This newspaper comprehensively reports bet365 best casino games foreign media A country’s financial situation and economic development、Political order and governance quality are closely related。Taxation and fiscal capacity determine drinking water、Hospital、Road system、Quality of important projects such as public schools，Related to the welfare and health of the people。Recent reports from the official website of the University of Rochester in the United States，Alexander Lee, associate professor of the Department of Political Science at the school, and Jack Paine, associate professor of the Department of Political Science at Emory University, jointly published a paper "The Great Tax Divergence" in the journal "International Organizations" 》。Lee and Pain discovered，Although the West has established better related infrastructure through long-term fiscal innovation，Before 1913，The ability of central governments in Western bet365 best casino games to collect fiscal revenue is similar to that in other parts of the world。

From the perspective of Lee and Pain，The data used by tax scholars in the past to study early European fiscal revenue lacked representativeness，Leading academic circles to overly general overview of the history of raising fiscal revenue in the UK。The British government developed efficient revenue collection capabilities as early as the 18th century。During the Napoleonic Wars from 1803 to 1815，The British government’s need to increase fiscal taxes has increased significantly。Therefore，Scholars assume，Other Western European bet365 best casino games affected by the Napoleonic Wars also adopted fiscal revenue programs similar to those of the United Kingdom in the process of economic modernization。However, in Pain’s view，The UK is just a special case，Not the pioneer of European revenue-raising programs。

　2015，Lee and Paine set out to study the impact of Western colonialism on the ability of newly independent bet365 best casino games to collect fiscal revenue。The “Western bet365 best casino games” this study refers to，Refers specifically to Western European bet365 best casino games except Belgium and several smaller bet365 best casino games，Plus the United States、Canada、Australia and New Zealand。Researchers collected fiscal data for 18 Western bet365 best casino games and 76 non-Western bet365 best casino games from the 19th to the 21st centuries，And accidentally discovered a phenomenon that was ignored by scholars: until the eve of World War I，There is no significant difference between the ability of central governments in Western and non-Western bet365 best casino games to collect fiscal revenue。Admittedly，Many Asian bet365 best casino games at that time、African bet365 best casino games and former Western colonial bet365 best casino games lag behind Europe in collecting fiscal revenue，But compared to 20th century standards，These differences are still small。For example，1913，Chile and Uruguay have higher per capita fiscal income than any other Western European country。Denmark is now famous for its high taxes，Its per capita fiscal revenue in 1913 was less than Trinidad、Tobago、South Africa、Malaysia、Cuba and Panama。The per capita fiscal income of the United States is even lower than any of the above bet365 best casino games，Only slightly higher than Jamaica。

However，At the outbreak of World War II，There are huge differences in the level of fiscal revenue collection by central governments in Western bet365 best casino games and non-Western bet365 best casino games，And continue to expand after entering the 21st century。For example，During 2010-2019，Government revenue in Western bet365 best casino games averages 43% of their annual GDP，The proportion in non-Western bet365 best casino games is only 27%。Lee and Paine think，Considering that the income level of Western bet365 best casino games is higher than that of many non-Western bet365 best casino games，The gap between the two in per capita fiscal income is even greater。

Researchers said，The phenomenon of sustained and high-intensity fiscal revenue collection in the West in the first half of the 20th century，Related to the fact that Western society has put forward higher requirements for active government actions (such as comprehensive improvement of various public services)。Other objective factors include stronger political will to collect fiscal revenue, etc.。The outbreak of World War I allowed all participating bet365 best casino games to find stronger ideas、More clear motivation for collection，Although the collection process does not get any easier。final，Western bet365 best casino games have improved the administrative efficiency of bureaucracy，Enhanced financial capabilities。They think，Only when a country has sufficient population data、When you fully understand who the government can tax and collect revenue from and the amount of payment，The fiscal revenue system can function better。

　　(Liu Yuwei/Compiled)