Agriculture is one of the important driving forces of human society's development，Global different agricultural civilization exchanges and mutual learning conforms to the trend of historical development。Chinese agricultural civilization has a long history，In different historical periods, a positive impact on other agricultural civilizations in the world。

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　　The Neolithic Age 7000 years ago，China ’s farming civilization is opened;，Agricultural technology continues to improve，Gradually separated from the planting and animal husbandry，Refining social division of labor，Trade and market appear，Agricultural production transitions to marketization; Song Dynasty，China's agriculture has made significant progress，Scientific farming and water conservancy management technology greatly improved agricultural output;，Economic and cultural development provides favorable conditions for the improvement of agricultural technology; since modern times，Agriculture has always been the basis of the national economy。Chinese traditional agriculture has different characteristics: because it is mainly called "rice grain civilization" for planting rice;，The agricultural system makes the agricultural division of labor more detailed; pay attention to saving resources、Improve land utilization，Use rotation、Deep cultivation and other methods to maintain land fertility; formed a unique agricultural theory and agricultural culture，Such as "Sanyi theory", "Three Talent Theory", "Twenty -Four Emerald", etc.。

The founding of the United States is less than 250 years since the founding of the United States，Agricultural Development experienced the plant economy period、West Jin Movement、During the agricultural mechanization period and modern agricultural period。accompanied by technology、political and social changes，The United States is constantly pursuing efficient agricultural models。Vast land、Rich water conservancy resources、Multi -type climate conditions for farming become natural advantages of American agriculture，High degree of diversification of the agricultural industry。Except food、cotton、Animal industry such as livestock，Develop fruit、Vegetables、Gardening Planting, etc.。The U.S. government implements protectionist policy，Fully protect the interests of farmers to stimulate the enthusiasm of agricultural production，Ensure national food security，Form a competitive advantage in the field of international agricultural Bet365 app download product trade。The reason why the United States can become the world's largest food producer and exporter，One of the core reasons is to introduce and learn from the quality resources and agricultural experience of countries around the world。In different historical periods，The United States uses various channels to directly or indirectly introduce Chinese crops、Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Culture，Chinese agricultural civilization has played an important role in the leapfrog development of the American agricultural economy。

　　Chinese crop species expand the American species of genetic genesSource

Chinese rice and wheat varieties have become one of the main food crops of Americans。As early as 1685，The United States in the colonial period began to introduce Asian rice species。At the end of the 19th century，Planting rice in southern United States，and become one of the main crops。Large -scale rice planting began in the early 20th century，Many of the Chinese rice varieties were introduced to the United States，Including fragrant rice、Black rice and glutinous rice。These special rice species enter the early as the United States，It has not attracted general attention。Half a century later，With the changes in population structure and increased demand for food，These rice species have received more and more attention，Gradually become a sought -after healthy food，Crop yield also continues to increase。Corn is native to Central America and South America，After being introduced into China，Continuous improvement，To adapt to the local planting environment。mid -20th century，The United States introduces characteristic varieties such as "white corn" and "octagonal corn"，These corn germs are anti -disease、Drought resistance and output performance excellent performance。Xiaomi native to China，Is an ancient food crop，Planting has a long history。early 20th century，The United States introduced this crop for feed and glycated agent，Due to high nutritional value、Strong growth adaptability，Gradually becoming a favorite food crop for locals。Wheat has a long planting history in China，Most varieties are anti -disease、Growth adaptability and other aspects are well performed。The United States quotes Chinese wheat in the early 20th century，to increase the number of grain varieties，Meet the demand for agricultural production in each state。1955-1956，The US Department of Agriculture quotes two excellent wheat species of "Qinhuangdao" and "Liaoning" from China，Planting in the northern arid areas and moist areas in the central region，Make wheat output significantly increase。

Chinese vegetables become an indispensable composition in the American diet。The types of complementary bet365 Play online games foods of the Aboriginal Indians in the Americas are very limited，Pumpkin、Cai Beans、Pea and wild fruits are the main。The introduction of Chinese vegetables in the United States is divided into three stages: the immigration phase of the second half of the 19th century，Some Chinese people will keep cabbage、Bean horns and other vegetable seeds are introduced into the settlement; the collection stage of plant hunter collection in the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，Frank N. Meyer and others from the Agricultural Department of the United States to China，Collected to Qingjiang cuisine、Mustard、Winter melon、Four Seasons Dou、Scallion、Pea、Tea Tree Mushroom、asparagus、Loofah、Pea、Eggplant、Lettuce and other vegetable crops samples，After planting and cultivated the American dining table; American breeding experts in the 1930s and 1930s actively quoted the seedling stage，Obtain target germplasm resources through cooperative projects such as "International Seed Exchange Plan"。Chinese vegetables are enriched in the United States' dietary culture，Expand the people's supplementary food scope，Improved diet quality。

