Protection of biological diversity has long become the world consensus，But the scope and protection method of biological diversity has always been the focus of people's debate。Where，How to set the human community, especially those characters near the community of the protected area，It is a hot spot that the foreign academic circles have been concerned in recent years，Including how to weigh the relationship between the interests of these communities and ecological protection、What form and degree to jointly undertake the cost of ecological protection and the income obtained with the surrounding communities、Who is the standards and processes that dominate or supervise the protection of biological diversity。

Based on these problems，The Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Barcelona, ​​Spain, Victoria Reyes-García and others published in the American Academy of Sciences on January 3rd. Sexual reveals the threat of cultural importance species "，It is proposed to use biological cultural methods to strengthen the connection between humans and nature，Support society -ecosystem long -term sustainable development。Around this topic，The reporter interviewed the research team。

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For a long time，People mainly rely on ecological standards to determine how to protect nature，The judgment is based on the fragility and recovery of species。Now，More and more people call for adjustment of this standard，Consider the human itself。Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, a scholar at the University of Minnesota Environment Research Institute, and others in the study of "Draw an important natural asset of the earth"，Many natural resources that are of great significance to human development rely on the local Aboriginal community to maintain，bet365 Play online games They maintain the balance of these important ecosystems with their own ancient social and cultural systems，Created huge value for the world。

Sandra Díaz, a researcher at the National University of Columba, Spain, is the common author of the "Biological Culture Faintness Revelation of Cultural Heads"，She also expressed the same view，I believe that the friendly relationship between the protection of nature and human beings, especially the relationship between nature and the locals is important，This connection not only helps the indigenous people to maintain daily life，It is also conducive to local natural ecological protection。

Reyus Garcia and others proposed in the text，In terms of social and ecological burden and income distribution of protection measures，Aboriginal people around the world have suffered unimaginable unfair treatment。Only paying attention to ecological standards is not enough to cope with biological diversity crisis，It will also ignore the social social community、Culture and livelihood needs。The author thinks，When the connection between humans and non -humans in nature disappears，The relevant knowledge and related cultural elements of this species will be diluted or even disappeared，The result is a cultural disappearance。To deal with these potential conflicts，Reyos-Garcia and others appeal，Don't break the relationship between people and other parts anymore，Method of biological culture。They introduce to reporters，The main feature of biological cultural methods is that they value many contacts between the aboriginal people and nature，and is committed to considering the consideration of these connections into decision -making。

Biological cultural methods first used in 2015，This method integrates Aboriginal Management、Practice of theory such as ecological anthropology and other fields。Assistant Professor of Natural Resources Humanities and Humanities of Colorado State University Michael Gavin and others in studying the papers "The Protection of Biological Culture"，define the biological bet365 Play online games cultural method as: "To maintain mutual dependence、Dynamic society of interaction — the protection action taken by the components of biophysics and social culture in ecosystems。"This definition emphasizes that the biosfage and social and cultural parts of the social ecosystem are interconnected，and can be maintained through the process of protecting the protection of biological cultural methods。

Reyas-Garcia Tell reporters，When following the biological cultural method design protection plan，To first protect the cultural value of the object，For example, in line with the social norms and religious understanding of the aboriginal people，and a wider worldview、Value and Knowledge System, etc.。Local culture and its value is usually the economic value of natural landscape and wild animals、spiritual meaning or religious meaning related，This correlation is usually reflected in religious rituals、Social customs、Social specifications and other aspects。For example，Aboriginal people may protect a certain species or place due to cultural importance，Any destruction behavior will become taboo。

Reyas-Garcia emphasized，Pay attention to species、Landscape、Places and other protective objects of the protection objects，Because they have an important role in shaping the cultural identity of a group。These protection objects are diet、Medical or mental practice has shaped the cultural characteristics of a nation。Reyas-Garcia Example，There is an aboriginal group in South America，The name of the name of their ethnic groups in the local language means "the people of Chilean Shanyou"，The seeds of Chilean Shanyang are one of the food sources that this ethnic group depends on。So，Chilean Nanyang Shan has a significant cultural value for local aborigines，When implementing protection, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the two。

　　Use a new method evaluationDetermine the list of cultural importance species

According to researchers，Recent biological cultural methods have obtained bet365 Play online games a series of applications，Some focus on protecting species，Some focus on protecting natural landscapes。Wild animal and plant protection，International has recognized species、Landscape、Cultural value of the place，and the important role of the identity and role of individuals and groups in the formulation and implementation of protection measures。Biological cultural indicators and achievements research project explores the question of how biological cultural indicators selected by Aboriginal people can help improve the traditional protection plan。Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage (referred to as GIAHS) is also one of the important attempts，The selection criteria should not only have rich biodiversity，It should also meet the needs of the economic and cultural development of the local society。

