Chinese psychology has developed for more than 100 years。This article will discuss an event with important historical significance in the early 1920s，Try to simply sort out the ideological and cultural background of the century -old development of Chinese psychology。This incident is called "the argument of science and metaphysics" by historians (hereinafter referred to as "Ke Xuan theory")，Also known as "Science and Life A view War"。Kexiandu Battle began in the concept of life from the argument of the traditional moral outlook or science and the non -view of science，Analysis of the relationship between the relationship between material and spirit determining the relationship between life and social development。

In the vocabulary of the upper -level buildings in my country，Spirit and Psychology has not been separated from clearly，For example, psychological hygiene and mental health are often exchanged and used。If the two are separated，It is not theoretical distinguished，More the differences in the field of use。For example，Mental hygiene is mostly used by people with psychiatric medical background，Psychological health is common in psychology and popular discourse systems。Because the battle involves the spirit，The first generation of psychologists in our country joined this argument about people's hearts and spirit，Therefore, a touch of coloring of scientific psychology to the Xuan Xuan argument。

But the significance of Ke Xuan theory is far more than this。In the later period of the argument，What kind of system to use and which way does it use to evolve in China，Therefore, the two new cultural directions that have deep influence on China in the future are openly and clearly formed。So，Ke Xuan Jun Zhan left a strong color in the history of modern ideas and culture in my country，Playing the society in China for nearly a century、Thought、Cultural background behind political changes。

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Several humiliation through the Opium War and the Sino -Japanese War，China is facing the crisis of land division and national survival，Urgent needed a profound political change。At the same time，China also needs a large scale、Cultural changes of deep bone marrow，To build a new knowledge system and meaning world for the Chinese and Chinese society，to provide spiritual and cultural support for political change。Intellectuals of Kaagai in the late Qing Dynasty opened the cultural enlightenment campaign of modern Chinese "renovation bet365 live casino games of our people"。But unlike the enlightenment movement of Western -style rational and democracy，It is not affirmed humanity、Promoting the value and dignity of people as the starting point，but patriotic、Save the country as a starting point，In essence, the inspirational and feelings of the "middle body west" saving map，Although people have germinated the status of the people、New thinking of rights and abilities。The "May 4th" new cultural movement that occurred later，Breaking the imprisonment of the dispute over the body，Affirmation of learning from the West、The new cultural direction of the Western modernization road，I invited Mr. De and Mr. Sai in the West to China。So，The core content of the spirit of the May 4th spirit is identified as "patriotic、progress、Democratic、Science。

Ke Xuan theory Battle is exactly what happened in this historical background。1923，One of the early Confucian representatives in my country, Zhang Jun, was in a speech for the "outlook on life" for Tsinghua University students，Criticism on the ideological tendency of "science"。He emphasized: "In science，There is a certain principle principle，Principles of this principle，There are evidence "; however,，"Where the characteristics of life are，Subjective，Intuition，Comprehensive，The free will，Single "。Science is related to material，The outlook on life is related to the spirit，The characteristics of the two are completely different。So，"Science is developed anyway，Solution of the problem of life view，Never science institutes can force，It only depends on the humans itself "。Obviously，In Zhang Junzheng's thoughts，The scientific outlook of "material civilization" in Western in the Western in the end is not enough to solve the problem of life，Only the cultural or life outlook of China's "spiritual civilization" can solve life problems。

But Ding Wenjiang, the founder of Chinese geological science, "Ran Ran Raid" for the content of the above lecture，He scolds the so -called life philosophy as "metaphysics"，And said that Zhang Junzheng's "metaphysical ghost attached"。Ding Wenjiang does not agree with Zhang Junzhang's "West as a material civilization，China is a spiritual civilization "view，He pointed out: "As for the culture of East and West Ocean，It is by no means a so -called material civilization、Spiritual civilization，This general noun can be summarized。"Science is not only" material "，It is also very helpful to the heart of the people: "Science is not just outward，and the best tool for educating concentric cultivation ";" Not only does the scientific person have the ability to seek truth，and sincere sincerity bet365 live casino games of love "。He asked even more，"Requires right and wrong，Except scientific methods，What are the ways? "Therefore, the science school represented by Ding Wenjiang，Actually tend to adopt Western thinking methods，To solve the problem of Chinese people's outlook on life and spiritual civilization。

