The concept of bet365 bonus code pa quickly became a global academic topic during the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022、Press、Hot words in politics。Some opinions，Future wars will be fought in five combat domains, namely land、Ocean、Aerial、Space and Cyber，Extended to the cognitive field。However, there is no consensus on the definition of bet365 bonus code pa，Often war with propaganda、Psychological warfare、Public opinion war、Information Warfare、Cyber ​​Warfare Confusion。

　The emergence and popularity of bet365 bonus code pa

Found based on Google Scholar search results，bet365 bonus code pa has appeared as early as 1996 in Donald E., a master's student at the U.S. Naval Academy.In Elam’s dissertation “Attack on Infrastructure: Exploring the Potential Uses of Offensive Information Warfare”，However，In this article, bet365 bonus code pa only appears as an alias for information warfare。Same year，bet365 bonus code pa appears as a title in the US Air Force School of Advanced Studies Arden B.In Dahl's graduation thesis "Command Dysfunction: Thinking about bet365 bonus code pa"，And constructed a bet365 bonus code pa framework based on the "Observe-Orient-Decide-Act" (OODA) theory proposed by U.S. Air Force Captain John Boyd。The framework includes three categories: Command Baseline、Stressors and Deception。The command baseline refers to the cognitive characteristics that lead to the opponent’s decision-making，Stressor refers to the physical and mental pressure placed on the opponent to limit its decision-making ability，Deception refers to using different types of techniques to mislead your opponent into making decisions。The "bet365 bonus code pa" described by Dahl is characterized by two characteristics，One is auxiliary，That is, the auxiliary physical domain (including land、Sea、Aerial、Military warfare in space；The second is short-term，That is, mainly resorting to short-term cognitive effects。

　After 2005，The number of articles titled bet365 bonus code pa is gradually increasing，As pointed out in the article "Knowledge-Based Warfare: bet365 bonus code pa" in the 3rd issue of "Strategic Impact" in 2007，bet365 bonus code pa is a war based on knowledge，It is a war in the field of knowledge using knowledge as a weapon。Although war has always relied on information as knowledge，But knowledge warfare is not based on information technology that converts information into weapons，Instead, use knowledge formation as a strategy，That is, manipulating knowledge and incorporating it into chaotic systems。bet365 bonus code pa is still a scientific research interest in American universities，Military and political strategy research particularly emphasizes the decisive role of knowledge。U.S. Navy officer Stuart Green’s 2008 dissertation "bet365 bonus code pa" believes that，bet365 bonus code pa includes military deception、Media promotion、Short-term psychological warfare such as indoctrination and censorship、Information warfare methods，Also includes cultivating concepts、Culture、Religion、Long-term consciousness penetration such as ideology、Discourse changes and other means，The goal is to destroy the enemy’s will to fight，Even gain enemy support for the war，Instead of destroying its war capabilities。

August 14, 2017，The then Director of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, Vincent Stewart, stated at the Department of Defense Intelligence Information Systems 2017 Global Conference，“Fifth generation warfare is bet365 bonus code pa”。August 15, 2017，Kimberly Underwood, digital news media director of the American "Signal" magazine, published an article "bet365 bonus code pa will become the decisive factor in the battle"。September 17, 2017，David Goldfein, then Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force, declared at the U.S. Air Force Association’s “Aerospace and Cyber” conference，“We are transitioning from a war of attrition to a war of cognition”。The U.S. military’s conclusion on the strategic status of bet365 bonus code pa advances NATO’s series of studies。March 2020，The bet365 bonus code pa Project Book "Operation 2040: How NATO Will Compete in the Future" released by NATO states，Information and bet365 bonus code pa will play an important role in future conflicts。Autumn 2020，NATO releases report: "bet365 bonus code pa: The Attack on Truth and Ideas"。June of the same year，NATO Allied Transformation Command appoints former French official François Ducruzier as manager of NATO Innovation Center，And sponsored his six-month study on bet365 bonus code pa。January 2021，Ducruzier releases the report "bet365 bonus code pa"。June 21, 2021，NATO held its first scientific conference on bet365 bonus code pa，Published conference report "bet365 bonus code pa: A Cognition-led Future"。March 16, 2023，NATO releases another report "Mitigating and Responding to bet365 bonus code pa"。

In short，The United States has the earliest research on bet365 bonus code pa，And promoted NATO to attach great importance to bet365 bonus code pa。Their understanding of the strategic position of bet365 bonus code pa has experienced a process from auxiliary to dominant；Its application targets range from soldiers to citizens；The understanding of its essence has gone through information interference, that is, using false information to interfere with the opponent's decision-making，To control information is to use a large amount of true and false information to influence the opponent's cognitive results，Going to technical control, that is, using neurotechnology、Nanotechnology and other cutting-edge achievements to control、Change the entire cognitive process。In short，In the technical control stage，Research on bet365 bonus code pa focuses on opening the cognitive “black box”，Thus realizing using the brain as a battlefield，Targeting nerves as weapons。

