Cooperation in the Asia -Pacific region has always been distinctive locality，At present, a variety of cooperation systems centered on the Southeast Asian National Alliance (ASEAN) coexist，The biggest feature is open and tolerant。Looking back at the history of cooperation in the Asia -Pacific region，ASEAN is the earliest successful practitioner of regionalism。The most basic cooperation specification of ASEAN is the "ASEAN method"，This specification spreads from Southeast Asia to the Asia -Pacific region in the historical practice of ASEAN。The knowledge contribution and practical significance of the "ASEAN method" lies in the concept of cooperation in Southeast Asia in which it contains the cooperation in the Asia -Pacific region，Formed open regionalism。This openness reflects the meaning of the two layers of internal and external: First, do not exclude countries in the region to participate in regional cooperation，Second, keep welcome to regional participation in regional countries，This also makes the "ASEAN" surpass the ideological concepts of Southeast Asia，Evolution to the practical specifications that promote open regionalism。

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"ASEAN Method" generation，It has its deep historical background and cultural foundation。ASEAN Founded in a big country's confrontation、The Cold War period opposite the camp。Before the establishment of ASEAN in 1967，Southeast Asia has also established some cooperation systems，Such as the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization、Southeast Asia Alliance、Ma Fei Yin Alliance, etc.，But in the end, they all moved to the end。One of the important reasons is that these regionalist practices have obvious opposing intent、There is a clear threat cognition，instead of open and inclusive multilateral mechanism。In the context of contradiction between the confrontation between the confrontation bet365 Play online games and the internal countries of the region，Some of these early regionalist practices have failed to move，Some forced to transform。This has also contributed to the reflection of regionalism in Southeast Asian countries and the thinking and improvement of ASEAN internal organization and decision -making method for leaders of the founding member states of ASEAN。How to coordinate national interests and regional interests within ASEAN，It is an important challenge facing after the establishment of ASEAN。So，In the early days of the establishment of ASEAN, multilateral military security cooperation will be avoided as an important regional specification，The principle of non -intervention sovereignty is applicable to the relationship between Southeast Asian countries and its relationship with foreign countries，so as to coordinate the relationship between the country。Starting in the 1990s，Especially after the establishment of the 1994 Eastern Union Area (ARF) was established，ASEAN diplomats and leaders have begun to use the word "ASEAN method" frequently，It has aroused extensive discussions on the "ASEAN Method" in the academic and policy circles。

The current recognized "ASEAN Method" has multiple meanings，For example, negotiation and consensus decision -making based on local characteristics of Southeast Asia, and informal，It also includes the general behavioral code of the international community，For example, do not interfere in the principle of internal affairs、Territory integrity and peaceful resolution conflict，3065_3094。"ASEAN Method" itself has the characteristics of openness and tolerance，Persist in reaching the whole consistency through informal negotiation，Non -compulsory、Informal and other characteristics shaped the flexible characteristics of ASEAN participating in regional affairs，It represents ASEAN's behavioral specifications。International scholars represented by Amata Azaa are the first to analyze the historical evolution of ASEAN from the norms and behavioral models of ASEAN，"ASEAN bet365 best casino games Method" is regarded as the core of building a collective identity in Southeast Asia。

In practice，ASEAN successfully participated in solving Cambodia、Conflict issues such as East Timor，Absorb Vietnam、Cambodia、Myanmar and Laos and other countries，Realized internal expansion of ASEAN。The comfort principle contained in the "ASEAN method" avoids the pressure caused by ASEAN when dealing with the internal problems of member states。Take the process of joining ASEAN as an example of Myanmar as an example，After the status of ASEAN observer is obtained，Apply to join ASEAN in 1996。But，In late September 1996，Social turmoil appears within Myanmar，Thailand and the Philippines have expressed strong concern to the qualifications to give Myanmar ASEAN，Think that you need to re -evaluate the "constructive contact" policy。But Singapore、Indonesia、Vietnam and Malaysia both expressed their opposition，I believe that the attitude of the two countries violates the principle of non -interference，deviate from the basic spirit of the "ASEAN"，In the end, Myanmar was officially joined in 1997。This can be seen，"ASEAN Method" resolution of contradictions on member states，The decision -making method that reflects the principle of non -interference in bet365 Play online games the internal affairs and consistent negotiation，It has contributed to the expansion of ASEAN。

It is the recognition of the ASEAN countries' concept of the "ASEAN method" that has promoted the construction of ASEAN community，Maintaining regional peace after the Cold War。ASEAN also uses a gradual process to guide、Relatively loose mechanism、The "ASEAN Method" that pays attention to coordination and comfort has exerted the key role in the construction of regional order。

　Promote the formation of open regionalism

　　At the beginning of its establishment，ASEAN will not exclude the addition of other countries in the region。Internal and external integration is the regional development of ASEAN for regional development，ASEAN will not be because of the political system between the country、Differences in the concept of value and abandon the development of regionalism and the construction of regional order。In Southeast Asia，The "ASEAN Method" with the same negotiation becomes a powerful guarantee for the strategic living space of SME countries，For ASEAN，Can focus on common interests and promote cooperation。After the Cold War is over，​​ASEAN pays more attention to the open tolerance of external dimensions，The negotiation multilateralism followed by its dominant East Asian cooperation is extension of the connotation of the "ASEAN method"。Open regionalism is an important feature of the East Asian process，"ASEAN Method" promotion of open regionalism can be promoted by attracting great powers to join the "Southeast Asian Friendship Cooperation Treaty" (TAC)、ARF and the "ASEAN+" mechanism three important cases to investigate。