"Ke Xuan theory" lasted for nearly two years，There are many famous scholars at the time of the participants at the time，Ruliang Qichao、Hu Shi、Chen Duxiu and others。Liang Qichao, who played an important role in the cultural enlightenment movement of the late Qing Dynasty, stood firmly in Zhang Junzhang、The "metaphysical school" consisting of Lin Zaiping is one side，and the founder of the "May 4th" New Culture Movement Hu Shi、Chen Duxiu, etc. all affirmed and supported the views of "scientific school" such as Ding Wenjiang。Psychologists participating in the argument also support the "scientific school" view，and provided it with many scientific psychology arguments。

　　Significance of Ke Xuan theory

Obviously，Scholars of metaphysics still continue the context of "Middle West"，Among the scientific scholars who are opposed to them, there are many "full westernization" claims。But from today's perspective，The important historical significance of the Battle of Kexia，The two western schools of science school have differentiated into interaction in the later period of discussion，Liberalists who advocate the American capitalist system and Marxist faction that advocates Russian socialism。Differential Chinese and Western Schools of Science and Western Schools，The Chinese intellectuals at that time were roughly separated from three interconnected ideological factions，This has initially formed three cultural primary colors that have deep influence on China's 100 years of development。Optical General "Red、Huang、Blue "is called three primitive colors。Three original colors are three basic colors that cannot be decomposed in the color，From these three colors, you can mix various colors。The ideological course of China over the past century is by Chinese traditional culture、American Liberal Culture and Sinicization Marxist Culture Overlap、Interactive confrontation。

Back to the spiritual level，China ’s cultural heritage for thousands of years is nothing more than Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism。Where，Confucianism enlisted the world with the norm of "the king of the world"; the Taoist tutor gave the world with the natural way of "the unity of heaven and man";。Before the introduction of Buddhism,，The theory of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties will Confucianism、Tao two ideas are integrated into one，Thoughts such Bet365 app download as "Dao Ming Qi", "Confucianism", "Sexual Division", "Self -Focus" and other thoughts，Unifies the outer famous religion specifications with the internal nature of the individual。So，metaphysics for the formation of certain basic personality and spirit of traditional Chinese philosophy and even the entire Chinese traditional culture，It has played an important and decisive role。After the integration of Buddhism into Chinese culture，In addition to continuing to develop into a Chinese Zen Zen,，combined with metaphysics produced the science and mind of the Song and Ming dynasties。Wang Yangming's Heart Study Teaching People Starting from "Nothing outside the Heart"，Through continuous "conscience"、Knowing and Fingithful One，So as a "strong inner" person。Mindology caused by Confucianism and Taoism，Optical infection for more than a thousand years，has penetrated into the spirit of the Chinese，The foundation has founded China's super stable ideological, spiritual and cultural genetic，Not one or two war、One or two sports and one or two arguments can eliminate it to intangible。This is the "primary color" of traditional Chinese culture。

The United States is a country founded by European immigrants in the American continent，The original foundation of the country is the separation of three powers，Liberalism constitutes the core value of its culture。Americans emphasize personal freedom based on rationality，Proposal to maintain personality development，The fundamental purpose of thinking that the country's existence is to protect individual freedom and rights，When the freedom of personal freedom and the country or the nation conflict or conflict，The principle of emphasis on personal freedom priority。One of the important representatives of the Chinese Westernization School of Kexia，People want to strive for their own personal freedom、Freedom of speech、Legal equality，It depends on the importance of tolerance to social freedom。He even proposed "Americans are here，There are bread and freedom; the Soviets are here，There is bread without freedom "，Its tendency of liberalism is very obvious。Hu Shi and others' thoughts affected a large number of subsequent scholars，formed an American liberal culture "primary color"。

1917 Russian October Revolution A gun sound，I sent Marx Leninism to China。Many advanced Chinese intellectuals are attracted by socialism。Kexiandu War occurred after the establishment of the Communist Party of China for two years，Chen Duxiu、Deng Zhongxia and others have already accepted the Communist Party member of Marxism。Long -term exploration，The Communist Party of China has developed a Bet365 app download Chinese -based Marxism，It always emphasizes，The main body to promote historical development is the people，instead of individual hero heroes，"The skin is not existed，Mao will be attached "。So，Sinicized Marxism believes，The interests of the country and the nation will always give priority to personal freedom and rights。The Communist Party of China also creatively proposed the very operable mass views and the mass line，Therefore, it not only has the theoretical power of knowing the world，More realistic forces with mobilization and relying on the masses to transform the world。General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly mentioned it in recent years，The original intention and mission of the party is to seek happiness for the Chinese people，Focusing on the Chinese nation，We must adhere to the road of common prosperity。Therefore，Sinicized Marxist culture has become the spiritual force of "four confidence"，Become the "primary color" dominated by China today。