Chinese fruit tree crops provide more nutritional choices for the American people。The American planting Chinese fruit tree can be traced back to 1784，The then President George Washington planted dozens of Chinese pear trees in its own manor。1816，American doctor、Botanist Nathaniel Wallich，These fruits were extremely rare in the United States at the time。Chinese fruit tree is introduced into the United States and other crops，brings in through immigration、Plant Hunter Collection、Seed exchange projects, etc.。The introduction process is decentralized、Graduation，Specific years and introductions need to be based on different crop research research。19th -century America introduced Chinese pears、lychee、枇、apricot、Fruit fig、Peach、Sweet Orange、red dates、olive、persimmon、Cherry、Li Zi、Citrus、melon, etc.;、kiwi、Grapefruit、Maotao、wolfberry、Fruit fig、Longan、yellow skin fruit, etc.。These Chinese fruit trees have been improved and cultivated，Widely planting in states in the United States，Promoting the development of the local fruit tree industry，It also enriched American food culture。

Chinese crops help push the diversification of the American agricultural industry。Rich Chinese crops have attracted high attention of the US Department of Agriculture，Many varieties become important collection objects。Soybean is native to China，Introduced to the United States at the end of the 19th century became one of the main economic crops，Widely Bet365 lotto review used in food processing、Feed processing and industrial products。Deepen from Americans' understanding of soybean nutritional value and utilization value，Soy planting area is continuously expanded，and become an important export crop。1898，THOMAS H. Kearney, a botanist at the Agriculturalist of the United States, went to China to inspect cotton planting，and introduce some cotton seeds。early 18th century，The United States has planned to introduce Chinese mulberry silkworms，to cultivate the local silk industry，Although the plan failed in the end，But mulberry tree can be widely planted，Become an important economic crop。The 18th century American medical literature has been recorded by Chinese ginseng。early 19th century，Angelica、Astragalus was cited to the United States。Since then，Danshen、Codonopsis、Huanglian、Cordyllaria and other traditional Chinese medicinal materials have been applied in the field of medical care in the United States。In the second half of the 20th century，Deerler、Dendrobium、Ganoderma and other Chinese medicinal materials and their products enter the United States，and get more and more recognition。

　　Chinese agricultural technology helps the rapid development of agriculture in the United States

Chinese traditional irrigation technology is effectively learned and used。"Droughtfield irrigation" technology is generally used in southern and southwest China，Make sure the land maintains good water and nutrition status in the lack of water，so as to improve agricultural output。At the end of the 19th century，California、Chinese irrigation technology，Make American farmers produce more agricultural products under drought climate，Experts continue to improve the design and operation of irrigation systems，To adapt to the production environment of different regions。In recent years，Chinese underground irrigation technology、Innovative technologies such as solar energy pumps further attract the attention of the United States，Provide new irrigation options and technical support for its agricultural production。

Chinese traditional farming technology stimulates its agricultural vitality。Since modern times，American agricultural mechanization once was in the world's leading position，In the early stages of independence in the United States，Among them, the revelation of farming technology obtained from China is relatively high。In the early stages of independence in the United States，Agricultural production mainly depends on manual labor and livestock farming，The farming efficiency is relatively low，and China has generally used iron agricultural tools around the 6th century Bet365 lotto review BC。early 19th century，The United States draws on China's agricultural tool processing technology to create farm tools such as terraces，Play an important role in agricultural production。In terms of rice cultivation technology，American farmers draw on China's "Yangtian farming method" and "deep plowing practice"，These technologies have a greater impact on the development of American agricultural。Chinese crop transplant technology and green agriculture、Agricultural experience such as rice and fish symbiosis system，It is also highly concerned by American agricultural experts。

