Social science research bet365 free bets are academic issues that scholars generally pay attention to。Facing the increasingly complex world and society，In order to enhance the explanatory power and persuasiveness of one’s research results，Under the premise of given research topic and research materials，Scholars need to choose the most appropriate method to conduct research。However，About what is the most appropriate research method，Relevant discussions in academia have been ongoing。Commonly used research bet365 free bets in the fields of humanities and social sciences、Respective advantages and application issues，This reporter interviewed Malcolm Williams, a professor at the School of Social Sciences at Cardiff University in the United Kingdom, and Mario Small, a professor at the Department of Sociology at Columbia University in the United States。

　　The two research bet365 free bets are equal and complementary

There are many research bet365 free bets in humanities and social sciences，Can be mainly divided into two categories: quantitative bet365 free bets and qualitative bet365 free bets。Williams told reporters，Quantitative bet365 free bets largely follow the logic of natural science。It shows the relationship between variables through data，Aimed to provide an overview of the phenomenon、Relationship capture and trend prediction, etc.，Specific bet365 free bets include experimental research、Research、Observational study、Statistical analysis、Case studies, etc.。Qualitative bet365 free bets are based on scientific reasoning，Mostly developed in a more humane way。Qualitative bet365 free bets focus on what classical sociologist Max Weber called Verstehen，That is, trying to understand the intuitive reasons and deep intentions of human behavior。Qualitative bet365 free bets are dedicated to exploring “why” and “how” a social phenomenon occurs in a specific context，Helping people understand the world they live in。Specific bet365 free bets of qualitative research include in-depth interviews、Observation method、Focus group method、Ethnographic bet365 free bets and text analysis bet365 free bets, etc.。

Williams said，Qualitative and quantitative bet365 free bets work differently，Just as you cannot accuse a refrigerator of not cooking food、Criticizing the oven for not being able to refrigerate food，Their respective roles and functions are different。The key to quantitative bet365 free bets is measurement，To change attributes、Behavior、Attitude、Belief equal quantification。The importance of quantitative bet365 free bets is self-evident，Every country has conducted a census，This work is very necessary。In China、United States、UK、France、Germany and other places，bet365 free bets for collecting and analyzing data are developing well，For example, psychometrics already has very precise quantitative bet365 free bets to measure human behavior、Attitudes and Beliefs。Qualitative bet365 free bets can deepen the understanding of the characteristics described in quantitative research。For fields such as anthropology、For developing countries and other regions，It is especially important to apply qualitative bet365 free bets，Go deeper、Flexible、A research object-led approach can better uncover the reasons behind phenomena。

University of Malaya scholar Looi Theam Choy，Transliteration) research thinks，Quantitative bet365 free bets have two significant advantages。One is swiftness，Ability to manage and evaluate within a short period of time，And present the results in charts and other forms；The second is unity，With clear standards，Be able to quantify respondents’ opinions into intuitive numbers，And facilitate comparisons between different scholars and organizations。At the same time，The characteristics of quantitative bet365 free bets also put forward some requirements for the research itself，For example，Quantitative research requires a large number of samples，Large-scale research cannot be conducted when resources are scarce。Therefore，It is difficult for some developing countries to conduct thorough quantitative research。And through qualitative bet365 free bets，Researchers can explore deeper perspectives。This is very important，Because to understand a group it is necessary to understand what factors drive their behavior。Another advantage of qualitative bet365 free bets is the flexibility of the survey process、Broad、Freedom，Researchers can ask participants many important and relatively complex questions，Expand more in-depth observation and discussion。Because qualitative research is dedicated to exploring the reasons behind human behavior，The process takes time，More scholars need to invest more energy，It is therefore difficult to carry out large-scale investigations。Content provided by participants in qualitative research has greater impact，However，Quantity is limited，It will also be affected by personal experience、Limitations in knowledge background, etc.。

