Sichuan Sanxingdui Site in Sichuan, Sanxingdui, 1986 Excavated No. 1、Timetable of the No. 2 utensil，Causes a sensation，Famous attention。Since 2019，at No. 1、Turning near the pit No. 2，I found six utensils pit，Lift the Sanxingdui cultural heat again。Various exquisite utensils unearthed from the eight utensils show the unique and splendid ancient Shu civilization of China in ancient times.。

　　bet365 live casino games

Sanxingdui culture presents a very clear uniqueness。Since the 1980s，Academic and society's understanding of the positioning and attributes of Sanxingdui culture，There are many opinions，Mo Chengyi is: There is the ancient Shu country、Alien said、Source of West Asia and other sayings。

My understanding method is，According to the characteristics of cultural relics unearthed from Sanxingdui，Sanxingdui culture can be divided into two groups of factors。The first group is the unique cultural factors of Sanxingdui culture，Including large bronze standing portrait、The "Bronze Bronze Statue" (also known as the "Copper Mask")、Eyeper、eye bubble、Dragon -column shaped device、Copper Temple and Altar Model、Shenshu、Golden mask bronze avatar、A large number of ivory, etc.。These utensils are a large amount in terms of quantity，It is also the main body of Sanxingdui culture and cannot be seen in other cultures。The second group of cultural factors can be seen in Central Plains and other regions，Including Jade、Yu Ge、Jade、Jade、Copper Zun、Copper 罍、bronze medal、Tao Yan、Tao Yan, etc.，The ratio of quantity is small。

Where，The first group of cultural factors present the unique personality of Sanxingdui culture，Our discussion of the attributes of Sanxingdui cultural family should also start from this group of cultural factors。The second group of cultural factors present a cultural exchange relationship between Sanxingdui and Central Plains and other regions，Handicapped horizontal interaction at the same time，There are also vertical accumulation of different periods。

　　The relationship between Sanxingdui and the ancient Shu Kingdom

From the first group of factors of Sanxingdui culture，It is not difficult to see the relationship between Sanxingdui culture and the ancient Shu country of the ancient Shu country。Bet365 lotto review For this，Researcher Duan Yu and other scholars in Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences had preliminary studies in the 1990s; recently，Chinese Mr. Deng Honghai, a Chinese living in Canada, generally belongs to this kind of view from the relevant articles published in local Chinese newspapers。

Let's say，The first group of factors of Sanxingdui culture is the most prominent、Also the least understood by the world is the bronze statue that is extremely exaggerated outward，I call the "vertical eye" on the bronze statue。"Summer" is difficult to understand by common sense，However, it is precisely the breakthrough point of the Sanxingdui cultural family。"Sonuction" uses extremely exaggerated methods to express the eyes of the eyes protruding outward，This is the divine nature of the bronze statue that deliberately emphasizes the statue of bronze。Starting from this feature，We can do two connections: the relationship between "vertical eyes" and the word "Shu" in the golden text "Shu"; Remember the relationship between the "vertical" of the Silkworm Through Silkworm。

"Shu", Oracle Writing "”“", Jinwen wrote"”，All from the eyes and insects。There are "Shu Shou Nian" in Oracle，This is a record for the successful harvest of the divination of Shu.，Show the relationship between the late Central Plains dynasty and the Shu Kingdom。The word "Shu" of Oracle Bone Golden Texts from the "insect" of the worm，Really from the dragon。"Speaking Words": "Dragon，Linds of Linwa。"The word" dragon "in the golden text of Oracle，Writing ""(Oracle),""" (Golden text)，From the worm from the Xin，Open the big mouth。"Xin" on the head of "Dragon"，Express the animal horns，This is the special expression of the mystery of the dragon，"Phoenix" like Oracle is also from Xin，Indicates the crown of Phoenix，It is also an expression of the mystery of phoenix。"Shu" in the "Shu" character in the golden text，The emphasis is "Meter"，It is a close -up of the close -up of the combination of the "mesh" and the dragon -shaped body。Duan Yu thinks，Sanxingdui No. 2 pit unearthed from large -scale stand -up portraits on the base of large portrait bases is "Shu"，This pattern is symmetrical，Carved double "worms" (dragon)，It is two "Shu" characters with two parallel pairs，Consistent with the word "Shu" of Oracle。

The "vertical eye" of the huge bronze statue of Sanxingdui、The word "Shu" "Shu" of Oracle Bone also emphasizes the "Shu" character pattern bet365 live casino games carved on the large portrait base unearthed from Sanxingdui No. 2 pit.，Let's say，Sanxingdui Culture In terms of ethnicity, it is the ancient Shu country of the Xia and Shang dynasties。In the past，Among the scholars who study Oracle，Some people think that "Shu" in Oracle may not be the Shu country in Sichuan，Because Sichuan Shu Kingdom is too far from Central Plains。We think，This is the scope of underestimating the relationship between the ancients of the ancients，Unearthed from Samsung Dou，Cultural exchanges between the two can be seen。

