■The proposal of “bet365 code happiness”，Prompt researchers to focus on individual emotions、The view of happiness from growth experience shifts to the view of happiness that focuses on people’s bet365 code attributes。Information picture

Since Seligman proposed the concept of positive psychology in 1998，A lot of research has been done on happiness，Especially the research on subjective well-being and psychological well-being from an individual perspective。However，Study happiness only from an individual perspective，Obviously not comprehensive enough。To systematically explain the concept of happiness，You must also understand the bet365 code relationships of individuals、bet365 code Characteristics，That is, research from the bet365 code level。The proposal of “bet365 code happiness”，It makes up for the lack of subjective well-being and psychological well-being，Prompt researchers to focus on individual emotions、The view of happiness from growth experience shifts to the view of happiness that focuses on people’s bet365 code attributes，Thus helping people better understand the full picture of happiness。

　　The rich connotation of bet365 code happiness

bet365 code Well-Being，SWB) related research，The philosophical thought derived from the unity of individual and society，Can be traced back to the sociological literature on anomie and alienation，For example, about bet365 code chaos in classical sociology、Research on bet365 code moral decay and bet365 code alienation。With the continuous accumulation of research results and the deepening of research levels，bet365 code happiness has been given a richer connotation。

First，bet365 code happiness is regarded as an important indicator of human health。1948，World Health Organization (WHO) based on body、Spirit、Definition of health based on three aspects of society，Think that health refers to a physical condition、mental and bet365 code well-being，Not just the absence of disease or physical weakness。This definition includes bet365 code happiness as an important criterion for measuring human health for the first time。Afterwards，Researchers have successively expanded this understanding。American scholar Larson equates the two concepts of bet365 code "health" and bet365 code "happiness"，Believe that bet365 code well-being involves how you get along with others、How others react to it，And how to interact with bet365 code organizations and bet365 code customs。Sociologist Keyes summarizes a series of criteria for thriving mental health，Including emotional well-being、Psychological well-being、13 dimensions including bet365 code happiness。To be identified as thriving in mental health，The individual must score high on at least six dimensions；And those individuals who show low levels in at least six dimensions，is considered to have a worrying mental health condition。

Secondly，Determine the connotation of bet365 code happiness based on the relationship and performance of individuals in society。Larson once proposed a conceptual model of bet365 code happiness，Divide it into two elements: bet365 code adaptation and bet365 code support。The study of bet365 code adjustment first appeared in the field of psychiatry，Because interpersonal and communication problems are “the leading cause of seeking treatment for non-psychotic mental disorders”。bet365 code adjustment can be measured by satisfaction with relationships or performance in bet365 code roles。Good bet365 code adaptation is satisfactory interpersonal relationships、Excellent bet365 code performance，And the result of the interaction of environmental adaptation。bet365 code support refers to “what a person has and can believe in”、Dependence、A help and support system built by people who make the child feel cared for and respected”。bet365 code support can be judged by the number of contacts an individual has in the bet365 code network and the satisfaction with these contacts。Some researchers pointed out，A person’s bet365 code status also plays an important role in an individual’s assessment of his or her own bet365 code well-being。

Finally，Defining bet365 code happiness from the level of individual bet365 code functional health。Keyes defines bet365 code happiness as，Individuals and others、Quality of relationships with neighbors and community，and self-assessment of its environment and bet365 code functions。He divided bet365 code happiness into bet365 code integration、bet365 code recognition、bet365 code contribution、bet365 code realization、Five Dimensions of bet365 code Harmony，Focus respectively on individuals’ views on their bet365 code participation，To others、Collective、bet365 code recognition degree，Importance to society，Ability to achieve goals and development potential in society，The orderly operation of society。This way，bet365 code happiness is conceptualized from the perspective of "bet365 code adaptation" as an individual's cognition and evaluation of his or her environment and bet365 code functions，The essence is bet365 code interaction and environmental adaptation。

Without a doubt，Focus on individual feelings rather than subjective well-being，Psychological well-being focuses on the interaction and development of individuals in the group，bet365 code happiness pays more attention to individual bet365 code performance、bet365 code functions and bet365 code characteristics，Attach importance to the responsibilities faced by individuals in the bet365 code field、Mission and Challenges，Change the standpoint of happiness discussion from individual to society，Juxtaposed with a broader cultural history、Under bet365 code environment，Truely reflects the individual’s optimism and confidence in integrating into society、A positive state of adapting to the environment。Therefore，The emergence of bet365 code happiness，marks that people’s research on happiness begins to focus on subjective experience、Pursue self-realization，Turn to focus on the significance of bet365 code existence value to individual existence value，Restore people to beings rooted in the bet365 code environment，Truly embodies "people are the sum of all bet365 code relationships"，It also opens a new "window" for happiness research。