China's organic agricultural technology inspired its production transformation。Chinese traditional agriculture pays attention to soil fertility protection，Use rotation、Restrication、Green Fertilizer Planting、Organic fertilizer and other methods to maintain ground force，Farmers' use of human and animal manure and crop straw processing organic fertilizer，significantly improved soil quality and promoted crop growth。At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，The United States introduces Chinese organic fertilizer technology，Apply to sustainable agricultural production。For a long time，Chinese agricultural experts constantly explore new crop varieties and new technologies，Cultivate rice and cotton。early 20th century，Chinese hybrid rice relieves the problem of food shortage caused by population pressure，Known as the "Green Revolution"; new cotton -resistant cotton varieties bring significant changes to the global cotton industry，These two improved crops have received great attention from American agricultural experts and tried to learn from。

　China's agricultural culture affects the direction of American agricultural policy

"Humanity" concept provides reference for the protection of American farmers。The "humanity" in the traditional "three talents theory" in China regards agricultural production as a whole for people interacting with the natural environment，Emphasize the inspiration of producers enthusiasm and creativity，Promote people -oriented production mode。Historical journals of American Cultural Relics Society and Farmers' Society for a long time to pay attention to this oriental concept，Efforts through political groups，During the formulation of American agricultural policy, it fully reflects it。These concepts provide a reference for the management of rural society and public affairs in the United States，Highlighting in the cooperative farm mode、In the cooperative system。The traditional Chinese agricultural system has accumulated a mature agricultural knowledge communication mechanism from the Warring States Period，American scholars collect translation bet365 live casino games translation of Chinese classic agricultural works，Such as Xu Guangqi "The Book of Agricultural Administration"、Jia Siyi "Qi Min Yao Shu", etc.，Provided many beneficial revelation for its agricultural system。

"Tiandao" concept provides reference for American agricultural reform。"Tiandao" refers to the climate、Extraordinary conditions such as agricultural production such as meteorological and natural environment。Chinese farmers pay attention to studying natural laws during the production process，Actively explore cropy and planting methods that adapt to the local climate and environment，Cultivate a group of strong adaptability、New varieties of cold resistance and drought and drought。early 20th century，A shortage of crops in agricultural production in the United States、Agricultural production and other serious problems。Susan A Schneider believes，American agricultural scientists choose to learn from the concept of "Tiandao" in China，It is proposed that agricultural production should adapt to different environmental conditions，Improve agricultural production sustainability，to promote agricultural reform and innovation。

The concept of "authentic" provides a basis for the use of US land use。"Authentic" refers to the impact of natural conditions such as land and terrain on agricultural production。Ancient Chinese farmers focus on protecting land and water resources，Keep soil fertility and nutrient balance，Use the rotation system、Deep cultivation technology、Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Combination、Sacred rice and fish symbiosis，Make the land for a long time and keep the ground.。At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，To solve the bottleneck problem in the process of agricultural industrialization in the United States，Agricultural scientists repair in the soil、Seeking a wealth of experience in China for land maintenance and water resources management，Use chemical fertilizer in barren area、Pesticide and other technologies increase production，and keep the vegetation、Rotary farming and planting windproof forests to reduce land erosion and degeneration。

　　Sino -US agricultural civilization continuous integration and conflict resolution path

Various civilizations have a complex development process，Different historical periods and the mutual impacts of the background of society are different。The farming system in Chinese agricultural civilization、Production technology and agricultural culture, etc.，Different ways are drawn by American agricultural experts and government departments。At the same time，The modern agricultural technology and production model also challenges the concept of traditional Bet365 lotto review Chinese agriculture。Population growth and urbanization process acceleration，Makes Chinese agricultural production facing land resources tight、Environmental pollution and other problems，Unexpected need to learn from new management experience and modern production technology to solve it。China and the United States should strengthen communication，Jointly respond to the global grain crisis challenge，Promote the construction of a community of human destiny。

Closing cooperation between China and the United States in the agricultural field can promote agricultural technology innovation，Reduce the cost of agricultural production，Promoting the development of the agricultural industry; it can promote the prosperity of international trade in agricultural products，Promote the stable development of global economy。The planting industry is in the planting industry、Animal Husbandry、Fisheries and other fields have their own advantages，Through cooperation, it can achieve complementary resources，Help improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products between the two countries，Promote the steady recovery of the world economy。Both parties respect each other、Based on equal cooperation，Joint efforts to promote global agricultural modernization and sustainable development，Maintaining the diversity of world agricultural civilization。

　　(Author is an associate professor in the Institute of Marxist Institute of Marxism, Jiangsu Institute of Technology)