"Shu King's Benji" records: "The first name of the King of Shu King，The descendants are named Bai Yan，All deified immortality。This three generations are hundreds of years each，All deified immortality。"Huayang Guozhi · Shu Zhi" records: "Shu Xianjia King，There are Shuhou silkworm bushes，Its vertical。""，We "Silkworm Cluster，Its vertical "is not understood，But with Samsung Dou No. 1、No. 2 utensil pit discovered after discovering，Those bronze statues with abnormal eyesight of the eyeballs suddenly remind us of the so -called "vertical"，It turned out to use exaggerated techniques to express the divineness of the ancestor god in this area。As Deng Honghai said，"Sonuction" shows "Extreme Eyes"。

In the academic world，There is a view that "Shu King Benji" and "Huayang National Chronicle" are written in the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty，Time is late，Not enough to believe。I don’t know，According to "Hanshu · Yangxiong Biography"，Yangxiong is from Chengdu, Shu County，He "less and easy to learn"，"Seeing everything"。From this we can know，Yangxiong wrote "Shu King's Benji"，The classics literature circulating in Shundi should be based on the basis of the basics，There are also ancient historical legends that have been passed down from the people of Shu Di，That is, "Shu Wang Benji" is by no means fictional to the wall。and "Huayang National Chronicles" is compiled into Shu Zhi with the Shu King of Shu，It was originally in Shutan Shu King's deeds，So supporting "Shu King's Benji"，It is an important information for studying the ancient Shu Kingdom of ancient Shu，It is also an important reference for studying Sanxingdui culture。

This research method similar to Wang Guowei's "dual evidence method"，That is, the literature and materials uploaded on the ground and the mutual confirmation of text materials unearthed underground。The bronze Bet365 lotto review statue (ancestor statue) characterized by "vertical eyes" unearthed from Sanxingdui、Oracle Bone Bone Cross -Bude's "Shu" and "Shu Shou Nian" and other words、"Shu Wang Benji" and "Huayang National Chronicle" recorded in the Shu King Silkworm Crows "Its Outlore"，These three can be confirmed by each other。From this，It can be known from the first group of factors in Sanxingdui culture，Sanxingdui Culture is the ancient Shu culture of the Xiashang period。

At the same time，In the first group of Sanxingdui culture, there are "gold foil scepter"，Some people think that the Sanxingdui culture seems to have something to do with the West Asia Basin and other places。I think，Although the symbol of ancient Chinese kingship is manifested by 钺，The shape of the word "king" is related to 钺，The Central Plains dynasty does not use the "scepter" to express the kingship，But the pattern on the "gold foil traine" of Samsung Dou、Bird、Ya composition，The theme of fish。"The King of Shu King" and "Huayang Guozhi" says that the third generation of Shu King of Shu Kingdom "Famous Fish"，Expressing fish as a totem。So，The "Gold Foil Trace" unearthed from Sanxingdui，Its direction is not foreign culture，And the local ancient Shu culture。

　　The relationship between Sanxingdui and Central Plains and other regions

Sanxingdui culture The second group of factors is a foreign cultural factor for Sanxingdui: Some come from the Central Plains，Some come from southern my country and other places。They include two connotations: First, the age of Sanxingdui culture，The second is the relationship between Sanxingdui culture and Central Plains and other regions。

For the data obtained by the carbon fourteen measurement of the charcoal specimen unearthed from the Sanxingdui site, especially the carbon specimens unearthed from the utensil pit，It is the decisive basis for its age。Compare the utensils unearthed from Sanxingdui utensils with similar utensils in Central Plains culture，It is also an important basis for judging the age of Sanxingdui culture。Among the utensils that are unearthed in the second group of factors，Bronze Rites in the same period as the Shang Dynasty Yinxu culture as the Shang Dynasty，There is also a jade device in the same period as the Erlitou Culture (late summer) in the Central Plains、Tao Li, etc.。For example，Samsung Dou No. 1、The jade unearthed from the No. 2 utensil pit is the same as the similar utensils of the Erlitou site of Henan Yanshi。

Sanxingdui has found eight utensil pit so far，As far as each utensil bet365 best casino games is concerned，All are one -time buried。In archeology，If the utensils in a unit belong to different periods，So the latest utensils that determine the unit buried in this unit。So，Although some of the utensils are in the late Shang Dynasty，Some belong to the Xia Dynasty，But the burial era must be the late Shang Dynasty。Those in the eight utensils that belong to the Xia Dynasty，Rites such as Jade，The handed down ritual instrument passed down from generation to generation of the royal family of Sanxingdui，It shows that in the summer of the Xia Dynasty, Sanxingdui people have cultural communication with the Central Plains region，These rituals from communication have been saved，The bronze wares and other utensils cast by Sanxingdui people in the contemporary in the contemporary were buried。

