■ "Social Happiness" proposal，Promote researchers to pay attention to individual emotions、The concept of happiness in growth experience turns to the concept of happiness of the social attributes of people。Information pictures

Since Slygman proposed the concept of positive psychology in 1998，People have conducted a lot of research on happiness，Especially the subjective happiness and psychological happiness of individual perspectives。But，Study happiness from an individual perspective，Obviously not comprehensive。To systematically explain the concept of happiness，You must also understand the social relationship of the individual、Social features，Research from social level。"Social Happiness" proposal，It makes up for the lack of subjective happiness and psychological happiness，Promote researchers to pay attention to individual emotions、The concept of happiness in growth experience turns to the concept of happiness of the social attributes of people，This helps people better look at the whole picture of happiness。

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Social Well-Being，SWB) Related Studies，The philosophical thoughts from individual and social unity，The earliest sociology literature that can be traced back，Such as a classic sociology about social confusion、Research on the problem of social morality and social alienation。With the continuous accumulation of research results and the continuous in -depth research level，Social happiness has been given richer connotation。

First，Social happiness is considered an important indicator of judging human health。1948，The World Health Organization (WHO) is based on the body、Spirit、Social three aspects to define health，I think health refers to a body、The intact state of the spiritual and social adaptation，Not just that there is no illness or weak body。This definition will include social happiness into the important criteria for measuring human health for the first time。，Researchers have expanded this understanding one after another。American scholar Larson equivalent to two concepts of "health" and "happiness" in society，I think how to get along with others、How do others respond to it，How to interact with social organizations and social customs。Socialist Keyes summarizes a series of standards for psychological health and booming，Among them, it includes emotional happiness、Psychological Happiness、Social happiness and other 13 dimensions。It must be determined as a psychological health flourishing，Individuals must score high at least six dimensions; and those individuals who show low levels at least six dimensions，It is considered to be worried about the mental health。

Next，Based on the relationship and performance of individuals in society to determine the connotation of social happiness。Larson has proposed the concept model of social happiness，Divide it into two elements: social adaptation and social support。Research on social adaptation first appeared in the field of psychiatry，Because interpersonal relationships and communication problems are "the main cause of the treatment of non -psychiatric mental disorders"。Social adaptation can be measured by satisfaction with interpersonal relationships or performance in social characters。Good social adaptation is a satisfactory interpersonal relationship、excellent social performance，and bet365 best casino games the results of environmental adaptation interaction。Social support refers to "You can believe it by one person、dependencies、The help and support system built by people who can feel and respect for them "。Social support can be judged by the number of contacts in the social relationship network and the satisfaction of these contacts。Researchers pointed out，A person's social status also plays an important role in the evaluation of the individual's own social happiness。

Last，Define social happiness from the level of individual social functions。Case defines social happiness as，Individuals to others、The relationship between the relationship between the neighbors and the community，and self -assessment of its environment and social functions。He divides social happiness into social integration、Social identity、Social contribution、Social Realization、Five dimensions of social harmony，Driven the individual's views on their social participation，To others、Collective、Social recognition，The importance of society，The ability to achieve goals and the development potential in society，Order of the society。This，Social happiness is conceptual from the perspective of "social adaptation" to the individual's cognition and evaluation of its environment and social functions，essence is social interaction and environmental adaptation。

No doubt，Pay attention to individual feelings compared to subjective happiness，Psychological happiness Follow the interaction and development of individuals in the group，Social happiness more concerned about individual social performance、Social function and social characteristics，Pay attention to the responsibility faced by individuals in the social field、Mission and Challenge，Turn the foothold of the discussion of happiness from individual to society，Put in a wider cultural history、Under the social environment，True reflects the integration of individuals optimistic and confidently into society、The positive state of adapting to the environment。Therefore，The emergence of social happiness，It marks that people's research on happiness began to focus on subjective experience、Pursue self -realization，Significant to the significance of the value of the existence of society on the existence of the individual，Restore people into the existence of rooted in the social environment，truly reflects "the sum of all social relations"，It also opened a new "window" for the study of happiness。