　The connotation and characteristics of bet365 bonus code pa

The emergence and evolution of the concept of bet365 bonus code pa is the rise of cognitive science、Development、Perfect product。Cognitive science began in the 1950s，It is an interdisciplinary scientific research，Aims to study the working principles of the human brain and mind，Include languages、Perception、Memory、Attention、Mental abilities such as reasoning and emotion，Special focus on how the nervous system is represented、Processing and transforming information，Involving linguistics、Psychology、Artificial Intelligence、Philosophy、Knowledge in fields such as neuroscience and anthropology。Cognitive psychology under cognitive science、Neuropsychology、Cognitive Neuroscience、Brain Science、The impact of artificial intelligence on understanding and practical bet365 bonus code pa is particularly prominent。Cognition is through thought、The mental behavior or process of gaining knowledge and understanding through experience and senses。In short，Cognition is the acquisition of knowledge，Including perception、Attention、Thinking、Imagine、Memory、Judgment and Evaluation、Reasoning and calculation、Problem Solving and Decision Making、Understanding and producing language, etc.。Therefore，bet365 bonus code pa is also called knowledge warfare。Accordingly，bet365 bonus code pa refers to based on cognitive principles，Use various means to interfere、Change the enemy's cognitive process，Control enemy knowledge acquisition，To distort the enemy’s cultural values ​​and way of thinking，And ultimately influence decision-making，Hindering actions that benefit the enemy。

Before the concept of bet365 bonus code pa appeared or became popular，The war for the enemy’s mind is named propaganda war、Psychological warfare、Public opinion war、Electronic Warfare、Information Warfare、Cyber ​​Warfare。Propaganda war among them、Information Warfare、Emphasis on different approaches to cyber warfare、Weapons、Field，Public opinion warfare and psychological warfare emphasize the goal。

Specifically，Propaganda war and information war only control the flow of information，The targets are mainly soldiers，The content is mainly about the battlefield、Tactics；bet365 bonus code pa also regulates people's interpretation and reaction to information，It also targets the public，The information content is mainly cultural values ​​and ways of thinking。Cyber ​​warfare mainly refers to the use of social media networks to spread malware or viruses to attack computer network systems，bet365 bonus code pa is the use of social media networks to spread malicious information，For example, using artificial intelligence-generated zombie accounts to spread a large amount of false or misleading information for a long time，To construct or reshape people’s cognition。Main changes in psychological warfare、Disintegrate the psychology of soldiers，The cognitive war strives to change the cognition of everyone in the entire country。Public opinion wars focus more on guiding public opinion through mass communication，bet365 bonus code pa also focuses on interpersonal communication、Group communication to shape cognition。At the same time，Due to the different formation mechanisms of public opinion and cognition，As a result, public opinion is prone to reversal and public opinion wars are short-term；But cognition is not easy to change，bet365 bonus code pa is long-term。Therefore，bet365 bonus code pa attempts to make the enemy psychologically non-resistant、Block，Or deviate from one's own goal，Destroy the enemy from the inside out。Also，Because bet365 bonus code pa is the use of cognitive mechanisms，It is basically invisible，All you see is its impact。

　　Frontier technologies in bet365 bonus code pa

bet365 bonus code pa not only integrates all the elements emphasized by the above concepts，And new content added，Mainly represented by various cutting-edge technologies。This includes nanotechnology，such as nanorobotics、Nano sensor、Nano structures, etc.；Biotechnology，such as biological genome technology、Bioengineering Technology、Neuropharmacological technology, etc.；Information Technology，Such as artificial intelligence technology、Microelectronics Technology、Wearable or embedded electronic technology, etc.。Therefore，bet365 bonus code pa is also considered the art of using technology to change other people’s perceptions。

American neuroethicist James Giordano describes the brain as the battlefield of the 21st century，And studied the weaponization of neuroscience。Because the biological manifestation of cognition is the connection of neurons and the formation of neural circuits，Hence the theory about the inertia or weakness of neurally encoded information，The formation of cognitive biases、Possibility of cognitive errors、Manipulation of Perception、Inundation or manipulation of attention span、Induction of cognitive stress、The use of cognitive fluency，It has become a tactic of bet365 bonus code pa。How to use nanotechnology、Embedded or wearable electronic devices、Neuroscience Technology、Chemical cognitive enhancers to enhance soldiers’ cognitive abilities，Repair nerve damage，Quickly eliminate fatigue，Expand the limits of athletic ability，Create a “super soldier”。Using brain-computer interface technology to read captive brain information，Or erase the memory of the prisoner and make him a spy，Even transfer location memory from the brains of injured officers and soldiers to the brains of other teammates、Combat skills and battle situation information，To improve teammates’ cognitive abilities。

The Internet and the social media it spawned、Big data、Automated algorithm、Artificial intelligence, etc.，Not only can control the release of network information，And can control all aspects of netizens’ cognition。First use artificial intelligence to generate photos as avatars，Pretending to be a fake “independent” news organization and a fake personal account。These accounts copy and paste the same content，Cyclic hype，Remanufacturing hot tags cause topic discussions。Secondly，Use social media and big data to profile users，Including user habits、Faith、Preference、Relationship network, etc.，Find the weak-minded among your enemies、Values ​​are not strong、Users most likely to be compromised by their own values ​​or intentions。Again，Use algorithms to accurately push information、Targeted sorting of web search results，Thus forming filter bubbles、Information Cocoon Room、Echo Bar，Causing netizens’ bet365 bonus code pa bias，Causes social consciousness to split，Causing anti-social emotions，Exploding social conflicts。Finally through mass communication、Interpersonal communication and group communication proceed in the long term、Cyclic reports and information push，Thus changing the opponent’s bet365 bonus code pa structure、Values ​​and ways of thinking。

Therefore，In digital context，bet365 bonus code pa uses high technology to try to erode every trust that supports the enemy's society，It is an ideological war，The potential target is a country’s entire human capital，Therefore, it is also called the "psychological-social-technical war" and "the battle for the brain"。

(This article is part of the National bet365 bonus code pa Science Fund’s major project “Strategies to Accelerate International Communication Capacity Building、Process、Effectiveness Research” (22ZDA088) phased results)

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Journalism and Communication, Chinese Academy of bet365 bonus code pa Sciences)