Cognitive War This concept quickly became the global academic community in the Russian -Ukraine conflict of 2022、pressing、Popular words in the political world。I have a point of view，Future War will be from five combat fields, that is, land、Ocean、Air、space and network，extend to the field of cognition。But the definition of the cognitive war has not yet obtained consensus，and often with the propaganda war、Psychological War、Public opinion war、Information War、Confusion on the Internet Battle。

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According to the search results of Google's academic search, I found，Cognitive War has appeared in Donald Erlan, a master's degree in the American Navy Institute in 1996 in 1996.，but but，The cognitive war in this article only appears as aliases of information war。In the same year，Cognitive Battle appeared in the form of title in the form of title in the graduation thesis of Adeng B. Dal in the US Senior Air Force Research Institute.，"Observation -Positioning -Decision -Action" (OODA) proposed by the US Air Force Captain John Boyd, a cognitive war framework。This framework includes three categories: command baseline、Pressure source and deception。Command baseline guidance to the cognitive features of the opponent's decision -making，Pressure source refers to giving the opponent's physical and spiritual pressure to limit its decision -making ability，deception means using different types of skills to mislead the opponent to make a decision。"Cognitive War" expressed by Dal is manifested as two features，One is auxiliary，is the auxiliary physics domain (including land、Maritime、Air、space field) military war; second, short -term，It mainly resorted to short -term cognitive effects。

After 2005，Articles that are titled with cognitive bet365 live casino games war gradually increase，For example, "Strategic Influence" 2007 article "In Knowledge -based War: Cognitive War" pointed out，Cognitive War is a war -based war，It is a war in the field of knowledge with knowledge。Although the war has always rely on information, as knowledge，But the knowledge war is not based on information technology that transforms information into weapons，Instead, use the formation of knowledge as a strategy，means manipulating knowledge and incorporating it into a confusion system。Cognitive War is still the scientific research interest of American universities，Military and political strategy research especially emphasizes the decisive role of knowledge。American Navy officer Stuart Green's degree thesis "Cognitive War" in 2008，Cognitive war includes military fraud、Media Propaganda、Inletting and reviewing short -term psychological warfare、Information warfare，It also includes cultivation concept、Culture、Religious、long -term consciousness penetration of ideology、Discourse changes and other means，Its goal is to destroy the enemy's will of the enemy，Even gets the enemy's support for the war，instead of destroying its war ability。

August 14, 2017，The then Director of the US Defense Intelligence Agency Vincent Stuart said at the 2017 Global Conference of the Ministry of National Defense's Intelligence Information System，"The Fifth Generation War is Cognitive War"。August 15, 2017，Digital News Media Director of the United States "Signal" magazine Kimberley Andwood published an article "Cognitive War will become the decisive factor in combat"。September 17, 2017，David Goldfen, then Chief of Staff of the US Air Force, announced at the "Aerospace and Network" conference of the US Air Force Association，"We are transitioning from consumption of war to cognitive war"。The judgment of the US military's strategic position on the cognitive war promoted the series of research in NATO。March 2020，Cognitive war project published Bet365 app download by NATO "Combat 2040: How will NATO will compete in the future" pointed out，Information and cognitive war will play an important role in future conflicts。Autumn 2020，NATO Report: "Cognitive War: Attack on Truth and Thought"。June of the same year，NATO Allied Transformation Command commissioned former French official Francois Dukruzel as the manager of NATO Innovation Center，and sponsor him to conduct a six -month study of the cognitive war。January 2021，Dukruzel released a report "Cognitive War"。June 21, 2021，NATO held the first cognitive war science meeting，Reporting "Cognitive War: Future of Cognitive Leading"。March 16, 2023，NATO issued a report "Relieve and Response the Cognitive War"。

In short，The earliest research on the cognitive war，and pushed NATO's high attention to the cognitive war。Their understanding of the strategic position of the cognitive war has gone through the process of assisting to dominating; the use of objects to the use of objects to citizens; decision making，To information control, using a large amount，Then technical control, using neural technology、Nano -technology and other cutting -edge results to control、Change the entire cognitive process。Brief words，In the technical control stage，Research on the Cognitive War focuses on opening the cognitive "Black Box"，so as to use the brain as a battlefield，Taking nerves as a target of weapons。

　The connotation and characteristics of the cognitive war

The emergence and evolution of the concept of cognitive war is the rise of cognitive science、Development、Complete products。Cognitive science began in the 1950s，Is a interdisciplinary scientific research，The working principle aimed at studying the working principle of human brain and mind，Including language、Perception、Memory、Note、Reasoning and Emotional mental abilities，In particular, how to express the nervous system、Processing and conversion information，Involved in linguistics、Psychology、Artificial bet365 live casino games Intelligence、Philosophy、Knowledge in the fields of neuroscience and anthropology。Cognitive Psychology of Cognitive Science、Neurology、Cognitive Neuroscience、Brain Science、The impact of artificial intelligence on the war of cognitive and practical cognitive war is particularly prominent。Cognition is through thought、Psychological behavior or process of experience and sensory knowledge and understanding。Brief words，Cognition is the acquisition of knowledge，Including perception、Note、Thinking、Imagination、Memory、Judgment and evaluation、Inference and calculation、Solution and decision -making、Understand and generate language, etc.。So，Cognitive War is also known as knowledge war。Based on this，Cognitive war refers to the principle of cognitive，Use various means to interference、Change the cognitive process of the enemy，Control the knowledge of the enemy，Use the cultural values ​​and thinking methods of distorting the enemy，and ultimately affect decision -making，Obstacles to help the enemy's action。

