As early as the European Renaissance，There is a great poet，He is hailed by future generations as "the prophet of hope"，Pioneer as a pioneer regarded as the bud of Western humanism，His thoughts are widely spread in Italy and other European countries，Become a symbol of an emerging literature and political trend。Many of his classic works inspired the writer of the Renaissance、Politicians and thinkers，Not only has epoch -making significance in the history of European literature and world literature，Also politics、Philosophy、Religion and other fields have had a profound impact。He is the Italian poet Dan Ding。

Recently，Surround the background of the era of Dan Ding、Dan Ding's works represented by "Divine Comedy" and their ideological research in the world's current situation，The reporter interviewed Albert Russell Ascoli。Askori has long been committed to Dante and his work research，I have "Ding Ding，The experience of a modern writer "and other books。During the interview，Astoly expressed the deep understanding and unique insights of this literary master in combination with his research experience。

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"China Social Sciences": Great characters are often born in special times。Dan Ding's late European Middle Ages for the whole Europe, especially Italy,，is a very special period。In the preface of the Italian version of the "Declaration of the Communist Party"，Engels commented like this Dante: "The end of the feudal medieval and the beginning of the modern capitalist era，It is marked by a big character。This character is Italian, Ding Ding，He is the last poet in the Middle Ages，At the same time, the first poet in the new era。"What do you think of Engels' evaluation of Dante?

Askori:This evaluation of Engels reflects the "historical inevitability" of Dante's era and the "historical inevitability" that Ding Ding has stood out in this era。Of course, a large number of excellent poets and new poetry works have emerged in the late 13th and early 14th century.，But，Deepness of the content of the work、The richness of the subject matter and the literary achievements reached by the works，No writer can compare with Dan Ding。

Dante's era belongs to the end of the European "Dark" Middle Ages and the beginning of modern Europe，The old feudal system in the Middle Ages is about to collapse，The emerging bourgeoisie accompanied the germination of the currency economy to emerge。In this context，As an ideological and cultural liberation campaign that opened in Italy and then expanded to Western European countries，Renaissance reveals the prelude to modern European history。Italy, which is prosperous in urban economy，Intellectuals of the status of Christianity and their hypocritical abstinence disgust spread on a large -scale social level，Dante is exactly what happened during this historical turning period。He is like the "giant" at the intersection of the crossroads of the new and old alternation.，Write your own thoughts with your work、Concept and values。His world -famous work "Divine Comedy" can be called an epoch -making milestone，Deep nostalgia for the ancient Greek Roman culture and Latin culture，At the same time, the emerging humanistic ideological characteristics of the Renaissance was incorporated at the same time。

It can be said，This historical turning period, Europe's unique social soil provides important objective conditions for the formation and shaping of Ding thought。First，In the 12th and 13th centuries，Italian intellectuals represented by Thomas Aquinas are widely advocated by the philosophy and theology of the scholarship，and Arabian thinkers represented by IBN Rushd (re -discovery "and vigorously spread the ancient Greek philosophy，A far -reaching impact on Dante's philosophy。Second，In the era of Dan Ding，Primitive capitalism is forming，Although Ding is subjectively resisting this，But this historical facts objectively deeply affect his thoughts and behaviors。Third，The appearance of the Fang Ji of the Fang Ji (one of the Catholic Terminals in the Catholicism) in the early 13th century has greatly affected the religious thoughts reflected in Ding's works。Fourth，The rise of the "dialect and poetry style" in France and Italian in the 12th and 13th centuries of the 12th century enlightened Dan Ding。In an era with Latin as the main literary bet365 best casino games language，Dante chose to use his familiar Florence dialect，Makes the work closer to ordinary people。This method of using dialects has greatly affected the development of Italian literature later。

　　Political insights beyond the limitations of the times

"China Social Sciences": Dante's work revealed a strong political tendency，Reflects his deep attention to the Italian social and political change。In Dan Ding's view，People's behavior and destiny are affected by political forces，He is therefore called to realize the true self -redemption and destiny changes of the country and individuals through political reform，This idea is also greatly reflected in his work。What do you think of this?