In the second group of factors，Dragon Tiger Zun unearthed from the No. 1 utensils reflects the cultural exchange between the Sanxingdui culture and the tiger square in the south of the same period。The shape and style of Tongzun belong to business culture，and the combination of the combination of Tongzun and Tiger is a totem myth born by the ancestor of the tiger square。A Dragon and Tiger Zun, which is exactly the same as this Sanxingdui Dragon Tiger Zun, unearthed in Zhuzhai Runhe, Funan, Anhui。This kind of human tiger combination theme，The most typical is legendary unearthed in Anhua, Hunan, China、The so -called "tiger food" hidden in Kyoto Museum in Kyoto, Japan and the Parisian Museum in France。Human Tiger combination theme has also appeared in Yin Ruins，For example, the patterns on the bronzes unearthed from a woman's tomb and the tattoos on the ears of the post -mother Wu Tong Ding are one person in the mouth of the two tigers。

The meaning of such subjects，The general explanation in the past is a tiger eat people，So it is said that the two copper crickets unearthed in Anhua, Hunan were named "Tiger Food Ren"。But，Observe the human form on the 卣 卣，Although the head is placed under the open tiger's mouth，But people's faces are not fear or despair，But it looks peaceful and calm。As a whole,，The situation of the entire humanoid and the tiger is in the situation，Tigers holding people，Human hands on the tiger，Cosmetic Tiger，Not a tiger tear、人 人 人。

Sanxingdui and the human form under the bronze respected tiger mouth unearthed from Sanxingdui and Funan, Anhui，"Frog bet365 Play online games -shaped" shape with flexing arms squat，It also looks peaceful and peaceful。These are just the combination of people and tigers、People are in the tiger，instead of manifesting as a tiger food。I think，The relationship between people and tigers in this subject matter，Similar to the relationship between people and totems similar to similar themes in the Olmek people in Central America，That is the people of the tiger、People are in the mouth of the tiger，Expressed the tribe from Tiger，It is a myth of the ancestor of the tribe that is associated with the totem worship。

So，Why the "Tiger Fang" in the south in the Oracle Bonewen，The theme of the ancestor's birth myth can appear in Sanxingdui, Sichuan, Sichuan and Yinxu, Henan Province? I think，This was caused by the spiritual and cultural exchanges of various tribes at that time at that time，This kind of subject matter originated from Tiger Fang，Get more spread outside the tiger side。For Tiger Fang，They cast a bronze ware embraced by people like "Tiger Food"，Expressing the ancestors of their tribes originated from the myth of the ancestors of the tiger; for the Yin Shang royal family，On the bronze buns of the princess and female general of Shangwang Wuding, and the tattoo of the tiger combination of the tiger of the tiger on the ears of the post -mother Wu Ding ears，It is the myth of the birth of the ancestor of the Tiger Fang clan，to achieve military control and controlling Tiger Fang and even the southern nationals with the league with Tiger Fang;，It can be interpreted as a close relationship with them，Shang Shi Shu's clan god of Tiger Fang、The myth of the birth of the tiger's tribe of Tiger Fang is recognized by the myth of the birth of the tiger，The ruling classes of the two square countries of the two places have had good communication in the spiritual field ("The Origin of Ancient Chinese State and the Formation of King Quanquan")。

Based on the positive of the above -mentioned Sanxingdui cultural family, and the explanation of the Sanxingdui culture and the interaction of various ethnic groups in the same period，You can give more scientific and reasonable positioning to Sanxingdui culture -it is the ancient Shu country culture during the Xia and Shang dynasties。With such a position，We will have a consciousness and confidence in our publicity of Sanxingdui culture，can completely exclude "Alien theory" and other "foreign speaking"。For this，I suggest: At bet365 best casino games the exhibition of Sanxingdui Museum，To strengthen or order the relationship between Sanxingdui culture and the ancient Shu country during the Xia and Shang period。The original exhibition introduction will be the ancient Egyptian civilization、Somel Civilization in the West Asia Basin and Sanxingdui Civilization Breight，It should be modified: before Sanxingdui civilization, add the Central Plains Xia Shang Dynasty national civilization，That is, adding the Xia Shang Dynasty National Civilization between the Sumer Civilization and Sanxingdui civilization in the West Asia Basin，It is clearly expressing that Sanxingdui civilization is the Shu land civilization of Chinese civilization during the Xiashang period，It is both unique，Also local。

　　(The author is a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Deputy Director of History Department)