American science fiction novelist and researcher Scotia believes: “Science fiction novelists are professional producers of thought experiments in the true sense。”Science Fiction as Thought Experiment,is a thought experiment based on “What if” (if...then...),By some kind of rewriting or resetting of the rules of the real world,Deducing how it affects human nature、Society and even civilization itself。As one of the best contemporary Chinese science fiction writers,Liu Cixin created a series of science fiction works on issues of bet365 horse racing odds and human enhancement,Conducted corresponding thought experiments on the positive and negative functions of bet365 horse racing odds technology in different scenarios。
Since the "He Jiankui Incident" in 2018,The technical risks of human bet365 horse racing odds have triggered concerns from all walks of life。so far,my country has promulgated a series of laws, regulations and ethical norms that strictly regulate the risks of bet365 horse racing odds。For example, Article 1009 of the Civil Code,bet365 horse racing odds “must not harm human health,Do not violate ethics and morals,No harm to public interests”。Nevertheless,Technology related to bet365 horse racing odds、Ethical and legal disputes continue。People wonder: If bet365 horse racing odds is technically safe and effective for treating genetic diseases in humans (embryos),Are there any ethical or legal reasons to prohibit bet365 horse racing odds?further,If safe and effective bet365 horse racing odds to treat serious (genetic) diseases is acceptable,Can safe and effective bet365 horse racing odds enhancements such as “extended lifespan” or “enhanced intelligence” be accepted??For the former,Academic circles generally believe that on the premise of ensuring technical safety and due process,bet365 horse racing odds to treat disease is ethically defensible。The latter is highly controversial in academic circles。Thinkers who support human enhancement include Rawls、Nozick、Dworkin et al,Opponents include Habermas、Sander、Fukuyama et al。
Liu Cixin in his short work "Life" (2003),The bet365 horse racing odds experiment "created" a fetus that can inherit the mother's memories and have high cognitive abilities,However,The fetus who was forced to impose memories developed deep fear and distress about himself and the world,In the end, the fetus ended its own life before it was born。Memory enhancement imposed from outside,It is possible to destroy the subjective dignity of human beings,That is, the possibility of self-determined free will,This may be the inspiration from the thought experiment of "Life"。In the novella "Feeding Humanity" (2005),Liu Cixin envisions the protection and governance of bet365 horse racing odds and artificial intelligence,The social consequences of taking "inviolability of private property" as an absolute constitutional principle: the emergence of "final property owners" who possess all wealth。When artificial intelligence can replace human labor production,bet365 horse racing odds can directly enhance knowledge taste,The "terminal" becomes a kind of person who is essentially different from other human beings,The ultimate species that does not need to rely on others at all: "The rich and the poor are no longer the same species,Just like poor people and dogs are not the same species,The poor are no longer human beings。""Feeding Humanity" constructs a "perfect" virtual scene blessed by bet365 horse racing odds and artificial intelligence technology,Deduced and revealed the subversive changes in society after the unlimited expansion of private property protection,Demonstrate the extreme consequences of making the principle of "inviolability of private property" absolute,Disproves the necessity of reasonably restricting this assumed principle。
Liu Cixin’s reflections and criticisms on bet365 horse racing odds,Shows his respect and love for the dignity and free will of human beings,And the importance of social conditions and legal principles required for human society to maintain freedom and equality。Not only that,Liu Cixin also looked at the perspectives of (nation)-state competition and human survival,Thinking about the positive potential of bet365 horse racing odds。Basic technical settings of the novella "The Age of Angels" (1998),It was Dr. Ita from the small African country of Sambia who invented the bet365 horse racing odds computer programming technology,Can directly genetically program fertilized eggs。Sambian child fused with plant genes,Can feed on grass and leaves,This setting clearly expresses the possibility of bet365 horse racing odds as a tool to improve living conditions and enhance survivability。For third world countries with limited resources,bet365 horse racing odds technology may become an important means to solve the problems of food shortage and harsh environment。
However,The United Nations Biological Treaty promoted by Western countries stipulates the "maximum ban" on human bet365 horse racing odds,Refuse to recognize the legal personality of Sambia’s gene-edited “individual”,And in the name of international law and universal ethics,Force to punish Sambia for “illegal” use of human enhancement bet365 horse racing odds technology。U.S. Captain Blair expressed the "mainstream" ethical thinking in the novel: "Reprogramming human genes is tantamount to putting humans in the same position as machines that he can create at will,This will destroy the entire legal and ethical system foundation of modern civilization。"From the mouth of the wise US military commander Felix,Liu Cixin expressed his reflections on the above points: First,The ethics that prohibits humans from “creating humans” originates from a specific religious culture,There is no similar taboo in Sambian culture。Secondly,The development of technologies such as abortion and in vitro fertilization in the Western world have already broken through the "first ethics"。final,In a battle with a huge disparity in conventional military power,Sambia successfully resisted the coalition attack by using the "flying man" created by bet365 horse racing odds,Safeguarded national independence and national sovereignty。At the end of the story,Dr. Ita expressed his ethics: “Even in the so-called civilized world,As long as necessary,Ethics is secondary...Flying,This is the oldest dream of mankind,No one can resist its temptation。You will see,The devil in imagination does not exist,The age of angels is coming..."
