September 2017，With the funding of the Chuanhua Charity Foundation，Started the "China Truck Driver Survey" project，It has been five years so far。Our field survey involves more than 20 cities in 10 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities; a total of 32,247 questionnaires are distributed; 449 interviewed truck drivers and related personnel; interview recording time for 27316 minutes，Record text 5157000 words。Based on this，Published 5 volumes of "China Truck Driver Investigation Report"，A total of 1.61 words。

Working in the field，We made some new attempts on the survey method based on the actual situation，Simply state three aspects here。

　　bet365 Play online games

Labor sociology usually uses the "factory ethnic history" method to conduct survey。This method is often used for traditional manufacturing surveys with stable and concentrated labor venues，But in the face of truck drivers and highway freight industry，This commonly used method has encountered huge difficulties。The highway freight industry is different from the general production system，The requirements for various systems of its systems are like car areas、Library and other generally set up along the highway，Scattered in different fields。Truck driver's labor process also has its own unique features，Not collectively work on the production line like factory workers，but individualized operation，At the same time, it has high liquidity。These two characteristics determine that the researchers can hardly investigate the bet365 best casino games traditional factory ethnic history methods。

So，How to carry out field surveys here? Some researchers turn themselves into truck drivers for internal observation。but but，This "participation observation method" is in -depth and effective，But in the micro world，It is difficult to grasp the panorama of the industry。Our approach is different。Drawing on the practice of the revision of traditional ethnic history of anthropology，We also tried to expand the bet365 best casino games traditional factory ethnic history，Make it adapt to the field survey now。

Extension is mainly in three aspects。In the selection of the research base，We are not limited to long -term participation in a factory for a long time to observe，Instead of those areas where my country's highway freight industry is relatively developed，Rulin、Northeast、Different cities in the middle of China，Take staging in batches of various departments of the road freight industry、Methods to enter multiple times to conduct surveys。The advantage of doing this is not only focused on points，And take care of it，Then laid the foundation for the overall grasping industry。

On the selection of research methods，We used field surveys almost all commonly used tools，Including one -to -one interview、Focus Group Interview、Participate in observation (observation with the car)、Questionnaire survey, etc.。When describing the characteristics of the truck driver group characteristics，The way we use questionnaires; when they involve their inherent motivation、Ideological activities and other matters，We use one -to -one interviews and focus group interviews; for in -depth understanding of their work and life，Let's run with the car，Participate in cargo loading, Bet365 lotto review unloading, etc.，That is to collect information with the help of participation observation law。bet365 best casino games traditional factory ethnic history does not use or uses less questionnaires and other survey methods，We are giving up in many ways，VIA more weekly、Grasp the object more deeply。

Finally, the definition of the research object。The main object of our survey is of course a truck driver，But at the same time, various related groups such as logistics providers、loading and unloading workers、Card and even traffic police road administration are included in the inside，From yes, you can learn more deeply from the relationship between a variety of groups and truck drivers，At the same time, you can also grasp the highway freight industry。

The expansion of the traditional factories' ethnic ideas helps us to open the horizon，Grasp the panorama，Putting the work and life of the truck driver placed in a detailed observation and description under the system framework of the entire industry。

　　Update the survey tool

Questionnaire survey is one of the most common means of social survey。But it is very difficult to conduct a questionnaire survey in the face of a truck driver，Difficulties have two。First, when we start the investigation，Lack of relevant basic data。At that time, there were "drivers" in general occupation classification but no "truck driver" category，Therefore, unable to construct a sampling box，No conventional sampling。Second, the high current and atomicization of the truck driver's labor process itself，Make it impossible to conduct surveys along a traditional way to send a face -to -face visit。So，We have to use electronic questionnaires to investigate from the beginning。Truck Bet365 app download drivers have generally used smartphones after 2013，This provides prerequisite for the implementation of this method of investigation。