　　Structure analysis of social happiness

Different understanding of social happiness，Researchers focus on exploring the structure and measurement method of social happiness。American scholar Beslow (BESLOW) has been committed to applying the theory of the World Health Organization on "Health" to physical health、mental health、Specific measurement of social health (social happiness)。He regards the three spectrals consisting of the three axis。The score of individuals in physical health is 0-59，The score range in mental health is 0-55，The score range in social health is 0-71。The position of the score on the spectral shaft represents the degree of health。Take social health as an example，The content of its measurement includes the marriage status (such as marriage satisfaction)、Employment ability (such as educational achievements、Occupational status and work experience)、Social ability (such as the number of close friends and relatives)，and community participation (such as participating in community activities), etc.。

The concept model of Bet365 app download social happiness proposed by Ralson，Social happiness includes two components of social adaptation and social support，Therefore, you can use social adaptation tables and social support tables for measurement。For the former，The social adaptation table compiled by Weisman in 1981 is currently a better social adaptation measurement tool。This scale has a good degree of trust，A total of 42 questions，Measure the individual in six main functional areas (work、Marriage、Parents、Family、For the latter、Family Relations) Character performance。For the latter，Sarason (Sarason) in 1983, the social support meter has a better effect。This scale contains 27 questions，Divided into two parts。The first part requires the individual to list people who can rely on in different situations，Typical topics such as "When you need help，Who do you think is reliable "。The second part requires an individual circle to produce the degree of satisfaction with the overall social support。Unfortunately，The efficiency of this scale is not perfect，It can only be used as a preliminary tool for measuring the happiness of society。

Case's social happiness five factor structure proposed in 1998，and the measurement tool developed accordingly has to so far affect the biggest impact、Application is the most extensive。His analysis of verification factors shows，Divide social happiness into social fusion、Social identity、Social contribution、Social Realization、Five factors of social harmony are reasonable，The "Five Factor Models" of Social Happiness also meets the standards of statistical inspection，The "Social Happiness Sensing Table" developed accordingly has a high degree of reliability、Effective。where，Social integration is an evaluation of the quality of a person and social relationship。Keis emphasizes，Community is the basic unit of social integration and development of social happiness，People who get along with others in the community should feel social integration;，In social life，Healthy people will feel that they are part of society。Social identity is an individual to others、Collective、Social recognition。Case explains social happiness as a embodiment of social identity。Individuals with a high sense of social identity trust other members of other society，Happy to help others solve problems，I feel comfortable to get along with others，Can be caring with each other。Social contribution is an evaluation of a person's social value。It reflects whether people and to how much they think they can contribute to public welfare，and the attention of society。Individual tendencies contributed by high society to think that one person is an important member of society，It can give the world some valuable things。Social Realization is an evaluation of individual social potential and development trajectory。It reflects people's belief in social development，It is a consciousness that considers society with potential。Individuals with a higher level of social realization are full of hope for the current situation and future development of society，Can recognize the potential of society，I also realize that I am the potential beneficiary of social development。Social harmony is the organization of individuals to society、Operation orderly perception。Individuals with a higher level of social harmony believe that society is identified、Perceable、predictable，I also think that I can understand what happened around me，I think life bet365 best casino games is meaningful、Value，In the face of unpredictable and changeable life events, you will try to maintain consistency。

　　The influencing factor of social happiness

The influencing factors of social happiness are complicated and diverse，Age、Gender、Education levels and other factors and individual factors may have an important impact on it。

Effects of Age on Social Happiness，There is no conclusion yet。A point of view，Social happiness will decrease with age。The reason is that with the age of age and the aging of the body，Human activity ability gradually decreases、Good health is getting worse every condition，These factors will lead to a reduction in social happiness。Another point of view，Social happiness will increase with age。This may be due to the increase in age，Individual knowledge accumulation、Social experience and life experience is more abundant，enable it to make the correct evaluation of the relationship between individuals and society。

Gender can predict social happiness，But the prediction effect is not consistent。Research indicates，Gender can significantly predict social contribution and social implementation，But you cannot predict social integration。Women's social identity is higher than men，and the social harmony of men is higher than women。In addition，Changes in occupational status will affect the performance of different gender on each dimension。Specifically，With the improvement of occupational status，Women in social identity、The score of social contribution dimension gradually increases，and the score of men in the harmonious dimension in society has improved。