What needs to be noted is，Quantitative and qualitative bet365 free bets are never either/or，It is an equal and complementary relationship。Quantitative research relies on information gathered from qualitative research，Qualitative research can further interpret the results of quantitative research。Williams uses his own research as an example，He used the quantitative method of capture-recapture to count the homeless population，Includes age、Rich information such as gender ratio。But explore the “story” of why they were homeless and their current experiences，It is necessary to apply qualitative bet365 free bets，Use interviews、Focus groups and other bet365 free bets to explore the reasons。

　　Application varies by country and discipline

Williams told reporters，The application of qualitative bet365 free bets and quantitative bet365 free bets in different countries、There are huge differences between different disciplines。Generally speaking，The humanities mainly use qualitative bet365 free bets to conduct research，But in recent years，Some historians have begun to apply quantitative bet365 free bets to classify and model historical processes。Research bet365 free bets applied in the field of social sciences have both，Varies depending on the specific discipline，For example, economics and psychology mainly use quantitative bet365 free bets，Cultural research mainly uses qualitative bet365 free bets，Other social science disciplines (including sociology、Anthropology、Political Science, etc.) Both bet365 free bets will be applied。He also mentioned，The application ratio of qualitative bet365 free bets and quantitative bet365 free bets differs in different countries。In a huge knowledge market like the United States，Qualitative and quantitative bet365 free bets will be applied in various disciplines。In New Zealand，Except Economics and Psychology，Qualitative bet365 free bets dominate across disciplines，But in recent years，The University of Auckland, New Zealand has been working hard to address this imbalance。Opposite，Slovakia、Quantitative research in Eastern European countries such as Slovenia and Poland has been very mature，Especially in Poland，Quantitative bet365 free bets have become dominant in recent years。In the Netherlands、Countries such as France and Germany，The difference in emphasis on quantitative and qualitative bet365 free bets generally depends on the academic tradition of each university。

Williams said，There is insufficient diversity in research bet365 free bets in the UK。First，The training received by senior scholars has formed a fixed pattern，Scholars tend to continue the tradition of following qualitative bet365 free bets，And continue to teach qualitative research skills to their students。In this process，The problem of insufficient quantitative research and possible bias against quantitative bet365 free bets，It is also passed down from generation to generation of scholars and students。Secondly，Students in the humanities and social sciences fields often avoid taking related courses due to insufficient personal mathematics skills，Resulting in the lack of quantitative skills learning。Again，Some qualitative researchers reject quantitative research，Think about studying society、It is not appropriate to use quantitative bet365 free bets to study the world。In comparison，The United States is more inclined to apply a hybrid approach，Combining qualitative and quantitative bet365 free bets to conduct research。This is largely influenced by American pragmatism philosophy，Many proponents of mixed bet365 free bets insist that both qualitative and quantitative factors must be considered in the research process。To this，Williams advocates rooted in scientific realism，That is, the choice of methodology should be driven by rigorously theoretical assumptions。he concluded，The problem of lack of application of quantitative bet365 free bets exists to a greater or lesser extent in many countries，But countries are also trying to take measures，Strive to strike a balance between the two research bet365 free bets。However，Many solutions are just getting started，It is too early to evaluate the results。

Small’s attitude towards the pluralism of research bet365 free bets is different，He said in the interview，Although there are many research bet365 free bets，However, the development goals of various bet365 free bets tend to be professional。Proficiency in a research method requires years of study and practice，Social science researchers spend years studying a method or research tradition in depth，Including how to observe research objects、Perform experiments、Open investigation、Analysis results, etc.。It is quite difficult to promote professional knowledge production in two or more methodological traditions，Also relatively rare。Therefore，Scholars trained in a certain tradition have difficulty understanding the way other scholars think。Small thinks，Methodological tradition is like language，It’s a different way of thinking about the world。Just as it is difficult for English speakers to understand French speakers，People educated in different methodological traditions also often have difficulty understanding the perspectives of others。For this reason，Methodological diversity，i.e. believe in the practical benefits of different research bet365 free bets and apply a variety of bet365 free bets，Not as common as one would expect。he added，American universities currently have deficiencies in training in both quantitative and qualitative research。The best social science programs do well in training in quantitative bet365 free bets，In causal inference、This is especially true in experiments and other bet365 free bets。Sociology majors have always been good at analyzing survey data，But there are also some departments that specialize in network analysis、Social Psychology Experiment、Provides high-quality training in causal inference。However，These opportunities may not be available in all departments，Few sociology departments have dedicated qualitative bet365 free bets training programs。

