The term "growth" was proposed by French social philosopher André Gorz in 1972，and received wide attention in the early 21st century。"Deepen" as a political and economic theory，It is believed that developed countries should not pursue economic growth in one side，Instead, it should achieve a steady state economy with sustainable development by slowing economic growth。Under the concept and policy of sustainable development and protecting the ecological environment，After more than 40 years of development，The framework and content of the growth theory are becoming clearer and rich。Recent，Jason Hickel, a professor at the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona Autonomous University in Spain, published research results in the journal of Nature，Focus on the responsibility of developed countries in global energy consumption、The implementation of the relevant policies of the "growth" and many challenges facing future research。Change in the world、Changes in the era、The change of history is under the situation that is unfolded in an unprecedented way，Growth mode topics in Western countries have once again become a hot spot for the academic circles。

　　bet365 live casino games

Current，The global economy basically focuses on growth.，Many countries、Region、Fields and industries all strive to increase yield。Hitel and others think，This infinite growth method accelerates climate change and ecological collapse，Run away with the goal of improving human welfare and reducing the destruction of the ecological environment。High -income economies and its dominant enterprises, as well as the wealthy bet365 Play online games class, are consumed global resources at an unsustainable speed，It has the main responsibility for the problem of sustainable development。

Experts in the field of ecological economics call on developed countries to abandon the growth of GDP in China as a target，Reduce destruction and unnecessary production form，The focus of economic activities is on ensuring human needs and well -being。At the same time，"Remove" is a purpose，It will continue to release energy and materials for those low -income countries that still need to grow，Aiming to achieve economic stability and social and ecological goals。​​"Deepen" is different from recession，Recessing means chaos and social instability，It mainly occurs when some economies that need to be growing fail to achieve effective growth。

In recent years，The method of "de -growth" is because it can achieve rapid decarbon、Features of stopping ecological destruction and improving social achievements，Very attention of many parties。Special Committee of the United Nations Intergovernmental Climate Change and World Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Services The Report released by the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform in the Government.，In the process of dealing with the challenge of the loss of biological diversity and ecological collapse，Policies of "growing" should be focused。Specifically，First, reduce unnecessary production。This means to reduce the scale of the destructive industry，For example, fossil fuel、Large -scale production of meat and dairy products。At the same time，Extend the service life of the product and reduce the purchasing power of the rich。Second is to improve public services。Make sure high -quality medical care、Education、Housing、Traffic、Internet、The popularity of renewable energy and nutritional bet365 Play online games foods，Improvement of public services can produce a strong social effect when reducing the use of resources。Third, introduce green employment protection。Improve labor skills around urgent society and ecological goals，The labor force of continuously improving the labor force of the recession or the sunset industry is re -employed after laid -off。Fourth is to reduce working time。Such measures can reduce carbon emissions，Let people freely engage in nursing and other activities that improve benefits，and further stabilize employment with unnecessary production activities。Five is to achieve sustainable development。This requires reduction and low -income countries that are unfair and unable to repay the debt，Contains unequal transactions in international trade，and re -adjust the production capacity，To adapt to changes in social goals。

　"Decoming" key research field

Current，Some countries and cities have introduced policies related to growth。such as，Many European countries provide free medical and education; Vienna and Singapore are famous for high -quality public housing; Finland、Sweden and New Zealand are conducting testing time and providing basic income。Hitel and others think，The above policies are some preliminary attempts，Want to implement a more comprehensive "growth" strategy in a safe and fair manner，The academic community also needs to focus on the following areas。

First，Reduce dependence on growth。The development of the global economy depends on growth from various aspects，such as，Social welfare is usually funded by tax，Enterprise relies on expected growth to attract investors。Researchers need to identify this "growth dependence"，Then propose a solution。such as，Enterprises should not give priority to the short -term financial benefits of shareholders，Putting social and environmental bet365 live casino games interests first，and consider the social and ecological costs of production activities。other，Balanced national economy needs to be combined with economy、New macroeconomic model of society and ecological variables，and use it to predict the re -distribution tax、Public services, etc. to the impact of growth policies。But，Existing models usually only pay attention to a single country，Cross -border dynamics such as capital and currency flow。such as，When the market is panicked when the low growth of a country，The country may transfer its capital to overseas，Therefore, it has a adverse effect on the currency of the country and increases the cost of lending。Therefore，New models need to consider international cooperation that can strengthen the control of capital flow border，The influence of and modeling cooperation。