　　Structural analysis of bet365 code happiness

Different understandings of bet365 code happiness，Researchers have focused on exploring the structure and measurement methods of bet365 code happiness。American scholar Beslow has been committed to applying the World Health Organization’s theoretical constructs on “health” to physical health、Mental Health、Concrete measurement of bet365 code health (bet365 code happiness)。He regarded the three as a spectrum composed of three axes。The individual’s score range for physical health is 0-59，Score range for mental health is 0-55，The score range for bet365 code health is 0-71。The position of the score on the spectrum axis represents the degree of health。Take bet365 code health as an example，The content measured specifically includes marital status (such as marital satisfaction)、Employment skills (e.g. educational achievement、Professional status and work experience)、bet365 code skills (e.g. number of close friends and relatives)，And community participation (such as participating in community activities), etc.。

Based on the conceptual model of bet365 code happiness proposed by Larson，bet365 code happiness includes two components: bet365 code adaptation and bet365 code support，So it can be measured using the bet365 code Adjustment Scale and the bet365 code Support Scale。For the former，The bet365 code Adaptation Scale compiled by Weisman in 1981 is currently a better bet365 code adaptation measurement tool。This scale has good reliability and validity，Contains 42 questions in total，Measures individuals in six major functional areas (work、Marriage、Parents、Family、bet365 code activities、Character performance in family relationships。For the latter，The bet365 code support scale compiled by Sarason in 1983 is more effective。This scale contains 27 questions，Divided into two parts。The first part asks individuals to list people they can rely on in different situations，Typical questions such as "When you need help，Who do you think is reliable”。The second part requires individuals to circle how satisfied they are with overall bet365 code support。Unfortunately，The reliability and validity of this scale are not perfect，Can only be used as a preliminary tool to measure bet365 code happiness。

The five-factor structure of bet365 code well-being proposed by Case in 1998，And the measurement tools developed accordingly have the greatest impact to date、The most widely used。He showed through confirmatory factor analysis，Divide bet365 code happiness into bet365 code integration、bet365 code recognition、bet365 code contribution、bet365 code realization、The five factors of bet365 code harmony are reasonable，The "five-factor model" of bet365 code happiness also meets the statistical testing standards，The "bet365 code Happiness Scale" developed accordingly has high reliability、Validity。Among them，bet365 code integration is an evaluation of the quality of a person’s relationship with society。Keyes emphasizes，Community is the basic unit for bet365 code integration and the development of bet365 code happiness，People who get along well with others in the community should feel socially integrated；Similarly，In bet365 code life，Healthy people feel that they are part of society。bet365 code recognition is an individual’s recognition of others、Collective、bet365 code recognition degree。Keyes explains bet365 code happiness as a manifestation of bet365 code identity。Individuals with high bet365 code identity trust other bet365 code members，Happy to help others solve problems，Feeling comfortable with others，Be able to care for each other。bet365 code contribution is the evaluation of a person’s bet365 code value。It reflects whether and to what extent people believe that anything they do contributes to the public good，And being valued by society。Individuals with high bet365 code contribution tend to think that a person is an important member of society，Can give the world something valuable。bet365 code realization is an individual’s assessment of bet365 code potential and development trajectory。It reflects people’s belief in bet365 code development，It is a consciousness that society has potential。Individuals with a high level of bet365 code realization are full of hope for the current situation and future development of society，Able to recognize the potential of society，Also aware that he is a potential beneficiary of bet365 code development。bet365 code harmony is the organization of society by individuals、Perception of operational order。Individuals with higher levels of bet365 code harmony believe that society is discernible、Perceptible、Predictable，I also think I can understand what is happening around me，Think life is meaningful、Valuable，Attempts to maintain consistency in the face of unpredictable and changing life events。

　　Influencing factors of bet365 code happiness

The influencing factors of bet365 code happiness are complex and diverse，Age、Gender、Demographic factors such as education level and individual factors may have an important impact on it。

The impact of age on bet365 code happiness，No conclusion yet。A view，bet365 code happiness will decrease with age。The reason is that with age and body aging，People’s mobility gradually decreases、Your health is also deteriorating，These factors will lead to a decrease in bet365 code happiness。Another view，bet365 code happiness increases with age。This may be due to increasing age，Individual knowledge accumulation、Enriched bet365 code experience and life experience，Enable it to make a correct evaluation of the relationship between individuals and society。