Before the concept of cognitive war appears or popularized，War that compete for the enemy's mind is named a propaganda war、Psychological War、Public opinion war、Electronic war、Information War、Network War。Among them, the propaganda war、Information War、Online warfare emphasizes practices、Weapon、field，Public opinion war and psychological war emphasizing goals。

Specifically，Publicity war and information war are just controlling information flow，The object is mainly soldiers，The content is mainly about the battlefield、Tactics; Cognitive War also regulates people's interpretation and response to information，The object also includes the public，The content of the information is mainly cultural values ​​and ways of thinking。Internet wars mainly refer to using social media networks to spread malware, that is, virus attack computer network system，The cognitive war is to use social media networks Bet365 lotto review to spread malicious information，If the zombie account generated by artificial intelligence has long spread a large number of false or misleading information，To construct or reshape people's cognition。Main changes to psychological warfare、Lix the psychology of soldiers，The cognitive war is trying to change the cognition of everyone in the entire country。Public opinion war pays more attention to guiding public opinion through mass communication，The cognitive war also focuses on interpersonal communication、Group communication to shape cognition。At the same time，Different mechanisms of formation and cognition are different，As a result, public opinion is prone to reversal and public opinion war.，Cognitive War is long -term。So，The cognitive war tries to make the enemy psychologically not resist、Prevent，or deviate from your own goals，Destroy the enemy from the inside out。Another，Because the cognitive war is the use of cognitive mechanism，It is basically invisible，Just see it for its influence。

　　cutting -edge technology in the cognitive war

The cognitive war not only integrates all the elements emphasized by the above concepts，and add new content，Main manifestations as various cutting -edge technologies。This includes nanotechnology，Suxi robot technology、nano sensor、nano structure, etc.; Biotechnology，Such as biological genome technology、Biological Engineering Technology、Neuropharmaceutical Technology, etc.; Information Technology，Such as artificial intelligence technology、Microelectronics technology、Wearable or embedded electronic technology, etc.。So，Cognitive Battle is also considered by technology to change the art of others' cognition。

American neural ethics scientist James James Jameduo describes the brain as the 21st century battlefield，and study the weapon of neuroscience。Because the perception biological manifestation is the connection of neurons and the formation of neural circuits，Therefore, the theory of inertia or weakness Bet365 app download of nerve coding information，Formation of cognitive deviation、The possibility of cognitive errors、Performing manipulation、Dripping or manipulation of attention breadth、Cognitive pressure induction、Use of cognitive fluency，All become tactics of cognitive war。If you use nanotechnology、Embedded or wearable electronic equipment、Neuroscience、Chemical cognitive enhanced agent to enhance soldiers' cognitive ability，Repair nerve injury，Quickly remove fatigue，Expand the limits of exercise capabilities，Create "Super Warrior"。Read the captive's brain information with the use of brain -machine interface technology，or erase the memory of the captive make it a spy，Even from the brain of the injured officer and soldiers to the brain of other teammates to the brain to remember、combat skills and war information，To enhance teammates' cognitive ability。

The Internet and the social media that they have led to、Big Data、Automated algorithm、Artificial Intelligence, etc.，Not only can manipulate the release of network information，and can manipulate all aspects of the recognition of netizens。First use artificial intelligence to generate photos as avatars，"Independence" news institutions and false personal registered accounts that are impersonated by false fake。These accounts copy and paste the same content，Cycle speculation，Creation of popular labels cause topic discussion。Next，Use social media and big data to use portrait portraits，Including user habits、Belief、Preference、Relations Network, etc.，Find the weak will among the enemy、Value is not firm、Users who are most likely to be attacked by their own values ​​or intentions。again，Use the algorithm to accurately push the information、Direct sorting of online search results，to form a filtering bubble、Information Cocoon Room、Echo Wall，Make netizens perception bias，Leading social consciousness split，Caused anti -social mood，Bet365 lotto review Detonal social contradictions。Finally through Volkswagen Communication、Interpersonal communication and group communication for a long time、Reports and information push，to change the cognitive structure of the opponent、Value concept and way of thinking。

Therefore，In the digital context，Cognitive War Utilizing high -tech to try to erode every trust that supports enemy society，is an ideological war，Its potential goal is the entire human capital of a country，Therefore, it is also called "Psychological -Social -Technical War" and "Brain Battle War"。

(This article is the strategy of accelerating the construction of international communication capabilities、Process、Effect Research "(22ZDA088) phase results)

(the author is a researcher at the Institute of Journalism and Communication of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)