Good education level can enhance social happiness。Research indicates，In individuals with higher sense of social happiness，The proportion of people who have only received elementary education is significantly lower。This may be because the education level can affect the career choice of young people，Then affect their colleagues and work environment，Differences of income level caused by education，You can indirectly determine the quality of individual housing and neighbors，The level of social happiness。

Marriage status has an inconsistent predictive effect on the dimensions of social happiness。Generally speaking，Married to unmarried、The level of social happiness of divorce people is higher。Compared to the divorced person，The level of social integration of the married person is higher; but the level of social contribution of unmarried people is higher。Married、Unmarried、The score of the divorced person in the social harmonious dimension has dropped significantly in order。With the improvement of occupational status，The level of social integration of married people gradually increases，The social integration level of the unmarried person gradually decreases。

Closeness of social and economic status and social happiness。Research indicates，People with low social and economic status may have a lower level of social happiness。Further research indicates，The reason why married people have a higher level of social happiness than those who are divorced，Part of the reason is that the married person has a higher socio -economic status than the divorce，This result has cross -cultural stability。

Personality has a predictive effect on social happiness。Among many personality factors，Emotional stability is considered to be related to social happiness，It can enhance the social adaptability of the individual to enhance the sense of social happiness。Many studies revolved around bet365 live casino games the five personality measurement，Results indicate，Except for neuroma dimensions，The prediction effect of several other dimensions on social happiness is basically the same。Open、Responsibility、Individuals with high scores of external dumping and pleasant scores，It is easy to have a higher sense of social happiness。

Cognitive factors of individuals，If community consciousness、Relations、Inferiority, etc. can have a certain impact on social happiness。A survey in Wuhan found，Community satisfaction of community residents can affect social happiness through community consciousness。recognition of human nature、The recognition of friends and classmates can also affect the social happiness of young people，and the sense of inferiority will negatively predict social happiness。

other，Social happiness is still affected by many other factors。From a micro perspective，Including loneliness、Social support、Family integrity，even appearance、Many factors, including living habits, etc., will affect social happiness。From a macro perspective，racial discrimination、The level of development of national economy、Infrastructure construction、Culture、Political structure, etc. can also affect the level of social happiness。Studies discovered，There is a two -way causal relationship between economic growth and social happiness。Another，beautifying the ecological environment、Building green infrastructure、Reduce the gap between urban and rural areas、Improve the traffic environment and even sewer systems，All can significantly enhance social happiness。

　　The development trend of social happiness

The realization of happiness based on the meaning and value of individual existence on others and society。Social orientation of this kind of happiness research，Turn the sight of the researcher from the individual to society，Pay more attention to the contribution and integration of individuals to society，Pay more attention to the social relations and social challenges of individuals in the social field，Not only enriches theoretical research of happiness，It also provides new ideas and new paths for subsequent research。

In recent years，Research on Happiness gradually presents a situation of integration。Some studies integrate subjective happiness and psychological happiness，If a researcher perceives from the main behavior，Integrated the subjective happiness and psychological happiness，and proposed an individual happiness integration model。But at present，Active happiness、Psychological Happiness、Social happiness integrates the research together not much。As mentioned earlier，Case integrates three kinds of happiness and their respective dimensions，regarding it as a factor for psychological health and vigorous development。Domestic researcher Chen Haobin, etc., test the relationship between the three happiness through the structural equation model，It is found that happiness has multiple layers、Multi -dimensional structure，Three kinds of happiness is independent of each other、Experience is separated from each other，But the theoretical structure is interrelated，Therefore, building a happy theory model that integrates three happiness in happiness is feasible。Although there are not many integrated research at present，But this integration can make the individual level、Group level、A sense of happiness at the social level combined，Help us understand the essence of happiness from multiple different aspects，It has important theoretical and practical significance。Bet365 app download In the future, we should further carry out integrated research of three kinds of happiness，Clarify the relationship between three happiness，Theoretical model of constructing overall happiness。

