Knowledge is learning、The learning obtained in the practice process、Experience, etc.。The knowledge system is a collection of countless standard knowledge，is some fragmentation、Scattered、Integration of relatively independent knowledge concepts or viewpoints，To form a knowledge system with a certain connection。Since modern times，The Western Knowledge System has led the development of natural science and social sciences to a large scale，So，How did the Western knowledge system be established? What are its characteristics，What are the disadvantages? Around these problems，Our reporter interviewed relevant foreign scholars。Interviewee said，Human life lives in a diverse world，In this world，The knowledge system is complementary，instead of competition，Western knowledge system cannot also replace the knowledge system in other parts of the world。

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Since modern times，Western knowledge production is based on the philosophical tradition of empiricalism，Refusal to go to school or spiritual field as the source of knowledge，This tradition has a significant impact on Western thought。Empirical tradition is especially in the discipline of natural sciences，It is also very common in the discipline of social sciences。

George Nicholas, a professor of archeology at Simon Fraser University in Canada, said in an interview with this reporter，Western knowledge that people know today，Originally formed in 17、The Enlightenment period of the 18th century。At that time, the Christian Church's political and ideological influence was significantly weakened。Before that，People's understanding of the world comes from the Bible from the Bible to the explanation of all things and why it produces，During the Enlightenment period，This belief and the worship of the church are replaced by the first -hand observation and research institute。The bet365 Play online games result is the rise and development of the so -called natural science。to the end of the 18th century and 19th century，Western knowledge has developed into the science that people are familiar with，such as chemistry、Physics、Geology、Biology, etc.。

In the next few centuries，Early discipline classification has gradually formed an increasingly complete and complex western discipline classification system。Although the source of non -empirical information is part of it，Historical records preserved in the form of written records，But this information is often considered not as reliable as scientific information。In short，All these constitute Western knowledge that people know。

Hassan O. Kaya, Director of the Research Center of Cuizuru Natal University in South Africa, and Maayashree CHINSAMY, director of research, director of research, express，The dominant position of Western knowledge has spawned a point of view，There is only one kind of social reality and a knowledge system，That's the West。The teaching practice of social sciences and humanities in universities in various places is an example.，In these courses, the 19th century Western Europe and North American society continued、Research methods for economic and political thought、Focus on key points and experience discussions。But，More and more people recognize，The ability of a country to construct a knowledge system，The same as material and financial resources，It is important to social and economic development。

　Traditional knowledge has not been fully used

Nicholas thinks，We have a lot of sources of our understanding of the world。For example, archeologists have been dependent on the source of information for human education for a long time，Like a detailed observation record or data obtained from the community you studied directly，to help explain or cross confirm the life of people。

In recent years，Many scholars pay more and more attention to traditional knowledge、indigenous knowledge or traditional ecological knowledge。Nicholas said，These knowledge systems have been developed by countless generations，Bet365 app download Based on the experience of personal and collective learning and the interpretation of the world，Verification of the Elderly Elderly，and convey and guide people's production and life through oral tradition and other records。

Jin Samai said，The knowledge of indigenous people refers to the tradition and method passed down by indigenous communities and culture through long -term development。It contains people's skills、Innovation、Wisdom、doctrine、Belief、Language and opinion，These knowledge is rooted in the local ecosystem，When people are looking for more satisfactory and sustainable ways to share Earth resources，A indigenous knowledge provides an important lesson lesson。In many communities，indigenous knowledge is the core of survival，and provide information for decisions in all aspects of daily life。These knowledge has a community -based、available、The characteristics of affordable affordable，Therefore, it is sustainable，and can provide solutions for global challenges。but，It is still a resource that has not been fully utilized or even marginalized。

Nicholas emphasized，People are talking about "Western Knowledge" and "indigenous or traditional ecological knowledge"，But people ignore one thing，That is, no matter what form it takes，"Knowledge is knowledge"。Everyone has their own understanding of the surrounding world，Sometimes it is dominated by the perspective of "science"，Sometimes it is dominated by the perspective of "science"，But both depend on observation of the world，Different interpretations。In addition to daily events，As the weather、Animal Behavior、Direct observation of causal relationships，It may also be through "supernatural" power、The relationship between humans and "non -human" creatures to explain what happened in the world。Their explanation and understanding of the world is conveyed or shared in a way that non -indigenous people are not familiar with。

"Today，indigenous knowledge has become archeologists、Ecologist、Biologists、National Botanist、Climate scientists and other scholars are Bet365 app download very valuable sources of information，From the medicinal characteristics of plants and the views of biodiversity value to the North American reindeer migration model and intentionally incineration of landscapes to manage specific resources。"Nicholas said。