Next，Introduction to the new form of financing provides funds for public services。The government can stop various subsidies for fossil fuel mining，Set up a wealth tax to increase public resources and reduce inequality。From the perspective of economics，If the demand increases more than the economic production capacity，You must control the risk of inflation，Currency for public services can reduce the inflation of living costs。At the same time，By encouraging sharing and collaborative consumption、Encourage measures such as renovation and maintenance infrastructure，can also reduce people's demand for material products。

again，Expansion of the test scope of working time。Existing evidence indicates，Short shorting of working hours can reduce the work pressure of employees，Improve sleep status，Keep productivity at the same time。But most experiments are concentrated in the public sector of the Nordic countries，​​and North bet365 best casino games America、Some private companies in Europe and other regions。Can this method be in different regions、Different industries, etc.，It needs further inspection and evaluation。other，It is also necessary to further study the cost of shortening the per capita employees、The income of employees in different industries and the impact of final carbon emissions。

Last，Reinstalling resource supply system。Current，No developed countries meet the basic needs of their residents in a sustainable way。The resources occupied by high -income countries are significantly higher than their due share，and some low -income countries are facing the situation of lack of resources。Researchers need materials other than energy、Land、Water and other resources are considered into consideration，Research Housing、Traffic、Communication、Medical Care、Education、Food and other supply systems，Think about what social and institutional changes can improve the supply system、What types of supply systems are the most social and environmental benefits。

From the opinion of Hickle and others，Western countries are now facing no longer whether growth will encounter limits，How to promote social prosperity without growth，Future to ensure sustainable development。This requires large -scale mobilization economics、Sociology、3901_3917。To get more research funds，"Decoction" research also needs to improve major economies such as the United Nations Conference、Follow and Discussion on the Environment and Climate Forum。

　Sound coexistence of support and critical sound

Current，The public's attitude towards economic growth is changing。European public opinion survey shows，Most people put their well -being and ecological goals on growth; public opinion surveys in the United States and the United Kingdom show，People support to increase work guarantee and reduce Bet365 app download working time。Supporters of "Deepen" said，"Depending on Growth" is not advocating a tightening policy，It is not allowed developing countries that are eager to improve living standards to slow down development，but "Think from a sufficient perspective"。Sam Alexander, a researcher at the Melbourne Social Research Institute of Melbourne Sustainable Social Research Institute of Melbourne in Australia, believes，"Depending on Growth" represents a new social or economic model，Its foundation is the resource demand of a planned economy to shrink the economy，By improving the ecological environment, everyone's quality of life。This does not mean that people want to retreat to the "lifestyle of primitive society"，Instead, people in developed countries reduce excessive consumption behavior，Live a comfortable life with less money。

Despite this，The theory of "Devading" is also a critic of critics。Andrew McAfee, chief scientist at the Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, believes，This is a disturbing、Unrealistic concepts，It is a battle to reduce consumption in order to cope with climate change，Economic shrinkage under "Decoction" may cause unemployment、Enterprise failure and other uncertainty，Reduce the income of enterprises and the government，R & D expenses and innovative activities will also be reduced as a result。At the same time，There is evidence to indicate，Developed countries can reduce pollution without affecting growth，No need to pollute the country、Enterprises with large resource consumption move to developing countries，Instead, it directly reduces pollution in China through intelligent supervision。other，Under the common effect of technological progress and market forces，Solar energy and wind energy become cheaper，and gradually replace coal power generation，Bet365 app download The cost of responding to climate change is further reduced。

Critical viewpoints，Supporters of "Decoming" think，The reason for criticism is difficult to establish。Because countries around the world are pursuing infinite economic expansion，To reduce carbon emissions and protect the fragile ecosystem，It is bound to consume more energy。More growth means more energy consumption，More energy consumption makes it more difficult to achieve decarburization in the short term。