Pass review refers to the manuscript of experts and scholars in the same field，Determine whether academic papers are suitable for publishing、The process of cominging on the opinion。Pass review has always been an important cornerstone of academic journals。But，The controversy of prejudice and adverse effects on the evaluation of the academic community，It has always existed with this system。Because of this，The peer review system can be continuously adjusted and optimized。Jürgen Huber, a professor of financial professor of Financial University in the University of Swuk, a papers recently published by people and others.，During the peer review process，The author will suffer different treatment due to the different reputation and status。

 

In this study，The research team of Yulgen Hubel sends a research paper written by the Nobel Prize winner and a little -known research assistant to the three groups of manager.，But the author's name of the author can see three groups of reviewers，The Nobel Prize winner、Research Assistant and anonymous。results show，When the author shows the Nobel Prize winner，Only 23%of people are advised not to publish; when the author shows as a research assistant，This data is 65%; when the author is anonymous，48%of people are advised not to be published。Based on this，The conclusion that the researcher concluded is，Pass review should adopt a two -way anonymous mode，That is, the reviewer Bet365 app download and the author do not disclose their identity，To promote fairness。

 

This research causes widespread discussion。Prejudice problems existing in peer reviews，Researcher Serge P. J. M. Horbach、Senior Researcher at Tony Ross Hellauer, a senior researcher at the University of Graz, Austria, and Ludo Waltman, a professor of quantitative scientific research at Leiden University of the Netherlands, recently issued a post on the official website of the London School of Political Economics，The two -way anonymous mode cannot deal with the problem of prejudice。The pros and cons around the two -way anonymous mode，How to optimize the peer evaluation mechanism and other questions，Our reporter interviewed Harolol。

 

　problems existing in two -way anonymous system

Herolol and others wrote in the article，They agree with the research theory and experimental process of Habel and others，But disagree with its conclusion。They think，Although the two -way anonymous mode can more effectively reduce the occurrence of prejudice from the results than the unidirectional anonymous mode，But the problem is not solved from the root cause of prejudice。So，The two -way anonymous mode cannot solve the problem of prejudice in peer evaluation。Herolol thinks，People have overestimated the effectiveness of the two -way anonymous mode，Some studies indicate，In the two -way anonymous mode, the manager can identify the author's identity according to the language style or opinion。

 

Herolol said，Most reviewers are still focusing on evaluating whether it is novel or important，This is an important reason for prejudice。The journal will be biased to choose those who will be referenced in large quantities、The most influential papers Bet365 app download published，Therefore, there will be many prejudices，and the two -way anonymous mode will not affect the review of the reviewer。Herolol and others advocate adopting a new type of review，Reduce attention to the importance of research，"If we change the evaluation system，Is the dissertation important、Make a meaningful evaluation，Just reviewing it from a technical perspective，So you can largely reduce or even eliminate prejudice "。

 

other，Two -way anonymous mode will also hinder open scientific practice，open review mode such。The two -way anonymous mode requires that it cannot be disclosed before the manuscript was officially published，In the pre -printing book and "Published -Review -Selection" and other modes，The author needs to publish a paper pre -published on the Internet that has not been published in the official publication。Herolol thinks，Pre -printing this mode is the evaluation form that has developed rapidly in recent years，Improving the evaluation efficiency，Let the information facing the public earlier，It is conducive to academic contention。This is especially true during the new coronary pneumonia epidemic，Pre -printing this mode speeds up information dissemination。

 

The rise of pre -printing this mode means that more and more authors put the manuscripts on the Internet before the peer review，Once the manuscript surfes the Internet，The two -way anonymous mode is difficult to work。Herolol said: "The two -way anonymous mode and pre -printing this mode are difficult to compatible，and we think，Pre -printing this mode is a major progress，Status in priority development。It should be considered on the basis of this knowledge bet365 Play online games how to eliminate prejudice，We suggest transparent the evaluation process。”

 

　　Important connotation of open peer review

Open peer review is an important pillar of open science，But the academic community has not formed a consensus on its standardization definition。Herolol systematically reviews and sort out the "Open Peer  Review) important connotation。He summarizes the open peer review into three main forms: open reviewer and author information、Public peer review report、Open public participation。

 

Herolol introduced to reporters，When it comes to the open peer review，The first thing people think of is the identity of the public author or reviewer。The timing of the reviewer's identity is also relatively diverse，It can be disclosed during the evaluation process or after the review is completed。For example，During the review process，The author will not receive any message，until I receive the notification of the manuscript，The name of the reviewer will be disclosed with the peer review report。

 

Herolol said，The public review report shows the opinions and suggestions of the manuscript for the manuscript，It is an important form of an open peer review。Public evaluation reports have the following benefits: first，It is conducive to promoting academic exchanges and development。"The public review report will be of great benefit to academic development，In particular in the field bet365 live casino games of humanities and social sciences。The top experts in the industry discussed around the article，These conversations contain many valuable important information，Help academic exchanges and development。"" 2，Public Review Report、Realization of transparency Bet365 lotto review can also solve the problem of predaterJournal (Predatory Journal)，That is for the purpose of profit for profit、Periodicals that are not performed at all or carried out false peer reviews。If an open review，Requires public review report，It will effectively reduce the chaos of the journal market。third，The journal team is relatively closed，Editors tend to invite fixed experts to participate in the review，It will also avoid inviting some groups。Public evaluation report is conducive to breaking traditional，Promote the diversified development of journals。

 

Herolol mentioned，The third aspect of the open peer review refers to public participation。During the open review process，People can comment，Diversification of the review opinion。Herolol said，The author publishes the pre -print on the Internet，It will also submit the article to the journal，Readers can leave a message to feedback after reading the pre -print，At the same time，Reviewer of the journal、Edit and the author will also have a dialogue，Organic combination of two conversations helps to increase the scientific and rationality of the evaluation。

 

Herolol said，Compared with the mode of the result of only the result of the two -way anonymous hiding process，Open peer reviews can make the review process transparent，More conducive to solving the problem of prejudice in academic。

 

　　The field bet365 live casino games of humanities and social sciences urgently need to innovate the evaluation method

Different research fields have their own specific review mode tradition，The common mode in the field bet365 live casino games of humanities and social sciences is a two -way anonymous review system，Innovation and development in evaluation and publication is slower。Herolol thinks，The field of humanities and social sciences should be actively innovated in the peer review system，Because open peer reviews in this field will play a greater role。

 

Just as the scholar of the University of London Marcel Knochelman, as mentioned in its research，Compared with subjects such as physics and biomedicine，Pass reviews of the humanities do not depend on "abstraction、Objective quantitative content "，Instead, it depends more on "Consensus issues within the level of reviewers or editors"。Usually，Pass reviews are more like quality levels，The correctness of the methodology and conclusions needs to be judged，This is clear and valid in the scientific field，Because scientific and objective facts are directly associated and there are standard answers。But，In the field bet365 live casino games of humanities and social sciences，Research more dependence theory and personal interpretation，So，For the humanistic discipline，Peer reviews should pass dialogue、Discussion、Opinions exchange to complete。In this case，Public peer review report can encourage more people to participate in discussion，to optimize demonstration and understanding。

 

When talking about the evaluation mode suitable for the field bet365 live casino games of humanities and social sciences，Herolol tends to adopt the "Release -Review -Selected" mode。This mode is first released online，Comments from the reviewer，At the same time, the public can also participate in comment，Finally, by screening the articles recognized by all parties。This emerging mode can provide a collection of related special research topics，Help readers understand the research background，and the method of directly bet365 Play online games providing related articles links to add added value to the original text，This model is expected to become the reform direction of brand journals。