Reyus Garcia and others mentioned，Although there are some excellent attempts，But in the current related research, there is still a mechanism that lacks it in global scope，This may be because the relationship between coordination and nature needs to be targeted at the specific environment and social situation，Therefore, it is difficult to design an universal mechanism。

To help all parties of the society use biological cultural methods to guide decisions，The author proposes a framework，This framework synthesizes the protection status information of important biology and culture，Set a new measurement standard，called "Biological Cultural Status"。Researchers can use language vitality to evaluate biological cultural status，That is the strength of language communication function，Including the scope of language use、expression ability, etc.。Researchers said，Language is the main means of cultural communication，When the language disappears，expression of culture、Naming、Use、The ability to spread knowledge will disappear。

Researchers have evaluated the status quo of biological culture that is important to humans globally，The list of cultural importance species is determined，bet365 best casino games Species that play an important role in human cultural identity，It constitutes religion、Basis of cultural spirit and social cohesion。Researchers have determined 385 cultural importance species through reviewing the literature and actual investigation，Among them, mainly plants。These species are important for different social and cultural groups，Among them, mainly Aboriginal (57%) and ethnic groups (21%)。The list of protection status of this species will provide more powerful support for the culture of these species。

　　Biological cultural methods need to be improved urgently

When talking about the challenges currently facing biological culture methods，Reyas-Garcia said，This view conflicts with the current mainstream protection concept，The mainstream protection method advocates the original state of not being affected by humans。Breaking the connection between humans and other parts of nature is conducive to the recovery of nature。Comparison of comparison，Biological cultural methods believe that eliminating this association will lead to the decline in the status of nature and the quality of human life，The cultural connection between nature and human beings will also be affected，Some unique knowledge or behaviors related to culture will also face the risk of disappearance。

Canada puts forward in the thesis "The Protection of Biological Culture"，Transforming into a biological cultural protection method may face at least four challenges。First, cross -institution coordination question。Management of human behavior is the basis for implementing protection，As American economist Douglass North said，The institution is a "artificial design constraint，Used to build politics、Economic and Social Interaction "，The agency can provide a key guidance framework，So，Effective institutions are necessary prerequisites for the success of ecological protection。But，Because the protection goals are different from the time and space that the community to be coordinated，Protecting the diversity of biodiversity requires a variety of Bet365 app download environmental related institutions，and get the area、Support of institutions at all levels of the country。other，Local institutions also need to obtain sufficient power to have more autonomy，Then achieve more innovation。，Reyas-Garcia also holds a similar point of view，She proposed，The implementation of biological culture methods also requires coordination of cross -school scientific scholars，For example, linguistic scholars need to understand different languages、Anthropologist analyzes different world views，jointly help ecological scholars understand the relationship between nature and humanity，to formulate a targeted protection plan。

Second, the use of biological cultural methods requires respect for a variety of different knowledge systems and integrates，can be applied to the protection plan。But，Because these different knowledge systems are based on different episodes，So the integration and integration of this knowledge system is not easy。Biological diversity and ecosystem serving the intergovernmental scientific policy platform also recognize this problem，and call for collaboration between different knowledge systems。

Third, the biological cultural method call for the scope of expanding protection，Pay attention to the cultural value of the protection object，But by funding restrictions，The scope of protection projects is usually limited，Therefore, biological cultural methods may be regarded as a limited amount of funds in non -necessary methods。Gavin thinks，Expand the scope of protection、Increasing cooperation targets may require more time and funds，But these short -term costs are worthwhile，It will bring more sustainable、Effective and impartial protection actions，Long -term advantages are very significant。

Fourth is the social -ecosystem is dynamic，The protection plan needs to be continuously adjusted to adapt to the social and ecological conditions that are continuously changing。This also further put forward requirements Bet365 app download for local autonomy，Local power requires greater power to deal with new challenges at any time。With the growth and change of the knowledge system involved in biological cultural methods, and the advancement of social learning，The protection plan must also be adjusted。

Reyas-Garcia Call，I hope that more scholars from different countries and disciplines can join the study of biological cultural methods，Species of cultural importance species together，Put forward a new sustainable solution for the protection of biological diversity。