Study on the factors and related mechanisms of social happiness and related mechanisms should be strengthened in the future。Although the current discussion of the influencing factors of subjective happiness and psychological happiness has been discussed a lot，But the existing discussion on the influencing factors of social happiness is mainly concentrated in age、Gender、Education level、Social and economic status and other population statistical variables，About personality factors、Cognitive factors and other discussions on social happiness are relatively insufficient，Research is relatively decentralized，Lack of systematic theoretical interpretation。Consider personality in the future、Study on the influencing factors of social happiness in social cognition，Especially to build a perfect system of social happiness theory model，For example，It can incorporate the ecosystem theory of Brownfinbren in the study of the influencing factors of social happiness，Inquiry micro -system (such as parental relationship quality、School environment、Companion Relationship)、Mid -system (such as home school interaction)、outer system (such as parent's work mode、Neighbors -Community Environment)、Macro system (such as urban and rural differences、Social mentality、Value Standard) The impact of related variables of various subsystems and other subsystems on social happiness and its mechanism of action。

How to define yourself and the relationship with others is a key issue in the study of social happiness，This may be different due to the difference in cultural background。East and West have different cultures，Western culture advocates individualism，Eastern culture advocates collectivism。Specifically，Individuals in Western culture often emphasize individual autonomy and separation from others，See yourself as an independent individual，tend to be self -centered，This is the feature of individualist culture。Comparison of comparison，Individuals in Oriental Culture often pay more attention to social embedding and mutual dependence with others，and tend to treat yourself as a part of the group，Social -centric，This is the feature of collectivist culture。Therefore，Compared with individuals in Western culture，The sense of happiness in the individual society in the oriental culture may be higher。Because the concept of social happiness is the first to be proposed by Western scholars，and conducted a lot of empirical research on this，Empirical research on social happiness in Chinese cultural background is relatively small，Although the validity of the social happiness meter in the context of the Chinese culture has been studied and verified，But this research is mainly for adults，It has not been confirmed among all groups。Whether these related concepts and theories are also applicable to Chinese culture，Still need to be further tested。Therefore，Establishing with Chinese characteristics、The localization research tool that is in line with China's national conditions should be urgent。

other，Intervention research on the happiness of different groups of society should also be strengthened。For some special groups，​​Ru medical staff、Patient、Elderly、Children and left -behind children of incomplete families，It is extremely necessary to expand intervention Bet365 app download measures in the future，If you formulate related policies、Scheme，Education or training，In personal、Intervention on the organization and government level，Make a targeted improvement of their social happiness。Crisis facing the daily crisis of medical staff、The nature of the workplace has a great impact on its social happiness。They need to deal with various emergencies，Long -term shift work，There is almost no rest time，Therefore, there is enough organization and social support、Effective response mechanism，To meet their social happiness needs。Patient's social happiness is directly related to the attitude of medical staff。A survey of the 15 -year -old nursing agency in the Netherlands，There is hope for patients in the nursing staff、Under the condition of good attitude，Patients will experience more social happiness，The health status may also be further improved。Therefore，In the education and training of nursing staff，It should be guided to establish positive、Correctly treat the patient's attitude，Establish a good doctor -patient relationship。The level of social happiness of the elderly is particularly worthy of attention。As you grow older，The activities of the elderly and social entertainment opportunities have greatly reduced。For this，You can ask professionals to guide the elderly at home for physical exercise，Provide online leisure and entertainment services，Add volunteer service and social interaction opportunities，So as to enhance the social happiness of the elderly。In addition，You also need to pay attention to children with divorced families、Social happiness of left -behind children。Compared with the full family children，The social happiness of school -age children in incomplete families in school age is low。Research indicates，School may be an important positive environment，Support and support for children with incomplete families。Therefore，You can encourage teachers、School children against divorced families、Left -behind children give appropriate care and companionship，to continuously improve the level of happiness in society。

　　(The author is the Chief Expert of Renmin University of China Psychological Health Education Interdisciplinary Platform、Professor; PhD student at the School of Education of Renmin University of China)