　　The “data revolution” crosses the boundaries of research bet365 free bets

In the context of the new era，The discussion on qualitative bet365 free bets and quantitative bet365 free bets has also made new progress。As Williams said，Big data is changing everything，Crossing the line between qualitative and quantitative research，Created some analysis bet365 free bets that were unheard of ten years ago，And bring more possibilities。But at the same time，The rapid development of big data also brings potential challenges，That is, analytical techniques are often in the hands of computer science experts who are not known for their social imagination。For the survival and prosperity of social sciences，Future social science scholars may need to also become computer science scholars。

The new trend Williams said is happening，For example，Social Sciences、The integration of disciplines such as data science and statistics has produced a new academic branch—computational social science，That is, applying big data to conduct bet365 free bets in social sciences。It highlights the value of big data，Improved ability of bet365 free bets to predict behavior。

Small also talked about changes in research bet365 free bets in the era of big data。He said，The surge in big data applications is setting off a “data revolution” in the social sciences。Big data does provide new tools for academic research，But more researchers are aware，Large-scale databases may be intentionally or unintentionally biased，Thereby affecting the research results and even leading to "pseudo-scientific" conclusions。Qualitative bet365 free bets can be effective at this time，Prevent these problems from happening。For example，The application of qualitative bet365 free bets such as in-depth interviews or field observations is not only necessary to understand the background and actual situation，Also helps confirm data quality，Better interpretation of data results。

In his study, Small analyzed the importance of qualitative bet365 free bets to social science bet365 free bets in the context of big data，Lists a range of roles that qualitative bet365 free bets can play，Includes understanding the data selection process and understanding algorithms to confirm data quality and its impact on study results；Build trust with respondents to seek authentic feedback；Conduct qualitative pre-testing for quantitative bet365 free bets，Determine more reasonable and accurate variables，Thus predicting the theoretical model、Provide strong support for quantitative bet365 free bets...Small said，These are just some of the importance of qualitative bet365 free bets，But enough to show，With the increasing popularity of large-scale data sets，The importance of qualitative bet365 free bets continues to increase。On advice to social science scholars，Small said，It is important for scholars to be aware of the biases and limitations that using big data may bring to bet365 free bets，When conducting social science bet365 free bets in the context of the data revolution, we should pay more attention to placing the interviewees at the core of the work。

Williams believes that social science scholars should be more humble in their academic attitude。He found，Natural science scholars are often more open to admitting their own opinions on what research bet365 free bets should be used、Having doubts about how to find answers to research questions，This is relatively rare among social science scholars。Williams said，Some researchers who lack qualitative or quantitative research skills may choose to avoid or reluctantly try，This will inevitably affect the research results。Academics should be more humble and willing to cooperate，Learn from and collaborate with people who actually have relevant skills。

Research bet365 free bets in the field of Chinese social sciences，Williams said he didn’t know much about it，He believes that the origin of social science in China is very different from that in the West。He told reporters，An academic conference he attended in Paris a few years ago compared the social research bet365 free bets of French-speaking countries and English-speaking countries，He believes that such activities can help enhance understanding of research bet365 free bets in various countries，Therefore，If there are academic activities with the theme of comparing Chinese and Western research bet365 free bets，Beneficial but harmless to scholars and academic research。