"Li Sao" was praised by Lu Xun as "Yixiangwei Victory，Zhuoye I "。"Li Sao" one of the reasons for the great achievements，In the use of Qu Yuan's use of symbolic techniques, many images were created，Among them, the most watched is "Vanilla Beauty"。"Vanilla Beauty"，Other images in "Li Sao" also have special value，Wang Yi called "Good Bird、Vanilla with loyalty，Evil poultry、Stinky objects to compare; spiritual practice、Beauty comparable to Jun，Concubine、Daughter -in -law is like a virtuous minister;、鸾 以，Piaoyun、Yunni thinks a villain "，Fully demonstrated the different functions of different images。This article attempts to start with the bird image in "Li Sao"，The Chu cultural atmosphere rooted in the bird image and the blend of romanticism and individual emotions in Qu Yuan's pen。

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"Li Sao" was created when Qu Yuan "worried"。When Qu Yuan is full of aspirations, hopes to assist Chu Huai Wang Li Jing，But "faith and doubt", "loyalty and slander"，Get exiled in the land of Hanbei，Police from Political Determination and Lonely and Pain，promoted the birth of "Li Sao"。It is because of being restricted everywhere in reality，Therefore, you can only gallop in any imagination，so that Qu Yuan chose many lightness and freeness in "Li Sao"、Flying Birds Image。

For details,，The verses involved in the birds involved in "Li Sao" are as follows:

　　Bird: "The birds are not group, of course since the previous life."

Phoenix: "Saitama 虬 鹥，溘 溘 ";，Master Lei sued Yu Yiyi ";，Following the day and night ";，Fear of Gao Xinzhuan ";，Gao soaring wings。”

鸩: "I order 鸩 鸩 鸩 兮 兮, 鸩 鸩."

Dove: "Xiong dove is dying, and the rest is still evil."

Pelida: "Fear Pelida's first sound，Moves Fubaicao is unhappy。”

Because of the "Pelida" in the last sentence, it is only used to refer to the seasonal time，No obvious symbolic meaning。Birds in other sentences can be divided into two categories: good birds and evil birds。

The Bird of Good Birds。Wang Yi Note: "鸷，Kee also。It can be convinced of birds，Eagle 鹯，Metaphorical Zhongzheng。"also said:" Birds are just Li，Special bet365 best casino games offices are not group，Aishi who is loyal，Also dedicated to the festival，Not follow the common people ... than dry、Boyi is also。"Hong Xingzu's nourishment is called" hit birds "。Documents similar to Qu Yuan's records of the records of the birds are relatively concentrated: "Shenzi · Waigang": "The strike of the bird also，Hole flying wings; the fighting of the beast also，。"Sun Tzu · Soldiers Fifth": "Disease of the water，As for the drifting stone，potential;，As for the destroyer，Festival also。"Wei Liaozi": "Bird Birds Brinkle，There is an attack、Those who enter the person。"Wen Zi": "Never and 岀，Fox Two Xiong，Beasts are not group，Beasts are not group，Birds do not double。"Lu's Spring and Autumn · Decision": "If the bird's hit also，Mid -wood is broken，Mid -wood is broken。"Birds are a kind of shocking meat rapto，Da Fan Beast Raptors Action alone，Therefore, a kind of resolute and unyielding、Mepatobe Lonely Gao Spirit。Here is Quanti "The Birds of the Birds，since of previous lives "，On the one hand, Gao Jie character with unsolved birds shows that he will never compromise with evil forces、A distinctive attitude of the villain with different different ways to live in the same security，On the other hand, it uses the bravery of the bird to show that I dare to fight、The spirit of unparalleled。The selection of the image of "Bird" is unexpected and reasonable，showed us an uncompromising、The image of a soldier that is not afraid，He placed himself on the opposite of evil，Angry in color，Oath will fight to the end，A one -inch land that never concessions to morals。

Phoenix of Good Birds。"鹥", "鸾 鸾", "Phoenix", "Phoenix Emperor" appeared in the text，Most of the notes attribute them to the genus of the phoenix bird。About "鹥"，Wang Yi mentioned a record in the "Shan Hai Jing" in the annotation: "There is a Snake Mountain in the North Sea，Snake Water，Flying one hometown。There are five birds with five picks，Flying one hometown，Name of Bird。​​"He pointed out，鹥，One work，Birds or Bird is the alias of the Phoenix，Therefore, this colorful bird also belongs to phoenix。Hong Xingzu replenished the basis Bet365 lotto review of Wang Yi, further replenishing and explaining。The earliest record for "鹥" was originally from "Book of Songs · Da Ya · 凫鹥" ，"凫鹥 凫鹥 泾", "凫鹥 凫鹥", "凫鹥 渚", "凫鹥 潨" and other sentences from the poem，It can be known that the 鹥 here is a kind of water bird，Mao "Chuan" is called "凫，Waterbird also; 鹥，凫 genus "。In the "Said Text" that records the ancient meaning of Chinese characters，鹥 is also released as "凫"。Jiang Liangfu speculated in "Chu Ci Tong"，"鹥" as the phoenix "about the folk legend of the Jianghan generation，Qu Zi also entered "，It is said to be from。"Li Sao" "Saitama 虬 to take the ride"，"Jade" is a dragon -like god，"Linfeng Guilong，Four Spirits of the Four "，The "鹥" here must match with jade，There should be no doubt about phoenix。