Askori:Indeed，As you said，But Ding is not only a great poet，It is also a great politician。In Italy in the 13th century，The GHIBELLLINO conflict represented by the Ghibellino of the Holy Roman Emperor's GHIBELLLLINO with the conflict of the Pope's GHIBELLLINO is the basis for shaping but Ding's political concept。Dan Dan Ben, who was born in a declined noble family, has a rich experience in politics，But later was expelled from Florence and was exiled for life because of dissatisfaction with the corruption of the Pope。The unsatisfactory and life of life and life of political career，Makes his opinion on politics surpassing the limitations of some times。

In multiple senses，But the political color in Ding's early poetry is not strong。Dan Ding's understanding of his works and functions of his works has undergone substantially changes after he was exiled。Whether it is a fierce criticism of the political situation in Italy and Europe，I still idealize the possibility of alternative political order，Both in "Divine Comedy" and his political book "Theory of the Emperor" can be seen everywhere。

"Divine Comedy" from hell chapter、Purgatory and Paradise Template，Describes Dan Ding's travel experience in the soul journey。Although "Divine Comedy" is a religious epic，But also covered Dan Ding’s political views。Where，Hell and purgatory are depicted as full of corruption、Places of betrayal and injustice，Inside the concerns of Dan Dan's concerns about the reality of the political power of Italy at that time and the critical criticism of the medieval feudal system。Compared with other works of Dan Ding，"Divine Comedy" in the comprehensiveness of the content、originality and other aspects are bet365 best casino games unique，Not only reflects Dan Ding's poetic style as ever，also increased the dimension of political life and theological prophecies。

other，Dante in "Emperor's theory"，systematically explained his political proposition with the inference method of the scriptures。But Ding Zhuo's ideal of the Roman Republic，Therefore, in this work, I imagine a sacred Roman Empire with inclusive value -the meaning of the existence of the empire is not just rule，It is also helping to establish a world order full of justice and peace。Dan Ding advocates realizing peace in Italy、Unification and freedom，Against the intervention of the Pope and the aggression of foreign forces。He thinks，Only one powerful and just monarch can achieve social order and political stability，Maintenance and morality，To achieve people’s dusty happiness。This work reflects Dante's monarchy and idealized political wishes，It also created one of the earliest and clearest separation doctrines in the West。The theory of separation of politics and religion is regarded as a major core topic of modern Western social and political system，There is still far -reaching impact today。

　　Inquiry of human lifeconstitutes a trend of humanistic thought

"China Social Sciences": Dante's theme contains a lot of thinking about morality and humans。His masterpiece "Divine Comedy" is regarded as a work that explores human life，Expressing to God、Thinking of the relationship between faith and human beings。In Dan Ding's view，There is a close connection between people and the world。Humans he described in "Divine Comedy" is a trivial existence，Need to rely on faith and action to understand the true meaning of the universe。How do you interpret this?

Askori:Indeed，Dante's work shows strong attention and attention to the inner emotions and life experience of human beings。Just as the German historian Erich Auerbach pointed out，Dan Ding in various chapters of "Divine Comedy"、Model human life experience and portrayal of social reality，Shining with a strong humanity glory，It constitutes an important trend of humanistic thought。This trend is affirmed by human wisdom and value -even though humans are small and weak in front of God，But through the active efforts of this world, be able to get rid of the humble soul，to reach the ideal level of the ideal。Dan Dan's humanistic feelings exposed with the widespread self -conscious awakening of the Renaissance during the Renaissance。

In my book "Dan Ding，In the experience of a modern writer，I call Dan Dan "a bold literary experiment"。Dan Ding knows clearly，The "Divine Comedy" he created will become a work that cannot be successfully imitated.Compared，For the presentation of human real life in this life and the world of life and the giant presence of the giant style，Affirmation of secular culture in the vulgar sense，There is also a high sense of praise for human character。

