From the perspective of archeological relics，Before the 3rd century BC，India does not have a real Buddhist art。The curator of the Asia -Pacific Museum of the University of Southern California MacArthur inspected many early Indian Buddhist ruins in the field，There is a description of the initial art form before the emergence of idolization Buddhism: "First of all, an art expression of religious symbols，The artistic characteristics of this period are the religious symbols that symbolize the teachings of the Buddha，Religious idols created by humanoid。”

According to the artistic relic of the initial period of Buddhism，We can clearly see a dynamic development trajectory that worships the worship of the Buddha to "humanoid"。Professor Benjamin Roland, a professor at Harvard University, argued that "Early Buddhism was a lifestyle，or a philosophical system based on the teachings of the founder，No need to show the Buddha himself。""，We can see，The artistic mother question in the center of the picture is not always in a state of still，Social Consciousness、Official attitude、The development of the system Bet365 lotto review of Buddhism's own system has all played a key role in the formation of early Buddhist art mothers。Flying image as one of the earliest mother questions in Buddhism，In the mural composition of the first stage of Buddhism，Also in line with this feature。

From the known archeological relics，The composition art of Feitian images in the screen mainly has the following two forms。

One，The "tight Naluo -Ganjie Po" composition of the Buddhist ritual。From the perspective of art,，The anthropomorphic art expression of Feitian in India。Ferlier Art Museum collected in the early 2nd century BC, the upper part of Buddhist stone carved murals，With "窣 — Falun" as the central axis，Symmetric drawing two "flying sky"。The left side of the picture is male，Wear traditional Indian traditional hat，round face big eyes thick eyebrows，Circles in the neck，Bare upper body，Raise right in the right hand，Flying on the wind on the elbow，The entire body is U -shaped，Wearing shorts in the lower body，Bend your legs up naturally。Flying on the right side of the screen may be women，Facial round，Similar features to men，Hand -holding flower ring，The lower body is a bird body，Wings engraved behind you。This flying image belongs to the early form of Buddhist art flying，It is also the source of Chinese Buddhist art bet365 live casino games flying。Records according to ancient Indian myths，The "tight Naro" who sings a god of like is a half -person、Half Bird's God。Professor Edward Steffe, a professor at the University of California, pointed out: In the early East Asian religious arts，People often confuse the image of "tight Naro" and "Galin Frequency Gay"，Because they appear in the image of half -man and half -bird in Buddhist art，but actually，There is no connection between the two。Location appeared from the image、shape and function，We can determine that the gods of half -man and half -bird in the picture are flying heaven -tight Naro，3073_3091，The image of the flying sky in the screen is in line with the record of early Indian myths。Two flying sky images in the Ferl Museum of Fine Art Museum，It is also the earliest known Buddhist flying image，And their image and artistic expression paradigm also became the "pink book" of the flying murals in the next few centuries。Among them, the puppet fluttering with the wind、Flying trend of naturally bent upward and the overall U -shaped structure，All can be found in the image of Flying in China。

Its two，The "tight Naluo -tight Naro" and "Ganjie Po -Qianyao Po" composition of the free combination。Flying images in early Indian Buddhism are basically in pairs in murals，But bet365 live casino games their combination form is not the requirements that strictly follow the Buddhist rituals。The Buddhist stone carving murals of Buddhist stone carvings in the Fulil Art Museum is a little later at the north gate of Sangqi Tower (1st century BC)，The Feitian combination of two "tight Naluo" replaced the "Ganjie Po -Ten Nalu" Feitian combination。Another，Favorites in the 1st Century Buddhist murals in the Gami Museum in Paris，Draw a Buddhist ruins，Rites around the admirers and flying sky。There are only 1 picture of Feitian images，Another damage。Look at the only flying sky image，This flying sky is male，Hat decoration、Facial features are similar to Flying images in Ferl Art Museum，Put your hands on your chest，But there is no puppet in the elbow，Body naturally bent upward，But the bending range is slightly smaller than the Flying Flying of the Fulil Art Museum，From the details characteristics of damaged flying sky，The corresponding two flying sky is the first、personal，Maybe it is the combination of "Gan Ye Po -Gan Ye Po"，and the unconventional "tight Naro -Qianyao Po" group。

How does Feitian in the first stage of Buddhism affect the creation of flying in Chinese Buddhist art? This influence should be related to the development of Buddhism。Sinologist Xu Lihe believes: when Bet365 lotto review will Buddhism be introduced to China，Unknown，It may slowly penetrate from the northwest，Two branch lines across the Silk Road across Eurasia entered China in Dunhuang，and passing through the Hexi Corridor from there to enter the "Guanzhong" and the North China Plain，Where is the place where Luoyang, Hulu City is located。This penetration may occur from the first half of the century to the middle of the 1st century (the first time Chinese literature confirms that Buddhism has appeared at this time)。This view is also from many China、Gained support in the archeological achievements of India。Specific to Feitian Image，Although the cultural background is different，But we can see from many Chinese Feitian image relics.。Rulong Gate Cave Tang Dynasty Caves carved around the top lotus of the cave，Most of the prone，Flying -like，The body is slightly curved。Feitian Beam Bun，Wear more ornaments，Bare upper body，Below a sleeve long skirt，The towels are more than the head of the head.，The end is raised from the underarms or drifted around the arms。Xilongren once pointed，But how much they must know those types。From the perspective of artistic representation，There is an inevitable shape association between China Feitian Image and Indian Feitian Image。This evolution process from bet365 live casino games west to east is more complicated，Need to sort out the ins and outs of India -Chinese Buddhist Cultural Heritage。Especially after the introduction of Buddhism into China，Chinese Buddhism's continuous creativity in Indian Buddhism，Forms an independent Buddhist system in China，Chinese Buddhist art also enters the upper social vision，Develop various images that conform to your own national spirit。Especially many Buddhist elements represented by Feitian appear in the underground tombs of China，It is necessary to further clean up and analyze and discuss in -depth discussions。

(This article is the key project of the National Social Science Foundation "Chinese Religious Art Archaeological Chronicles (1949-2016)" (17AZJ002)、The major project of the National Social Science Fund "Multi -Volume" History of Chinese Religious and Art "(17zda237)、The Jiangsu Innovation Plan Project "Research on the Paragraher Transformation of Jiangsu Folk Art Industry under the New Normal Economy" (KYZZ16-0110) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Art of Southeast University)