There are many differences in the survey of electronic questionnaires and traditional questionnaires，There are many matters that need attention during use。First is the questionnaire design for simple。Since the respondent answered questions on your mobile phone，If there are too many questions contained in the questionnaire，Questionors need to slide frequently and turn the page，It is easy to cause boredom and give up the answer sheet。Therefore, it cannot be designed too complicated questions，Our experience is to set up a closed topic with general settings，It is better to control the answer time within 20 minutes。But the limited topic determines the limited information it provides，Therefore, the electronic questionnaire survey cannot be alone，It must be combined with field interviews，The information obtained by the interview to make up for its deficiencies。

Secondly, you need to master the distribution channel。Our experience is，The distribution of electronic questionnaires will be relying on a certain organization/system。The main supporter of our distribution of electronic questionnaires is the truck driver organization "Chuanhua · Anxin Station" established by the Chuanhua Charity Foundation，Its site covers more than 300 counties in 27 provinces, autonomous regions and cities。The advantage of issuing a questionnaire is to ensure that the interviewed truck driver receives the questionnaire，The defect is inevitable that it is suspected of "system distortion"。So，We have always referred to the data obtained by Bet365 app download the survey as "passing data"，Readers are requested to pay attention to the boundaries of these data and related analysis。

Except for questionnaires，Facial visits are also commonly used by field work。But，During the epidemic period, the city is blocked frequently，Frequent visits cannot be realized。In this case，"Online Interview" has become an alternative of emotions。Actually，The 5th volume of our survey report is generally used by "online interview" income information。​​Like an electronic questionnaire，"Online Interview" is also beneficial and disadvantaged。Its advantage is that it can overcome space obstacles and communicate directly with the respondents，The disadvantage lies in the chance of losing the meaning of capturing the meaning of the silence，This kind of opportunity is only available in a face -to -face situation。

　　Reconstruction of the "Survey Report" narrative style

The main results of our survey are presented in the style of five volumes of "survey report"。But the emphasis is emphasized here，Our survey report has its own uniqueness。

If you look at the works of the current sociological circles，There are two extreme trends in most works in most works。One can be called "excessive conceptualization"，The experience content provided is thin and empty，But to try to construct a grand theoretical concept; another extreme is just the opposite，Packing a large number of experience materials but failed to form any concept，Therefore, it can be called "low conceptification"。These two extremes are harmful to academic development。

How to avoid these two extremes? The simplest answer is to cross between these two。Different sociological works or different "faults"Bet365 lotto review ，Involved in the "Survey Report" works，Its main disease lies in "low -level conceptualization" —，We are used to the survey report of "narrative instead of‘ reason ’”，The special prescription for diagnosis and treatment is to introduce the theory of discipline as the foundation，The skeleton of the entire report with theoretical support，and work hard with rich experience content。

We adhered to this standard in the research report on truck drivers。Labor Sociology and its "labor process theory" constitute the subject basis for the entire research。The production and reproduction of truck drivers always pay attention to the focus。Based on this，Five -volume survey reports spread out in accordance with their internal logic。Of course, the main line is the truck driver group itself，Self -employed driver、He hires a driver、Card、Female driver、City with driver、Cold Chain Driver、Cross -border driver and other seven areas and other seven areas are connected in one after another，constitutes a consistent main line。Beying it，On one side is a logistics provider、Related groups that enter the truck driver's labor process，On the other side is the "Hanging System" that regulate truck drivers in macro -the unique system of the road freight industry in my country。other，There are also a few "intensive" research objects in the industry, namely "truck county"。The back part of the hall is "volunteer" and "organizationalization"，These two categories marked the start of the truck driver group that starts to span a simple production field，Social practice of "fighting for recognition" and then。

Such survey report obviously abandon the original pile material、Lack of the simplicity Bet365 lotto review form，Avoid the "low conceptification" end item。Now，The survey report began to display a new state of style combining the theoretical fulcrum and empirical material，or a new narrative style that can be called sociology。

　(The author is a professor at the Department of Sociology of Tsinghua University)