In The Devil's Block (2008), an expanded version of Age of Angels,Liu Cixin further discusses the “inevitability” of bet365 horse racing odds。This is because human warriors in the future society are afraid of sacrifice,Unwilling to fight,Only genetically edited warriors can bear war responsibilities,This is the origin of the "Creation Project" in the story。Like the preface to Hobbes' "Leviathan",Project leader Dr. Ola said that the Creation Project is to imitate God to create humans,However,This triggers a series of ethical issues。For example,The defective products and losers of bet365 horse racing odds,How to "process"?“Humans” mixed with genes from other species,Is it still human??The end of the story,Dr. Ola found the optimal genetic combination of human and other species genes,That is, 10% of the genes of other species。Liu Cixin named Dr. Ola’s ethical stance “species communism”: “If genes between different human races can be combined,For the continuation of the great life on earth,Why can’t genes from different species be combined?...to realize a super-universal world where all species are equal。”
In the fairy tale-like short work "Micro Era" (2001),Liu Cixin imagined the situation in the context of the earth’s existential crisis,bet365 horse racing odds joins hands with nanotechnology to create a happy ending for human beings in the "Micro Era"。The narrator of the story is an astronaut who returned to Earth after a catastrophe,Also the last "human"。He found that emigrating to stars, migrating deep into the earth, or wandering around the earth could not save human civilization from disaster,In despair, he discovered that human civilization still exists in a specific way。This comes from a genetic engineer who reduced the size of human beings by 1 billion times to create "microhumans","Micro-Ren" inherits all the existing knowledge and civilization of mankind,But their 100 billion people only need one hundred billion of the earth’s resources。On the level of material life,Human beings in the micro era have truly realized communism based on distribution on demand。Therefore,Human beings in the micro era are carefree,Nearly realizing "a social form in which the comprehensive and free development of each individual is the basic principle"。
In works such as "The Age of Angels" and "Micro Era",Liu Cixin criticized the thinking boundaries that strictly limit bet365 horse racing odds from the perspective of personal rights and subject dignity,Think about the dialectical significance of bet365 horse racing odds from the perspective of the survival of nation-states and even human civilization。First,A science fiction thought experiment through bet365 horse racing odds,Liu Cixin’s works show that human rights are not just political or property rights,Also includes collective rights such as the right to survival and development,It even includes the right to the continuation of human civilization as a whole。Secondly,At the level of international relations and international law,Liu Cixin’s works remind us,bet365 horse racing odds may be a solution to poverty problems in third world countries、A powerful weapon to enhance the quality of citizens and fight against the unfair international order。final,Facing earth disaster and cosmic crisis,Hints from Liu Cixin’s works,Human beings will “inevitably” use bet365 horse racing odds、Artificial intelligence and other technological methods to transform oneself and respond to crises。So,There is a need to go beyond the simple “risk prevention principle”,A more in-depth discussion on the application of bet365 horse racing odds technology in different scenarios。
(The author is an associate professor at Sun Yat-sen University School of bet365 horse racing odds)
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