Gender can predict bet365 code happiness，But the prediction results are not consistent。Research shows，Gender significantly predicts bet365 code contribution and bet365 code fulfillment，But cannot predict bet365 code integration。Women have higher bet365 code recognition than men，And men have higher bet365 code harmony than women。In addition，Changes in occupational status will affect the performance of different genders in various dimensions。Specifically，With the improvement of professional status，Women are recognized in society、The score of bet365 code contribution dimension gradually increases，And men’s scores in the bet365 code harmony dimension have improved。

A good level of education can enhance bet365 code happiness。Research shows，Among individuals with higher bet365 code happiness scores，The proportion of people with only primary school education is significantly lower。This may be due to the fact that education level can affect young people’s career choices，In turn affecting their colleagues and work environment，The difference in income levels caused by education level，Can indirectly determine the quality of individual housing and neighbors，In turn, it affects the level of bet365 code happiness。

Marital status has inconsistent prediction effects on various dimensions of bet365 code well-being。Generally speaking，Married people are better than single people、Divorced people have higher levels of bet365 code happiness。Compared to divorced people，Married people have higher levels of bet365 code integration；But the level of bet365 code contribution of unmarried people is higher。Married、Single、The scores of divorced people on the bet365 code harmony dimension dropped significantly。With the improvement of professional status，The level of bet365 code integration of married people gradually increases，The bet365 code integration level of unmarried people gradually declines。

Socioeconomic status and bet365 code happiness are closely related。Research shows，People with low socioeconomic status may have lower levels of bet365 code well-being。Further research shows，The reason why married people have a higher level of bet365 code happiness than divorced people，Part of the reason is that married people have a higher socioeconomic status than divorced people，This result is cross-culturally stable。

Personality has a predictive effect on bet365 code happiness。Among many personality factors，Emotional stability thought to be linked to bet365 code well-being，It can enhance bet365 code happiness by enhancing individual bet365 code adaptability。Many studies have been conducted around the Big Five personality measurement，The results show，Except neurotic dimension，The prediction effects of several other dimensions on bet365 code happiness are basically the same。i.e. openness、Conscientiousness、Individuals with high scores on extraversion and agreeableness，Easier to have higher bet365 code happiness。

Individual cognitive factors，Like a sense of community、Relationship Identity、Inferiority complex can have a certain impact on bet365 code happiness。A survey conducted in Wuhan found，Community residents’ community satisfaction can affect bet365 code happiness through community awareness。Identification of human nature、Identification with friends and classmates can also affect adolescents’ bet365 code happiness，Inferiority complex negatively predicts bet365 code happiness。

In addition，bet365 code happiness is also affected by many other factors。From a microscopic perspective，Including loneliness、bet365 code Support、Family Integrity，Even appearance、Many factors including living habits will affect bet365 code happiness。From a macro perspective，Racial discrimination、National economic development level、Infrastructure construction、Culture、Political structure, etc. can also affect the level of bet365 code happiness。There are research findings，There is a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and bet365 code happiness。Also，Beautify the ecological environment、Build green infrastructure、Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas、Improve the traffic environment and even the sewer system, etc.，can significantly improve bet365 code happiness。

　　The development trend of bet365 code happiness

The realization of happiness is based on the meaning and value of individual existence to others and society。The bet365 code orientation of this happiness study，Change researchers’ focus from individuals to society，Pay more attention to individual contribution and integration to society，Pay more attention to the bet365 code relationships and bet365 code challenges of individuals in the bet365 code field，Not only enriches the theoretical research on happiness，It also provides new ideas and new paths for subsequent research。

In recent years，Research on happiness is gradually showing a trend of integration。Some studies integrate subjective well-being and psychological well-being，If a researcher looks at the subject’s behavioral perception，Integrating subjective well-being and psychological well-being，And proposed an integrated model of individual happiness。But for now，Convert subjective well-being、Psychological well-being、There are not many studies on the joint integration of bet365 code well-being。As mentioned before，Keyes integrates the three types of happiness and their respective dimensions，Think of it as a factor in thriving mental health。Domestic researchers Chen Haobin and others used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the three types of happiness，Discover that happiness has multiple levels、Multidimensional structure，The three kinds of happiness are conceptually independent of each other、Experiential separation，But they are related in theoretical structure，Therefore it is feasible to construct a theoretical model of happiness that integrates the three kinds of happiness。Although there are not many such integration studies at present，But this integration can bring the individual level、Group level、Integrating research on happiness at the bet365 code level，Helps us understand the nature of happiness from many different aspects，It has important theoretical and practical significance。Further integrated research on the three types of happiness should be carried out in the future，Clear the relationship between the three types of happiness，Theoretical model for constructing overall happiness。