　　The way to respect the world that respects the world

Nicholas emphasized，Although the value of traditional knowledge and indigenous oral history has been widely recognized today，But many scientists are still swaying in traditional knowledge。When traditional knowledge and other types of local knowledge can support or supplement archeology or other scientific evidence，It is considered valuable。But，When traditional knowledge is regarded as challenging the "truth" of science，Its utilization will be questioned。Science is objective、quantifiable，is the basis of "real" knowledge creation or evaluation，and traditional knowledge may be regarded as a hearing theory、Inaccurate。In fact，In many cases，The content of western scientific research is what the indigenous people already know。

Nicholas thinks，As a way to know the world，There are several important and basic points in common and basic knowledge in Western knowledge: both through repeated and verification、reasoning and prediction、Experience observation and identification rules to understand the world。Although some actions have not left physical evidence，Such as clam breeding，Some experiments cannot be copied，such as cold fusion，But in the knowledge of indigenous people，These knowledge that lacks "scientific basis" may be accepted more widely。

The difference between the two is，The difference between the two is、Restore theory、Level system and rely on classification，and indigenous knowledge do not pursue a general explanation，It has special characteristics in the orientation，and often the situation。One of the key features of Western science is to propose and test hypothesis，to ensure the rigor and replication of the prediction when explaining or making predictions。Although assuming the test is not a feature bet365 Play online games of indigenous knowledge，But rigor and replication are not missing。

Nicholas believes that no matter whether traditional knowledge and Western scientific reasoning support each other，Even conflicts with each other，They also have the value of existence。Fully consider observation and explanation based on traditional knowledge，You can get more predictions、Explanation，Not limited by Western scientific logic，At the same time, you may get unexpected insights。

　　Build an African local knowledge system

Kim Samai believes that European centralism fails to understand the overall nature of traditional African education，Especially the essence of the community。In many African indigenous communities，Children learn in various ways: play or interact with other children，immersed in nature，and help adults engage in work and community activities。People pass experience、Experiment、Trial and error、Independent observation of nature and human behavior，and share information through collective sharing、Story、songs and rituals to learn。

And the current learning system based on Western values ​​limits personal freedom，It also weakened their respect for the community and the elderly，Leading family and communities in education at all levels，The role of higher education is marginalized。In short，The effect of Western education is to emphasize the success of individuals in a wider consumer culture，instead of thriving growth in the environment and the community you are familiar with。Therefore，Kim Sima believes that integrating African local knowledge will not only help protect and promote the knowledge itself，It can also confirm the diversity of the knowledge system and its contribution to the world。

Jin Samai said，The African knowledge system they want、Society、Economy、Environment、Political changes，Handarry、Multi -disciplinary and interdisciplinary、Adaptability based on experience -based learning，At the same time, both accumulation、Dynamic and intergeneration。The knowledge of indigenous people is based on long Bet365 lotto review -term observation of natural phenomena、Experimental and life experience，For agriculture、Health、Grain and Nutrition Safety、Education、Natural Resources Management、Solving conflict and construction peace, and many other social practice decisions provides valuable information。

Another，indigenous language is also an integral part of indigenous knowledge。They can be oral and artistic form，Diversity of knowledge。They are not only tools for communication，And local science、Technology、Innovation、Society、Treasure of Economic and Political Thought。In terms of environmental governance，The interdependence relationship between the local community and its spirit and the natural environment has been fully reflected。People use their experience and symbiotic relationship with nature，Protection of the diversity of biological cultural resources、Restore and sustainable development，benefit the entire society。

Kim Simai believes that the Western knowledge system tends to divide knowledge into different independent disciplines，These disciplines are not culture and ecology -oriented，Instead, it is emphasized to obtain quantitative data from the control experiment，The purpose is to find universal truth。Western empirical research paradigm, which dominates the dominant position, treats the world as objective、No subjective value，You can study、Capture、Understanding and universalization。According to the concept of the West，Knowledge or science can be measured and summarized。Only in society、Culture and morality maintains neutrality，Knowledge production is possible and objective。

But，"We believe that knowledge is based on culture and region，There is no universal reality or worthless science。This requires a paradigm change in higher education，Acknowledge that we live in a diverse world。In this world，The knowledge system is complementary，instead of competition。"Jin Samai said。Therefore，African local knowledge should not be regarded as a "alternative" knowledge system。

Current，Several African universities centered bet365 Play online games on Queru Natal University, united，Deliven in the institution、Country、Area、Systematization of African indigenous knowledge，Including the core business of integrating indigenous knowledge into higher education institutions，Development of recognized undergraduate and graduate teaching，Research、Teaching、Learning and community participation in the spread of indigenous knowledge; coordinate the local community level，Documentization of indigenous knowledge system、Digitalization，so as to save it globally、Communication and protecting African indigenous knowledge system。