Social science research methods are academic problems that scholars are widespread attention。Facing the increasingly complex world and society，To enhance the explanation and persuasion of your research results，On the premise of given research topics and research materials，Scholars need to choose the most suitable method to carry out research。But，What is the most suitable research method about what is the most suitable research method，Related discussions in the academic world have been continuing。Commonly used research methods in the field of humanities and social sciences、The advantages and application of their respective applications，The newspaper reporters interviewed Malcolm Williams, a professor at the School of Social Sciences at the School of Social Sciences of Cardiff University and Professor Mario Small professor of the Department of Sociology at the University of Columbia。

　　Bet365 app download

There are many research methods of humanities and social sciences，It can be divided into two categories: quantitative methods and qualitative methods。Williams told reporters，Quantitative methods to a large extent follow the logic of natural science。It shows the relationship between variables through data，A designed to provide phenomenon outline、related capture and trend prediction, etc.，Specific methods include experimental research、Investigation Research、Observation research、Statistics analysis、Case Study, etc.。The qualitative method is based on scientific reason，Most of them are expanded in a more humane way。The qualitative method pays attention to the understanding of classical sociologist Max Weber (Verstehen)，That is to understand the intuitive cause of human behavior and deep intention。The qualitative method is committed to exploring a social phenomenon "why" and "how" occur in a specific background，Help people understand the world they live in。The specific methods of qualitative research include in -depth interview、Observation method、Focus Group Law、Ethnic Chronicles and Text Analysis Methods。

Williams said，Different bet365 Play online games qualitative and quantitative methods，As if the refrigerator cannot be accused of cooking food、Criticive oven cannot refrigerate food，Their respective roles and functions are different。The key to the quantitative method is to measure，To attribute、Behavior、Attitude、Faith and other quantitative。The importance of quantitative methods is self -evident，Various countries have carried out a census for the population，This job is very necessary。In China、United States、UK、France、Germany and other places，Methods of collecting and analyzing the data are developing well，For example, there are already very accurate quantitative methods for psychological measurement to measure people's behavior、Attitude and belief。The qualitative method can deepen the understanding of the characteristics described in quantitative research。For anthropology and other fields、For developing countries and other areas，Applied qualitative method is particularly important，More deeper、Flexible、The method of research objects can better dig the cause behind the elephant。

Scholar of Malaya University Cai Yanbin (LOOI Theam Choy，Transliteration) Studies believe that，There are two significant advantages in quantitative methods。One is fast，Can be managed and evaluated in a short time，and present results in the form of charts; the second is unity，Under the condition of clear standards，Can quantify the opinions of the respondents into intuitive numbers，and compare between different scholars and organizations。At the same time，The characteristics of the quantitative method also put forward some requirements for the research itself，such as，Quantitative research requires a lot of samples，Large -scale research when lacking resources。So，It is difficult for some developing countries to carry out thorough quantitative research。and through the qualitative method，Researchers can explore deeper views。This is very important，Because it is necessary to understand what factors are needed to drive their behavior。Another advantage of the qualitative method is that the investigation process is flexible、Broadly、Freedom，Researchers can raise many important and relatively complicated questions to the participants，Expand more in -depth observation and discussion。Due to qualitative research, Bet365 lotto review it is committed to exploring the reasons behind human behavior，Process time，More scholars need to invest more，Therefore, it is also difficult to conduct a large -scale survey。The content provided by the participants in qualitative research has a greater impact，But，quantity is limited，I will also receive personal experience、Limitation of Knowledge Background。

What needs attention is，Quantitative and qualitative methods are not that that is, that is,，but an equal and complementary relationship。Quantitative Research Relying on Qualified Research Information，Qualitative research can further interpret the results of quantitative research。Williams uses its own research examples，His quantitative method of quantitative method of caught-recapture counts the number of homeless population，Including age、Gender proportions and other rich information。But to explore the reasons for their homelessness and current experience and other "stories"，You need to apply a qualitative method，Interview、Focus group and other methods to dig the cause。

　　Application is different due to the country and disciplines

Williams told reporters，Application of qualitative methods and quantitative methods in different countries、There are huge differences between different academic subjects。Usually，Humanities Discipline mainly uses qualitative methods to carry out research，But in recent years，Some historians have begun to apply quantitative methods to classify and model historical processes。Research methods for applications in the field of social sciences，Different from specific disciplines，If economics and psychology mainly apply quantitative methods，and cultural research mainly apply qualitative methods，Other Social Sciences (including Sociology、Anthropology、Political Science, etc.) Both methods will be applied。He also mentioned，The application ratio of qualitative methods and quantitative methods is different in the situation of various countries。In a huge knowledge market in the United States，Each discipline will apply bet365 Play online games qualitative and quantitative methods。In New Zealand，Except economics and psychology，The qualitative method occupies a dominant position in various disciplines，But in recent years，The University of Auckland, New Zealand has been working hard to solve this unbalance problem。Bet365 lotto review On the contrary，Slovak、Quantitative research in Eastern European countries such as Slovenia and Poland has developed very mature，Especially in Poland，Quantitative methods in recent years have dominated。In the Netherlands、France and Germany and other countries，The difference of importance to quantitative and qualitative methods generally depends on the academic tradition of colleges and universities。