Dante's creative process, especially from the writing "Freshman"，A lot of critical thinking in your own poems。In the middle and late stages of his creation，This kind of thinking is increasingly placed in the late Middle Ages politics、Law、Philosophy、Theology、Culture and other broad backgrounds。I think，Dante's thoughts are a valuable literary heritage，Greatly inspired other writers such as the Renaissance, such as Peterrak、Bo Gaqiu、Creation of Alisto and others。At the same time，Dante's own creation is also affected by ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Virgil and other ancient Roman poets。In the first third chapter of "Divine Comedy"，You can find a large number of Virgil's shadow，Dan Ding took Virgil as his leader through "hell" and "purgatory"。Virgil is the incarnation of rationality and philosophy in Dan Ding's heart，Represents Dante's respect for ancient Greek Roman culture，More entrusted by humans to reaches the light from darkness after tempering test、The beautiful wish from confusion to truth。

　　Eternal characters in the history of Western poetry

"China Social Sciences": In addition to the thought conveyed in the work，Dante’s creative method and skills are also highly respected by future generations。For example，The lyrical style and narrative technique used in "Freshman" are quite different from Dan Ding's other works。How do you evaluate Dante's narrative techniques in this work? In addition，What are the other works of Ding Ding in terms of literary skills?

Askori:"Freshman" describes the emotional experience of Dan Ding and ideal lover Bayatelizi and the tragedy of her soul early。The entire work uses prose -style narrative connecting 31 lyric short poems。From the reflection of major issues of society，This work cannot be comparable to "Divine Comedy"，But it is fresh and natural、The delicate and sincere lyric style makes it strong infectious，Welcome to readers of future generations。In "New Birth"，Dan Ding uses many symbols and metaphors to express his emotions and thoughts，This symbolic style has also become a significant feature of Dante's later works。

In the early stage of political exile，Dante also completed the creation of "Banquet"。This work is based on the life experience before and after Dante forced to exile，Dan Ding made prose comments on some of his poems in his works，This method is very novel。Dante breaks through the restraint of the traditional "poetic" framework，Greatly surpass the "what should poetry should be" restrictions for creation。At the same time，He uses the first person in the works such as "Divine Comedy" and other works，"Self -comment" as the protagonist of the story，This way of writing is almost unprecedented in Western literature traditions。5902_5928，Dan Ding, on the basis of admitting and respecting the traditional literary model that has always dominated the West，More the individual creativity and personal achievements in the work，This indicates that Western works take a big step towards the "personalized" author's concept。

　　"China Social Sciences": Last，Please introduce the status quo of Dante's research in the world。Dan Ding and his works are still welcomed today? in the case of，What do you think is the reason?

Askori:No doubt，Dan Ding and his works are still popular in Italy, even Europe and the whole world。"Divine Comedy" and other classic works are still widely read，Dante's name is still recognized and admired in the field of modern European history research，and the crystallization of Ding's works is also shining in the long river of world literary history。It can be said，Dante's far -reaching impact on future generations is to span the time and space，It can be comparable to Shakespeare and Milton in the UK。In my opinion，Dante and his work still have important research value today。

Dante has a strong social influence in Italy，The founder of the modern Italian social culture，Italy is regularly held every year, but the Ding -related academic seminar or the anniversary of Ding's birthday。In Japan and India，People are also interested in the literary bet365 best casino games thoughts and political views of Dante's works。His political insights have been attacked by some European extremists，In recent years, he has even been defined by a few groups as the founder of the very right -wing fascist political culture -this aroused the anger of the world's countries, but the followers of the Ding follower，It exactly indicates that Dan Ding's strong influence "halo" and his long -lasting and unique personality charm。

Dan Ding puts individual strength in the way of grand vision，Personal experience into the overall ability of the universe，Putting justice、Peace and Love as the key to human happiness，and constantly examine the self -provincial efforts of their poets，Both are destined to be an immortal in the history of Western poetry、Unforgettable characters。