Since the 1960s，Art Sociology has developed into an independent discipline in the European and American academics。It uses the entire art world as a research object，Expand the content of art research，Created a sociological paradigm for art research，Get rich research results。Summarize the experience and methods of foreign art sociology research，It has considerable reference significance for the development of Chinese art。

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In a broad sense，Art Sociology covers all research and discussions on art and social relations。As early as 18、Discussion on related issues in the 19th century。Rousseau、Schiller、Aesthetic theory of Hegel and others discusses the association of art and social and historical conditions from the perspective of the overall theory;、Danna、Confucius and other sociologists consciously learn from the method of empirical philosophy and experience observation，and apply it in art research。but but，Before World War II，Most of the social research on art does not have a clear definition of discipline consciousness and methodology，They belong to the history of art、Aesthetics、Art criticism、Different disciplines and fields such as philosophy and sociology。

Since the 1960s，Due to the increasingly rationalization of the art market and the development of the professionalization and artistic institutionalization of the artist group，More and more sociologists are devoted to art research。Coupled with the gradual popularization of artistic practice，Art activities are no longer limited to a minority elite，Instead, it involves a wide range of groups，This also expanded the empirical research of art sociology。At the same time，The government's intervention in the art world is also increasing，If you interfere with art production、Provide artists with social insurance and social benefits, intervention in the art labor market，It also greatly improves the needs of art sociology Bet365 lotto review research。(Hu Wei: "Development of French Sociology after the War") In this context，Art Sociology has achieved qualitative breakthroughs at two research points，First, no longer regards art as the category of pure aesthetics，Second, it is considered that the value of art is not absolute，These two important breakthroughs are an important opportunity for the formation of the subject of art sociology。

It is during this period，Formed in the field of art sociology, it has formed Howard Baker、American school represented by Richard Peter Sen and Pedie Buda、French school represented by Raymond Murland。(He Qian: "French Art Sociology Criticism") on the research object，Two university scholars are based on the social attributes of art，Following the characteristics of art as general social activities at the level of production and consumption。In terms of research methods，They start to consciously use statistics、Interview、Sociology methods such as field survey explore art phenomena。In specific research，Sociologists emphasize the roots of art in art，The essential attribute of advocating art is built by society，Art root Planted in society。Then they convert the awareness of the problem into "as the art world of society"，or "Art Worlds" concept，Think of art mechanism (such as art market、Specialization of the artist industry、Museum) and object (artwork) and other elements make up the existence of art。Scholars from the two universities are mostly sociologists，The consciousness of their research objects and research methods，Make art sociology gradually and the history of art、History of Culture、Literary and Art criticism and aesthetic phase detachment，Become an independent、Scientific discipline。

As a discipline，The first question that needs to be solved by art sociology is: "Art" becomes the object of "sociology"? Does art work have a social fact that is sufficient to analyze sociology?，Aesthetic attributes that surpass time and space，It is not equivalent to the same material activity，Therefore, it cannot be used as an object of sociological research。For this，Budihe bet365 Play online games deconstructed the practice of treating art as a pure aesthetic object from a historical perspective，He was used as an example with the formation of the French literary field "Literature" in the middle of the 19th century，It specifically explains how pure aesthetics is invented in social space，and social history against art、Construction role of aesthetic fun，shake the essentialist art concept of traditional aesthetics，It opened the road for research art from the perspective of sociology。

other，Bercell further discussed in "Art World"，The aesthetic characteristics of art works are relatively arbitrary，It depends more on social consensus。Peterson、Garry Farn、David Graqian and other scholars from music、Starting from the perspective of folk art discussed the authenticity of art (Authenticity)，Discovery "true nature" is not in the nature of them，but a construction that is unanimously agreed with all parties of the society。Becker also proposed the concept of "art world"，Perform artistic creation as a collective activity，Further clarifying the "art" as the object of art sociology research。1988 "Arts" was translated into French，It has established the perspective of treating the "art world" as a overall research angle，It also inspired the French academic community to explore more refined ecology inside the art world。

　Prescription on the sociology paradigm of art research

Because art sociology uses the entire art world as a research object，Sociologists in producers (artist)、Communication intermediary (art institution and market) and the recipient (Volkswagen) expand the content of art research，Created a sociological paradigm for art research。

First，From the perspective of art production，Sociologists no longer regard "artist" as talented "genius"，But based on its social attribute，Focus on the social origin of the artist group、Professional degree、Education background、Economic income、Methods of making a living method。As Budie said，The artist is just an actor of a certain social role，Just fill in its social location。Similarly，Where Baker，The artist is "the created Bet365 lotto review workers，Their creation is by no means the role of mysterious power，but the product of unknown collaborators in cooperation "，Not only does art collaboration and editor，There are also critics and many unknown staff。