"Emperor Emperor", "Phoenix Bird", "Phoenix Emperor" as a phoenix，There has always been no controversy。Feng as the highest legendary godbird，The beauty of its meaning is self -explanatory。And these phoenixes and the like，All accompanied by Qu Yuan's three flights three times，Whether it is the first flight as a guide、Prelimers ("Saitama Boarding", "Emperor Emperor as Yu Xianjie", "I Ling the Phoenix Bird Flying")，During the second flight as a matchmaker ("Fenghuang Emperor is both affected")，Still as the third flight as a follower ("Fenghuang Wing Qi Cheng Qi")，Follow Qu Yuan，It is "things gathering in class、The results of people with group points，They are both the symbol of the noble loyalty and sage of virtue，It is also the representative of Qu Yuan's own beautiful character。

Evil birds。"Said" "鸩" "Poison Birds"。Wang Yi said: "鸩，Yunri also。Yu toxic can kill people。"Hong Xingzu quoted" Guangzhi "cloud:" The bird is as big as，Purple Green，Toxic，Snake 蝮，Xiong Name Fun Day，Female name Yin Homorrhei，Drink with its hair calendar，Killing。"Shan Hai Jing" Guo Yan Note Yiyun: "鸩 鸩，Purple Green，Long -neck red beak，The head of snake food，Xiong Name Fun Day，Female name Yin Homorrhea also。"Since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period，鸩 Always closely connected with "poison"。鸩 Toxicity at the biological level bet365 best casino games makes it also with negative color when it is personified。"Not good for the reminder"，Reflected "its sex thief，Uncomfortable "features。Visible，鸩 is a portrayal of jealous and jealous wicked people around the king，Not only will it not be a matchmaker for the people of loyalty，Instead of entering 谗，Manufacturing obstacles。

Evil bird dove。Hong Xingzu Revised: "Said": Dove，鹘鸼。"Erya" Cloud: 鶌，鹘鸼。Note Cloud: Like mountain magpies and small，short tail，Blue Black，Multi -sound。"Moon Ling" Ming Dove Blush its feather。That's also。"In ancient times, a variety of birds named the name of the dove。Dove here，According to Hong Xingzu's statement，equivalent to "鹘鸼", "鶌 Dove", "Ming Dove"。Dove is not big、Flying is not high，，These features have evolved into ingenuity after it is personified、Fresh and unbelievable personality characteristics，As Wang Yi said, "It is light and Qiao Li，Multi -language without real "。Therefore，Qu Yuan re -enrolled the Dove to the media to hire Zhongxian，But "It's evil and light but not believe"，Leading the female begging again。If the previous 鸩 is the wicked man who "rumors says the remaining obscenity"，Dove is a tongue、Pick up right and wrong villains，The two are also abominable。

　　The cause of the uniqueness of the bird image

In summary, the above -mentioned bird image，It can be found that they all have strong romantic colors and symbolic properties。Qu Yuan directly gives birds such as good, evil, ugliness，Independence of Bird Bird、Beautiful and noble、Insidist of 鸩、Dove of Qiao Words，allows us to make political and moral judgments through these specific images。The uniqueness of the bird image in "Li Sao"，It comes from Chu Cultural Romanticism，The result of the combination of Qu Yuan combining romantic forms with individual emotional kernels。

(1) Chu culture and romanticism

Romantic color of bird image，Rooted soil rooted in Chu Cultural。"Hanshu · Geography" records: "Chu has the Rao of Zeshan Forest of Jiangchuan, Jiangnan;，or Fire Fight。Don’t worry about frozen hunger，Taking fishing and hunting as the industry，Clam Clam，Food often suffers。Therefore, 啙窳 媮，Destiny，Bet365 lotto review Diet will be returned，Don’t worry about frozen hunger，House of Qianqian Gold。"Mountains and rivers Qili、Fonstering products，Make Chu Di people be able to break away from the restraint of reality，Freed up imagination，Created Chu Di folk "Believe Witch Ghost，Masterpiece of Essence "，and inherited by the Chu Guogong who was later relocated from the Central Plains。Therefore, the pre -Qin period，Among the planges began to accept the spirit of rationality，Gradually get rid of the restraint of witchcraft religion，Chu State "Because there are more reservations and residues in the social structure of the primitive clan，It still maintains and develops a gorgeous and beautiful ancient tradition "，This has formed a romantic cultural atmosphere full of strange imagination and hot emotions。