Williams said，British research methods are not enough。First，Training accepted by Senior Scholars has formed a fixed formula，Scholars tend to continue the traditional method of following the qualitative method，and continue to teach the skills of qualitative research to your students。In this process，Insufficient quantitative research and prejudice that may exist in quantitative methods，Also passed down between generations of scholars and students。Next，Students in the field of humanities and social sciences often avoid choosing related courses due to insufficient personal mathematics skills，Lack of quantitative skills learning。again，Some qualitative researchers exclude quantitative research，I think studying society、Study the world should not use quantitative methods。Comparison of comparison，The United States is more inclined to apply mixed methods，Carry out research in combination with bet365 Play online games qualitative and quantitative methods。This is largely affected by the philosophy of American pragmatism，Supporters of many hybrid methods must consider qualitative and quantitative factors at the same time in the research process。For this，Williams advocates rooting in scientific realism，The choice of methodology should be driven by strict theoretical hypothesis。He summarizes the channel，The lack of quantitative method application is more or less existing in many countries，But countries are also trying to take measures，strive to get a balance in the two research methods。but but，Many solutions have just started，It is too early to evaluate the results。

Smoer's attitude towards the diversification of the research method is different，He said in the interview，Although there are many research methods，But the development goals of various methods tend to be professional。Proctinging a research method requires many years of learning and practice，Social science Bet365 app download researchers take several years to study a certain method or study traditional，Including how to observe the research object、Experimental、Counter survey、Analysis results, etc.。It is quite difficult to promote professional knowledge production among two or more methodological traditions，It's relatively rare。So，Trained by a traditional scholar is difficult to understand the way of thinking about other scholars。Simer thinks，Methodism tradition is like language，Methodism tradition is like language。As people who speak English are difficult to understand the French people，People who receive different methodology traditional education are usually difficult to understand the point of view of others。For this reason，Method Theory Diversity，I believe in the actual benefits of different research methods and apply multiple methods，Not as common as people expect。He added，American universities currently have insufficient training in quantitative and qualitative research。The highest quality social science project performed well in the training of quantitative methods，Inference of causality、Experiments and other methods particularly like this。Sociology major has always been seen by analysis and survey data，But there are also some departments on network analysis、Social Psychology Experiment、Cause and effect inference provides high -quality training。but but，Not all hospitals can provide these opportunities，Only less social science has a special qualitative method training project。

　　"Data Revolution" leapfrog research method boundary

In the background of the new era，Discussion on qualitative methods and quantitative methods has also made new progress。As Williams said，Big data is changing everything，The boundary between bet365 Play online games qualitative and quantitative research is spanned，Created some unheard of analysis methods ten years ago，and bring more possibilities。But at the same time，The rapid development of big data has also brought potential challenges，Analysis technology is often mastered in the hands of computer science experts who are not known for their social imagination。For the survival and prosperity of social sciences，Future social science scholars may need to become computer science scholars at the same time。

Williams said that the new trend is happening，such as，Social Science、The integration of disciplines Bet365 app download such as data science and statistics has produced new academic branches -calculating social science，That is to apply big data in social sciences to carry out research。It highlights the value of big data，Improving the ability to study prediction behavior。

Smoore also talked about changes in research methods in the big data era。He said，Big data application surge is setting off a "data revolution" in the field of social sciences。Big data does provide new tools for academic research，But more researchers realize，Large -scale databases may have prejudice in intentional or unintentional，As a result, it affects the results of the research and even bring the conclusion of "pseudo -science"。The qualitative method can effectively play a role at this time，Prevent these problems from happening。such as，Dign qualitative methods such as in -depth interviews or field observations are not only very necessary for understanding the background and actual situation，It also helps to confirm data quality，To better explain the data results。

Smoer analyzed the importance of qualitative research on social science research in the context of big data，List a series of qualitative research that can be played，Including understanding the data selection process and understanding algorithm to confirm the quality of the data and its impact on the results of the research; establish trust with the respondents to seek real feedback; conduct qualitative prediction test for quantitative research，Determine more reasonable and accurate variables，to predict the theoretical model、Provides strong support for quantitative research ... Smoer said，These are only part of the importance of qualitative research，but enough to indicate，With the increasing popularity of large -scale data sets，The importance of qualitative research is not reduced to increase。When talking about the suggestions of social science scholars，Smoer said，It is important that scholars need to realize the prejudice and limitations that use big data to bring research，In the context of the data revolution, we should pay more attention to placing the interviewees at the core of the work。

Williams believes that the academic attitude of social science scholars should be more humble。He found，Natural scientific scholars can often admit more frankly what research methods should be used、How to find the answer bet365 best casino games to the question of the question，This is relatively rare among social science scholars。Williams said，Researchers who lack qualitative or quantitative research skills may choose to avoid or barely try，This will inevitably affect the research results。Scholars should be more humble and happy to cooperate，Learn from people who really have related skills and cooperate with them。

Research methods for the field of social sciences in China，Williams said he didn't know much about it，He believes that the origin of Chinese social sciences is very different from the West。He told reporters，A academic conference he participated in Paris a few years ago compared the social research method of French countries and English countries，He believes that such activities will help improve the understanding of research methods in various countries，So，If there is an academic activity based on the comparison of Chinese and Western research methods，It is beneficial and harmless for scholars and academic research。