First of all, add TAC's specifications for large powers。The TAC advocated by ASEAN is open to all countries outside the domain，"ASEAN Method" although emphasized and non -compulsory，But joining TAC is the primary condition for the establishment of a dialogue relationship between out -of -domain countries and ASEAN。Although this is a soft constraint，But these foreign countries all agree with the norms emphasized at the standardized level，is the sovereignty of mutual respect for the treaties of the treaty、Basic principles such as territorial integrity and national characteristics。

Followed by ARF incorporate the big country into its own dialogue cooperation，Forms an open and inclusive security system architecture。In the ARF framework，The great country is coordinated in ASEAN -centered dialogue structure。ASEAN established a regional order in line with regional peaceful development through ARF，This regional order is based on the "ASEAN method" specification，provides channels for countries with conflict concepts to participate in negotiation。

Finally, the operation of the "ASEAN+" mechanism。The tolerance of the "ASEAN Method" has contributed to the establishment of the East Asian cooperation bet365 Play online games system of the "Little Mara Motor"，such as "10+1" "10+3"、East Asia Summit, etc.，Created an open and inclusive regional cooperation mode for ASEAN。

The contribution of "ASEAN" to the Asia -Pacific regionalism is to form a cooperation system centered on ASEAN，ASEAN has also built institutional powers living in the cooperative network center。Asia Pacific's regionalist opening degree, the higher the degree of openness，The central status of ASEAN is increasingly consolidated，ASEAN as the center can maintain the dominant role of ASEAN，It can make the "ASEAN method" continue to exert its influence，Maintain a relative balance between various forces。ASEAN incorporates the great power into the standard system advocated，Enhanced its own initiative and right to speak。Although ASEAN has the important position of Asia -Pacific cooperation，But I didn’t stand for myself，but as a coordinator、Connector，Actively absorb the opinions of all parties，Form the basic consensus that is beneficial to itself。

　　The challenge facing "ASEAN Method"

Although the "ASEAN method" is an important specification guidance of the Asia -Pacific regionalist practice，But the voice of the "ASEAN method" has always existed。Critics believe that the "ASEAN method" is low、Low institutionalization，It is difficult to solve internal problems。"ASEAN Method" pays attention to consensus decision -making and non -interference、Informal principles will cause obstacles to the resolution of repeated regional problems，Drag the cooperation process，For example, the environmental problem governance caused by the continuous trouble of cross -border haze that continues to trouble ASEAN。The non -mandatoryness of the "ASEAN Method" also makes the internal specifications within ASEAN be broken by the member states，It is impossible to effectively restrict the corresponding behavior of the member states。When a member of the ASEAN is facing internal crisis，The ability to supervise or implement bias often lacks supervision or implementation，Sometimes even cause the Bet365 app download internal crisis to fall into a deadlock。For example，When the "ASEAN method" meets Myanmar，Both the positive case of Myanmar when I first joined ASEAN，During the Myanmar crisis from 2021 to the present，"ASEAN Method" is considered to be unable to play a negative case that cannot play a decisive role。From the perspective of regional cooperation experience promoted after the Cold War，The premise of "ASEAN Method" played the role of helping machinery in East Asia's cooperation is that the relationship between large powers is relatively stable。But，Openism in the Asia -Pacific region is facing various threats and challenges，Especially closed、The group politics and small and multilateral mechanisms of the confrontation are emerging，These are all challenges for the "ASEAN method" that seeks open and inclusive in regional cooperation。During the Cold War，"ASEAN Method" helped the "Generation ASEAN" to eliminate external forces intervention，Avoid regional conflicts，Constructed tolerance of open regionalism，Can I continue to help ASEAN to play the role of coordinator and mediation of internal and external relations，Continue to maintain the regional order，Need more ASEAN wisdom。

"ASEAN Method" and open regionalism have a great role in promoting and enlightenment significance for non -Western international relations theory and regional countries。It itself reflects the native concept of Southeast Asia，From "ASEAN Method" to Southeast Asian regionalism，Then establish the ASEAN as the centered Asia -Pacific cooperation system，An open Asia -Pacific regionalism that surpasses European regionalist experience，This process itself is the vivid expression and success demonstration of the "ASEAN method" from conceptual to practice。As a kind of diplomatic culture produced from the practice of local southeast Asian，"ASEAN Method" Although there are shortcomings，but not a stress -free，Its connotation is also expanding，So today's ASEAN still adheres to the use of the "ASEAN method" to prudently handle bet365 Play online games the internal affairs and diplomatic issues of ASEAN countries。Past，Respecting each other、Consistent negotiation、Taking care of the comfort of all parties as an important principle is the "ASEAN method" to give cooperation kinetic energy to the Asia -Pacific region.，So in the future, you still need to adhere to the "ASEAN method" for a long time，Asia Pacific regionalism can maintain peace、Development、Open and tolerance。

(Author Unit: Peking University Region and National Research Institute、School of International Relations at Peking University; School of International Relations at Peking University)