Bercell's "collective activity" theory affects many American sociologists，Stephen Dubin's "Muse of Muse: Public Funding and Cultural Workers" and Judis Adeler's "Artists in the Office: National Jobs at the Academy Art scene" are from the perspective of collective activities Explore the activities of artists。"Music Market: Composer and Career in the Hollywood Film Industry and His Career" of Robert Foxer analyzed the social network and career of film composers。Langfu (Gladis Engel Lang and Kurde Lang) "Carving Memory: The Establishment and Continuation of Art of Art" demonstrates that the reputation of the artist is also a social construction。Mu Lan conducted research on the French artist group in the 1980s，Editor's book "Artist: Social Model Theory"，Investigating a large number of professional art publications，Explore the level of professionalization of the artist。，Menger clarifies the relationship between the professionalization of the artist and the relationship between the employment market with a series of works，The latest book "Work of the Creator: Self -A implementation in uncertainty" is based on "uncertainty"，Integrated Economics and Sociology Perspective，Discussing the action of the art industry、Social interaction and its economic meaning。A new generation of young scholars also conduct more accurate research on the survival status of the artist。

Second，From the perspective of art circulation，Art works from production to acceptance can only enter the public vision。The field of circulation as a "intermediary"，Including art mechanism (market、Institutional and cultural policy)、Social and cultural environment、Art Collection, etc.，This is also an important component of art sociological investigation。Through the study of these intermediary mechanisms，It can enable us to grasp the various restrictions of art works in the circulation link，and the material bet365 live casino games and symbolic effects of the work on different actors。

Mu Lan's "French Painting Market" specifically inspected the relationship between the artist and the art mechanism，Including an artist、Orderinger、Art Museum、Gallery、How does a group of collectors influence art competition，How to shape the consensus between various mechanisms。，George Dolby、Christopher Sherlo pays more attention to the complexity of the social and cultural environment。Cultural policy、In terms of cultural system research，"The Art and Mechanism of the French Revolution to the present to the present"。Dominik Proton combed the emergence and development of the art museum，The masterpiece is "Museum、National and Cultural Heritage "。Philip Urfalino study public policy in the field of contemporary French art，Published "The Invention of Cultural Policy" in 2004。Representatives of the United States in the research of art institutions are the "Tap and Career: Conversion of the French Painting Industry in France"，This book explores the relationship between the French Impressionist and the relationship between the market。

again，In the art consumption stage，Sociologists tend to treat audiences as a social category，Explore the different tastes and tastes of various audiences。They think that the audience's interest is not exactly personal preference or pastime，but a social construction，The difference between the individual and the different types of the different types are directly related to the social classes they belong to，and reflect a certain regularity。

Budie's "Distinguishing: Social Criticism of Judgment Power" first explored the fun social generation，I believe that various artistic fun represents a symbolic capital of different levels of fields，Sorting people in various capital forms、Number of capital，Occupational mode of this class, etc.，Determined their specific aesthetic preferences。In terms of literary acceptance，Joseja explored the sociology of reading。His ability to judge in reading behavior in "Reading"、Judgment mode and reading strategy conducted research。，In this field, there is also Roger Shiltiye's "Reading and Readers in the Old Bet365 lotto review French System Period"、"Reading History" and other important monographs such as "Reading History" by Gerald Mogel。Scholars in the United States focus on researching "fun" questions。Ranis described in "Fun Manufacturing" that the changes in American social fun showed certain regularity，That is, people with elegance and fun and vulgar fun will unite to confront the middle -class fun。In addition, the audience's interesting research also includes the classification of Herbert Gande's "Popular Culture and Elegant Culture" on the taste of American audiences，David Halle's "Inner Vision Culture: Art and Class in American Family" research on artworks in New York families，and Peter Sen's multiple articles about music fun。

Briefly outlines the context of art sociology research，It is not difficult to see，Sociologists often review the artist from the perspective of social construction、Artwork、The attributes of the audience and the art itself，and achieved quite rich research results。but but，These studies are strictly followed by the objective research position of sociology，often wiped out "special characteristics of art", "meaning and value" and other aesthetic attributes and value attributes.。In this aspect，Wendy Griswood advocates incorporating the research of humanities disciplines。Vera Zelberg also calls on humanist and sociologists to learn from each other，Under the premise of confirming the uniqueness of art objects，Drawing on the imagination of sociology。Hainrich also proposed the "value" and "standardization" of art sociology compatible with art in the future，，Observe the functions of these values ​​from a standardized perspective。

Combined with China's academic context，I think，The most valuable place for art sociology for art sociology is its "self -countermeasure"，That is, it is not a simple theoretical application，Not a theoretical model of rigidity，Instead, it depends on sociological research on local art cases，Based on this, multi -angle research on Chinese art。This requires us to conduct more systematic sociological research on Chinese art，Including bet365 best casino games the occupational training of Chinese artists、art mechanism、Art Market、Museum、Collection and other fields of specific experience。The richer the specific research results of this type of research，We can be more clearly aware of the operating mode of the Chinese art system and its institution，Then analyze the similarities and similarities of the Chinese and Western art mechanisms。

　(This article is the basic ability improvement project of young and middle -aged teachers in Guangxi universities in Guangxi universities (2018KY0062) phase results)

(Author Unit: College of Literature and Literature of Guangxi Normal University/College of News and Communication)