A typical manifestation of Chu Cultural Romantic Gene is the worship of the birds of Phoenix。Phoenix Bird is the totem of the Eastern nation，Noble、Beauty、Glory，And Chu's phoenixing bird complex seems to be more strong than other oriental peoples，Chu Guo text preference for birds and insects，Chu State Cultural Relics，Phoenix's statues and images are countless，Far from the comparable to the cultural relics of other countries in the Zhou Dynasty，Chongfeng's literature records are also comparison: "Historical Records of Chu Shijia" remembering Chu Zhuangwang for questions，Compare yourself to a "three years without flying，Flying will flush the sky;，The amazing god bird of Ming -Phoenix，It reflects the extraordinary courage and spirit with the phoenix。"The Analects" records the song of Chu Madman's singing to the Confucius: "Feng Xi Feng Xi! He Dezhi?，The person who comes can still chase。Already，Already! Today, the politicians are absent!。And as descendants of the nobles of the Chu Kingdom、Zhuangzi, who is deeply influenced by Chu culture，"Back of Taishan painted in" Xiaoyaoyou "，Wing Ruowei Cloud，抟 抟，In fact, it is also the incarnation of Phoenix，Express the realm of Xiaoyao to Fenglai。The most interesting thing is Zhang Zhengming's discussion in "Chu Shi": "The author of" Shan Hai Jing "is mainly Chu Wu，When it comes to Feng, it shows an exciting mood that cannot be suppressed，Bet365 lotto review A lot of praise，I thought the appearance of Feng was a great auspicious auspicious。"Feng as the legendary beautiful bird and god bird，Focusing by the Chu people，It is the best proof of Chu culture romanticism。

The bird image in Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"，Born in Chu Cultural Active Environment，Born in Chu people, "Create more things，Do not keep old，People are art，Romantic Personality of Evil "，and the whole poem pours the pens and ink for the Phoenix Bird，It is also a manifestation of the worship of Chu Cultural Phoenix Bird。Therefore，The generation of bird image，Strictly speaking, it is not Quanti's creation，but his inherent inheritance of Chu Di people。

(2) The combination of romantic form and individual emotional core

The bird image in "Li Sao" is symbolic，Expressing personalities such as good, evil, beauty and ugliness。Compared to the objective pure of the Book of Songs for the Bird Magic Imphatic，This first reflects the characteristics of Chu cultural romanticism。Romantic，Therefore, birds and beasts can have personalities，Emotional excitement，full of primitive vitality，Different from the "Book of Songs" restraint、Gentle and thick rational spirit。The phoenix emperor who shows high wings，The poisonous and cunning 鸩 and dove，Naizhuo's unswerving bird，All with mythology，Nothing to carry Feiteng imagination，Showing "Disposal，The features of the wind and elegant "。

Next，Bird image melting casts Qu Yuan's unique individual experience and perception。As analyzed by the first part，Bird image of mythical imagination，But the poets are not on the slander of the poet's slander and anger，Unwilling to be contaminated with flow、Determination of Dead Defending ideals，and a spirit of high spirit like a phoenix flying with wings with wings。He conveyed these special feelings caused by his special experience through birds，Tobbing for Xing，This has formed an expression of special personal feelings。On these birds，Not only can I see the life of the poet、Ideological status，You can also grasp the pulse of the times through the poet。It can be said，The gorgeous and magnificent of the bird image is just a form，The emotion and spirit contained in it is the content that focuses bet365 Play online games on presentation。It is also this kind of personalism that shows self -integrated in the image of birds，Only to make them have weight。

When the form of romanticism is combined with individual emotional kernels，When "vivid and bright、The kind of uncontrollable and versatile romantic imagination that can only appear in the original myth，and the most hot and deep，Individual personality and sentiment that can only have at the moment of rational awakening，The most fulfillable melting into an organic whole "，Bird Immigration really has the value beyond time and space，Show the unique style of individual life。If Huang Zhongmo thinks，"Chu Ci" injects two spirit into Chinese literature (this is the lack of the Book of Songs)，The spirit of individualism and romanticism，It is also a poem that is also a poem that is like birds.，Make Qu Yuan's creation different from the flavor of folk songs of the Book of Songs，and truly have the temperament of the literati，This has created a new era of Chinese literature。

(Author Unit: Chinese University of Hong Kong)