In the future, research on the influencing factors and related mechanisms of bet365 code happiness should be strengthened。Although there have been many discussions on the influencing factors of subjective well-being and psychological well-being，However, the existing research on the influencing factors of bet365 code happiness mainly focuses on age、Gender、Education level、Socioeconomic status and other demographic variables，About personality factors、The impact of cognitive factors on bet365 code happiness is relatively insufficient，And the research is relatively scattered，Lack of systematic theoretical explanation。Personality may be considered in the future、Carry out research on factors affecting bet365 code happiness at multiple levels including bet365 code cognition，In particular, construct a systematic and complete theoretical model of bet365 code happiness，For example，Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory can be incorporated into the study of factors affecting bet365 code happiness，Exploring microsystems (such as parent-child relationship quality、School environment、Companionship)、Chinese system (such as home-school interaction)、External system (such as parent’s working mode、Neighbors—Community Environment)、Macro system (such as urban and rural differences、bet365 code mentality、The impact of relevant variables of each subsystem such as value standards) on bet365 code happiness and its mechanism。

How individuals define themselves and their relationships with others is a key issue in the study of bet365 code well-being，This may vary depending on cultural background。The East and the West have different cultures，Western culture advocates individualism，Oriental culture advocates collectivism。Specifically，Individuals in Western culture often emphasize individual autonomy and separation from others，Regard yourself as an independent individual，Tend to be self-centered，This is a characteristic of individualistic culture。In comparison，Individuals in Eastern cultures tend to value bet365 code embeddedness and interdependence with others，and tend to see themselves as part of a group，Society-centered，This is a characteristic of collectivist culture。Therefore，Compared to individuals in Western culture，Individual bet365 code happiness may be higher in Eastern cultures。Because the concept of bet365 code happiness was first proposed by Western scholars，And conducted a lot of empirical research on this，There are relatively few empirical studies on bet365 code happiness in the Chinese cultural context，Although some studies have verified the validity of the bet365 code happiness scale in the Chinese cultural context，But this study focused on adults，Not confirmed in all groups。Are these related concepts and theories also applicable to Chinese culture，Still needs further testing。Therefore，Established with Chinese characteristics、Localized research tools that are in line with China’s national conditions should be a top priority。

In addition，Intervention research on the bet365 code well-being of different groups should also be strengthened。For some special groups，such as medical staff、Patient、Elderly、Children from incomplete families and left-behind children, etc.，It is extremely necessary to expand the implementation methods of intervention measures in the future，If relevant policies are formulated、Plan，Carry out education or training，In person、Intervention at the organizational and government levels respectively，To improve bet365 code happiness in a targeted manner。Crisis events faced by medical staff every day、The nature of the workplace has a greater impact on bet365 code happiness。They need to deal with various emergencies，Long shift work，Almost no time to rest，Therefore, sufficient organizational and bet365 code support is needed、Effective coping mechanism，To meet their bet365 code well-being needs。The patient’s bet365 code happiness is directly related to the attitude of medical staff。Survey from 15 long-term care facilities in the Netherlands，Having hope for patients in nursing staff、Under the condition of good attitude，Patients will experience more bet365 code well-being，Health may also improve further。Therefore，In the education and training of nursing staff，They should be guided to establish positive attitudes、Correct attitude towards patients，Establish a good doctor-patient relationship。The bet365 code happiness level of the elderly deserves special attention。As we grow older，Significant reduction in activities and bet365 code and recreational opportunities for the elderly。For this，You can ask professionals to guide the elderly to do physical exercises at home，Providing online leisure and entertainment services，Increase volunteering and bet365 code interaction opportunities，Thus improving the bet365 code happiness of the elderly。In addition，We also need to pay attention to children from divorced families、bet365 code happiness of left-behind children。Compared to children from intact families，Preschool children from incomplete families have lower bet365 code well-being at school。Research has shown，School can be an important positive environment，Can provide help and support to children with incomplete families。Therefore，Can encourage teachers、School for children from divorced families、Give left-behind children appropriate care and companionship，To continuously improve the level of bet365 code happiness。

　　(The author is the chief expert of the interdisciplinary platform of mental health education at Renmin University of China、Professor；Ph.D. candidate, School of Education, Renmin University of China)