly challenging the structural privilege of "North"，Seventy -seventh Kingdom Group played a key role in the discussion of the cooperation of academic and policy circles。

Third，"Global South" as a symbol of resistance，represents both the multilateral order dominated by "North"，Also against the resistance of neo -liberal capitalism and other hegemonic forces。This layer of meaning is closely linked with the persistent racial inequality and the systemic dominance de -colonial effort。As far as "Global Northern" is concerned，It usually refers to a specific national category，If "Traditional Donor Country", "Industrialized Economy"，But in the third understanding，It is a through the economic flow (Economic Flows)、The powerful constructive form and mandatory measures to dominate the general name of the global social structure。

From the opinion of Male，Due to the concept of "Global Southern", there are many usages，Scholars should explain the specific definition of their choice Bet365 lotto review when using it。Haoger said，Due to the definition of "North" and "South"，and may change significantly over time，The connotation and extension of the Bet365 app download concept of "Southern Global"，Can only target the background of the problem、Answer the theme and policy field involved。

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Since people have a variety of understanding of "Global South"，It is used as an terminology of academic research，Is it too broad but not accurate? Maller talks，When we try to use a word or a concept to describe the difference in the difference, but when the exploitation is similar,，Always encounter problems -all these words or concepts have their limitations。A series of concepts are used to describe a transnational political imagination、A global resistance collective，This collective has a common experience that has suffered a global impact of capitalism。"Southern Global" is just one of these concepts。According to Mahler Introduction，"Global Justice Movement" as a political concept，Especially the three continents during the Cold War。January 1966，Anti -colonialism、The Three Continental Conferences with the theme of anti -imperialism are held in Cuba，From Africa、Asia、About 500 representatives from 82 countries in Latin America attended the meeting，Ospaaaal (Ospaaal) at the meeting。The "Southern" commonly used "Southern" in the three continents is refers to the place where the oppression of the world，Criticize global capitalism by focusing on racial violence and racial inequality。Today，People should remember this history when thinking about "Southern Global"。One of the biggest challenges we are facing now is to combine the efforts that oppose the inequality of global capitalist inequality with the racial movement focus on the reform of the country and local governments。That is to say，We need a global exercise against racial capitalism。

Since the 1990s，Especially in the past 15 years，The Bet365 app download concept of "Southern Global" is becoming increasingly popular，Simultaneous rise is a new era of social actionism (Social Activism)，Solidarity politics。The 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent "Great Recession" have triggered a strong opposition to the new liberal economy globally，It also promoted protests in some regions to a certain extent。From Mahler's view，"Global Southern" is a transnational、Naming the Political Movement of Netframe and understand a multi -historical attempt。

In the academic world，"Global South" has become a popular tool for setting the research framework。To show this trend more clearly，Houg and Jacqueline A. Braveboy-Wagner, a professor of political science at New York City University of Political Science, analyzed 1994-2020 in scientific document summary and citation database " SCOPUS's English -speaking national colleagues review article。They found，In these 27 years，Title、Abstract or keyword articles that appear "Global Southern" have increased from 30 to more than 1,600 articles，and both in various theme areas and disciplines are reflected。But，Most articles use "Global South" as a established category，What does it mean that it does not indicate what it means、To what extent it is helpful for this study。You can see such a trend: The academic circles classify all the empirical research on "Third World", "Development World" and "Non -West" as "Global Southern Research"，But no scholarship systematically examines the actual contact between various places。

Houge proposed，"Global South" may mean different things for different people，Different research areas may also have a different understanding of the "meaning under the global south"，Acknowledge that the change and heterogeneity of this category may bring us harvest。Haoge and Bryov Boy-Wagna and other scholars suggest that "Global Southern" as a meta-category to examine the multilateral Bet365 app download power structure、Organizational Process、Study in many ways to continue shaping macro dynamics of different parts of world politics。

Although the current field of "Global Southern" research has attracted different countries from all over the world、Researchers from different ethnic groups，But it is undeniable that it is，Many core publications in this field are still in English as the leading language。For this，Malle suggestion，In future research，The academic community needs to pay special attention to the decentralization of English，Should invest more attention and more resources to achieve richer language representativeness。