　　"Three Primary Color" ratio color adjustment

my country's ideological and cultural circles have experienced a variety of ups and downs of thoughts in the past 100 years，but，China finally chose Marxism and socialist roads，Through more than 70 years of socialist practice，Now it has become a unique world power。On the palette of history，Sinicized Marxism and Chinese traditional culture, the two primary ratio will be increased again、Extruds。As cultural self -confidence is becoming stronger，Social and human scholars work hard to try to blend traditional culture and Marxist culture，Make Marxism Sinicization in the new era further innovation and development，will be an inevitable trend。

From an international perspective，After entering the 21st century，The world has undergone a big change in the world。The financial crisis broke out in developed countries and the rise of the Internet economy giants，Makes people generally feel the inequality of contemporary capitalist society further intensified，and the "universalism" ideology promoted by neo -liberalism further weakened。So，Foreign Marxist scholars start with the way of thinking and criticizing new liberalism，Reconstruction of the new discourse of Marxist political philosophy，Proposed new problems in the research of Marxist philosophy，This also shows that Marxist philosophy in the 21st century politics、New development trends in the cultural field。

　　Chinese Psychology Centennial Development

The development of Chinese psychology also reflects the history of Chinese ideology and culture。Ke Xuan Theory Battle，Ding Wenjiang of the scientific school ordered psychology，"The material we know，This is just a psychological sense of consciousness，Bet365 app download Concept from consciousness，Born from the concept。Science studied at the same concept with this concept "。So，The first generation of psychologists who have been trained in Western scientificist psychology，Ru Tang、Lu Zhiwei、Chen Daqi, etc.，naturally joined the scientific team。But with the rise of the argument to the road dispute，These psychologists obviously have not prepared for this theme，Therefore, most of the later stages of the battle。But another group of Chinese older psychologists，Try to explain psychological phenomena with dialectical materialism and historical materialism as early as the 1920s and 1930s，Among them, including Pan Yan、Gaojueye、Guo Yicen、Cao Richang and Liu Zeru and others。Enter the 50th，Psychology workers in mainland China consciously study Marxist theory，Make the Chinese psychological community the first large -scale、The land of Chengzheng is close to Marxist philosophy。Unfortunately due to short time，Marxist psychology in China does not form a systematic theoretical system，At that time, he could not blend well with traditional Chinese culture。With the implementation of the reform and opening up policy，Western people's native psychology and cognitive psychology enters China，Therefore, Chinese psychology turned to embrace American psychology，Expressing a strong individualist tendency、Cognitive offline research paradigm。until today，Chinese psychology still takes American psychology as the main reference standard。

At the end of the 20th century，Research on local social psychology transmitted from Taiwanese scholars in my country，It was popular for a while。Many people think，Chinese Psychology has found a way out，No longer limited to the framework set by Westerners。Local psychology attempts to resist the special break of Western culture for psychology，Try to study and explain the psychological phenomenon of Chinese from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture。But this attempt does not seem to be very successful，The sound of local psychology has gradually weakened in recent years。Reasons for the reason，Nothing to two aspects。On the one hand，Local psychology is still the result of the color grading of traditional and Western culture。That is，The value of local psychology is，It is a resistance to Western psychology and strong culture behind it，Therefore, fundamentally speaking，Can't leave the Western theory and its basic concepts that compare the background。On the other hand，Local psychology does not consider integrating between traditional culture and Marxism。Although it touches some psychological prototypes accumulated Bet365 lotto review by the Chinese for thousands of years，But only uses traditional Confucian concepts，It is difficult to explain the psychological transformation and mutation of Chinese people who live in the socialist system of Marxism as a guidance。

Therefore，The Chinese psychological community has come to an important crossroad again。The psychological community must deeply reflect on your development history，We must deeply understand the current national conditions and future development trends of China。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，The fate of Marxism has long been with the Destiny of the Communist Party of China、Destiny of the Chinese people、The fate of the Chinese nation is closely linked，Its scientific and truth is fully tested in China，Its people's nature and practicality have been fully implemented in China，Its openness and times have been fully demonstrated in China。The future development of Chinese psychology must adhere to the thinking and discussion of the essential attributes of people in Marxism，We must adhere to reasonable reference to all excellent results of human civilization，Bo Cato Chief、Receive and store，to explore a road of Chinese characteristics that combine Chinese excellent traditional culture with Sinicization Marxism。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences)