Excavation No. 1 bet365 live casino games Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan in 1986、No. 2 artifact pit time，It caused a sensation，Attracting worldwide attention。Since 2019，No. 1、Near the No. 2 Artifact Pit，Six more artifact pits were discovered，The cultural craze in Sanxingdui started again。The various exquisite artifacts unearthed from these eight artifact pits show the world the unique and splendid ancient Shu civilization in ancient China。

　　Two sets of cultural factors in bet365 live casino games

Sanxingdui culture presents a very distinctive uniqueness。Since the 1980s，Understanding bet365 live casino games positioning and attributes of Sanxingdui culture in academia and society，There are different opinions，Can’t agree on one thing: There is a theory about the ancient Shu Kingdom、Alien said、West Asian origin theory and various other theories。

My way of understanding is，According to the characteristics bet365 live casino games cultural relics unearthed from Sanxingdui，Sanxingdui culture can be divided into two groups of factors。The first group is the unique cultural factors of Sanxingdui culture，Including large bronze standing figures、The "Protruding-eyed Bronze God Statue" with abnormally protruding eyeballs (also known as the "Bronze Man Mask")、eye-shaped device、Eye bubble、Dragon Climbing Cylindrical Device、Bronze models of temples and altars、Sacred Tree、Golden Mask Bronze Head、A large amount of ivory, etc.。These artifacts are large in quantity，It is also the main body in Sanxingdui culture and cannot be seen in other cultures。The second group of cultural factors can be seen in the Central Plains and other regions，Including Yuzhang、Yu Ge、Jade Cong、Jade、Bronze Zun、Bronze Lei、Bronze medal decoration、Tao Jie、Tao Wei, etc.，Quantity ratio is small。

among them，The first group of cultural factors presents the unique personality of Sanxingdui culture，Our discussion bet365 live casino games ethnic attributes of Sanxingdui culture should also mainly start from this group of cultural factors。The second group of cultural factors presents the cultural exchange relationship between Sanxingdui, the Central Plains and other regions，Existing horizontal exchanges at the same time，There are also vertical accumulations in different periods。

　　The relationship between bet365 live casino games and the ancient Shu Kingdom

From the first set of factors of Sanxingdui culture，It is not difficult to see the relationship between Sanxingdui culture and the ancient Shu Kingdom。To this，Researcher Duan Yu bet365 live casino games Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences and other scholars conducted preliminary research in the 1990s；Recently，Relevant articles published by Mr. Deng Honghai, a Chinese living in Canada, in local Chinese newspapers generally fall into this category。

We say，The most prominent among the first group of factors of Sanxingdui culture、What is also least understood by the world is the extremely exaggerated protruding eyeballs bet365 live casino games bronze statue，I call it the "vertical eyes" on the bronze statue。“Zongmu” is difficult to understand by common sense，However, it is precisely the breakthrough point in exploring the genus of Sanxingdui culture。"Zongmu" uses an extremely exaggerated technique to express the protruding eyes，This is a special emphasis on the divinity bet365 live casino games bronze statue - its eyes reach the sky。Starting from this characteristic，We can make two connections: the relationship between "Zongmu" and the word "Shu" in oracle bone inscriptions；The relationship between "Zongmu" and the "Zongmu" of Shu King Cancong recorded in "The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu" by Yang Xiong bet365 live casino games Han Dynasty and "Huayang Guozhi·Shu Zhi" by Chang Xu bet365 live casino games Eastern Jin Dynasty。

　The word "bet365 live casino games" is written in oracle bone script "”“", written in bet365 live casino games"”，All from the same order and from all insects。There is an inscription "bet365 live casino games Shou Year" in the oracle bone inscriptions，This is a record of predicting the harvest of bet365 live casino games，Shows the relationship between the Central Plains Dynasty and bet365 live casino games Kingdom in the late Shang Dynasty。The word "bet365 live casino games" in the oracle bone inscriptions comes from the word "worm" in the oracle bone inscriptions，In reality, follow the dragon。"Shuowen Jiezi": "龙，The leader of Lin Chong。”There is also the word “dragon” in the oracle bone inscriptions，Writing""(bet365 live casino games),"”(Bronze Inscription)，Cong Chong Cong Xin，Open your mouth。The "Xin" on the head bet365 live casino games "dragon"，Represents the horns，This is a special expression bet365 live casino games mystery bet365 live casino games dragon，Just like the "phoenix" in oracle bone inscriptions also comes from xin，The crown representing the phoenix，Also an expression bet365 live casino games mystery bet365 live casino games phoenix。The glyph of "Shu" in oracle bone inscriptions，The emphasis is on “purpose”，It is the combination bet365 live casino games close-up "eye" and the dragon-shaped body。Duan Yu thinks，The picture carved on the base bet365 live casino games large standing figure unearthed from Sanxingdui Pit No. 2 has the word "Shu"，The pattern is symmetrical，Engrave double "worms" (dragons) under the double "eyes" characters，It is two parallel and dual patterns bet365 live casino games word "Shu"，Consistent with the word "Shu" in oracle bone inscriptions。

The "longitudinal eyes" bet365 live casino games huge bronze statue of Sanxingdui、The word "Shu" in oracle bone inscriptions also emphasizes "eyes" and the pattern bet365 live casino games word "Shu" carved on the base bet365 live casino games large standing figure unearthed from Sanxingdui Pit No. 2，We say，Sanxingdui culture is the ancient Shu culture bet365 live casino games Xia and Shang dynasties in terms of ethnicity。Previous，Among scholars who study oracle bone inscriptions，Some people think that the "Shu" in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions may not be the Shu Kingdom in Sichuan，Because Sichuan Shu Kingdom is too far away from the Central Plains。We think，This is an underestimate bet365 live casino games scope of interactions between ancient ancestors，The ritual objects unearthed from Sanxingdui belong to the Central Plains Dynasty，This shows the cultural exchange between the two。

"The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu" records: "The first name bet365 live casino games King of Shu was Cancong，The descendant’s name is Bai Yi，The latter is named Yufu。These three generations are each hundreds of years old，All are deified and immortal。" "Huayang Guozhi Shu Zhi" records: "Shu first became king，There are silkworms in Shuhou，His eyesight。”Previously，Our relationship with King Shu "Silkworm Cong"，His eyes are "unable to understand"，But with Sanxingdui No.1、After the discovery of artifact pit No. 2，Those bronze statues with abnormally protruding eyeballs immediately remind us bet365 live casino games so-called "Zongmu"，It turned out to be an exaggerated way to express the divinity of their ancestors in this aspect。As Deng Honghai said，"Zongmu" expresses "eyes reaching to the sky"。

In academia，There is a view that "The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu" and "The Chronicles of Huayang" were written in the Han Dynasty and Jin Dynasty respectively，Later time，Not enough to believe。I don’t know，According to "Hanshu·Yangxiong Biography"，Yang Xiong is from Chengdu, Shu County，He is "few but eager to learn"，"See everything at the Expo"。From this we can infer，Yang Xiong wrote "The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu"，The basis should be based on classics and documents circulated in Shu，There are also ancient historical legends passed down orally among the people of Shu，That is, "The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu" is by no means a fabrication。And "Huayang Guozhi" compiled the affairs bet365 live casino games king of Shu into the annals of Shu，It is based on the deeds bet365 live casino games King of Shu in Shu，So it is matched with "The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu"，Is important information for studying the ancient Shu Kingdom，It is also an important reference for studying Sanxingdui culture。

This is similar to Wang Guowei’s “double evidence method” research method，That is, the mutual corroboration between the documents on the ground and the written materials unearthed underground。Bronze statues (ancestral statues) unearthed in Sanxingdui and characterized by “vertical eyes”、Oracle bone inscriptions include the word "Shu" and the inscriptions such as "Shu Shou Nian"、"The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu" and "The Chronicles of Huayang" record that the King of Shu Cancong "has his eyes"，These three can corroborate each other。From this，From the first set of factors in Sanxingdui culture，Sanxingdui culture is the ancient Shu culture of Xia and Shang Dynasties。

At the same time，The first set of factors of Sanxingdui culture also includes the “gold foil scepter”，Some people believe that the Sanxingdui culture seems to be related to the Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia in West Asia。I think，Although the symbol of ancient Chinese royal power is represented by the Yue，Even the shape bet365 live casino games character "王" is related to Yue，The Central Plains Dynasty did not use a "scepter" to express royal power，But the pattern on Sanxingdui’s “gold foil scepter” is made of fish、Bird、Vector composition，Fish themed。"The Chronicles bet365 live casino games King of Shu" and "The Chronicles of Huayang" say that the third generation of Shu kings in the ancient Shu Kingdom was "famous Yufu"，Representing fish as a totem。So，The “gold foil scepter” unearthed from Sanxingdui，Its orientation is not towards foreign culture，It is the local ancient Shu culture。

　　The relationship between bet365 live casino games and the Central Plains and other regions

The second group of factors of bet365 live casino games are foreign cultural factors to Sanxingdui: some come from the Central Plains，Some are from southern my country and other places。They include two connotations: one is the age of bet365 live casino games，The second is the relationship between bet365 live casino games and the Central Plains and other regions。

Data obtained from carbon 14 determination of charcoal specimens unearthed from the Sanxingdui site, especially from the artifact pit，is the decisive basis for its age。Compare the artifacts unearthed from the Sanxingdui artifact pit with similar artifacts from the Central Plains culture，It is also an important basis for judging the age of Sanxingdui culture。Among the unearthed artifacts belonging to the second group of factors，There are bronze ritual vessels from the same period as the Yinxu culture bet365 live casino games Shang Dynasty，There are also jade ritual vessels from the same period as the Erlitou Culture (late Xia Dynasty) in the Central Plains、Pottery ritual vessels, etc.。For example，Sanxingdui No.1、The jade Zhang unearthed from the No. 2 Artifact Pit is the same as the same kind of artifacts from the Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan。

Eight artifact pits discovered so far in Sanxingdui，For each artifact pit，They were all buried at once。In Archeology，If the artifacts in a unit belong to different periods，Then what determines the burial age of this unit is the latest artifact。So，Although some bet365 live casino games artifacts belong to the late Shang Dynasty，Some belong to Xia Dynasty，But the burial date must be the late Shang Dynasty。Those artifacts belonging to the Xia Dynasty in the eight artifact pits，Such as jade and other ritual vessels，A ritual artifact passed down from generation to generation and protected by the Sanxingdui royal family，It shows that the Sanxingdui people had cultural exchanges with the Central Plains during the Xia Dynasty，These ritual vessels from exchanges have been preserved，Buried together with bronzes and other objects cast by Sanxingdui people in the Shang Dynasty。

In the second set of factors，The Dragon and Tiger statue unearthed from the No. 1 artifact pit reflects the cultural exchange between Sanxingdui culture and Hufang in the south during the same period。The shape and style bet365 live casino games bronze statue belong to Shang culture，The theme bet365 live casino games combination bet365 live casino games Bronze Master and the tiger is the totem myth bet365 live casino games birth bet365 live casino games ancestor bet365 live casino games tiger side。A dragon and tiger statue identical to this Sanxingdui dragon and tiger statue was unearthed in Runhe, Zhuzhai, Funan, Anhui。This kind of human-tiger combination theme，The most typical one is said to be unearthed in Anhua, Hunan, China、The so-called "tiger-eating man-eater" currently in the collection bet365 live casino games Izumiya Museum in Kyoto, Japan, and the Cernuschi Museum in Paris, France。The theme of human-tiger combination also appeared in Yinxu，For example, the patterns on the ears bet365 live casino games bronze ax and the Houmuwu bronze tripod unearthed from Fuhao's tomb are two tigers with a human head in their mouth。

　The meaning of this type of subject matter，The common explanation bet365 live casino games past was that tigers eat people，So it is said that the two bronze hammers unearthed in Anhua, Hunan were named "tiger-eating man-eaters"。But，Observe the human form on the wall，Although the human head is placed under the open tiger's mouth，But the face does not show fear or despair，But it seems peaceful and calm。On the whole，The entire human form and the tiger are in an embrace，Tiger hugging people，Human hands resting on the tiger，Snuggling against the tiger，It’s not a tiger tearing apart、Looking like eating people。

The human figure under the tiger’s mouth on the bronze statues unearthed from bet365 live casino games and Funan, Anhui，Presenting a "frog-like" shape with bent arms and squatting，It also seems peaceful and peaceful。These just show the combination of man and tiger、Man among tigers，Rather than appearing as a tiger eating a man。I think，The relationship between humans and tigers in this genre，Similar to the relationship between people and totem objects shown in similar themes among the Olmecs of Mesoamerica，That is, humans and tigers coexist、Man in the tiger's mouth，Expresses that the tribe is derived from tiger，It is a tribal ancestor birth myth associated with totem worship。

Then，Why is the "Tiger Fang" in the South mentioned in Oracle，The theme bet365 live casino games birth myth of his ancestors can appear in Sanxingdui, Guanghan, Sichuan and Yinxu, Anyang, Henan？I think，This was caused by the spiritual and cultural exchanges between various tribes at that time，That is, this kind of theme originated from Hufang，Spread outside Hufang。For Hu Fang，They cast bronzes like "Tiger Eats Man and Tiger", in which humans and tigers embrace each other，Expresses the birth myth bet365 live casino games ancestors of their tribe who came from tigers；For the Yin and Shang royal families，The pattern bet365 live casino games union of man and tiger was cast on the copper ax used by Wu Hao, the princess and female general of King Wuding of Shang Dynasty, and on the ears of Wuding, the stepmother bet365 live casino games Shang Dynasty，By identifying with the birth myth bet365 live casino games ancestor bet365 live casino games Hufang tribe，In order to achieve military control and control over the Hu Fang and even the southern tribes that are allied with the Hu Fang；For Fang countries in places such as Sanxingdui，It can be explained that Hu Fang had close contact with them，The clan god bet365 live casino games Shu Kingdom against Hu Fang during the Shang Dynasty、I agree with the birth myth bet365 live casino games ancestor bet365 live casino games tribe that Hu Fang came from tiger，The ruling classes bet365 live casino games two places and two kingdoms have had good communication in the spiritual field (Wang Zhenzhong's "The Origin of Ancient Chinese States and the Formation of Royal Power")。

Based on the above inference bet365 live casino games ethnic origin of Sanxingdui culture and the elaboration bet365 live casino games interactions between Sanxingdui culture and various ethnic groups in various places during the same period，The Sanxingdui culture can be given a more scientific and reasonable positioning - it is the ancient Shu culture bet365 live casino games Xia and Shang dynasties。With such a positioning，We will have a sense of consciousness and confidence in promoting Sanxingdui culture，You can completely rule out the "alien theory" and other "external theories"。For this，I recommend: on display in Sanxingdui Museum，To strengthen or point out the relationship between Sanxingdui culture and the ancient Shu Kingdom during the Xia and Shang Dynasties。The original exhibition introduction introduces ancient Egyptian civilization in the beginning、The Sumerian civilization and the Sanxingdui civilization in the two river basins of West Asia are parallel，Should be modified to: add the national civilization bet365 live casino games Xia and Shang dynasties bet365 live casino games Central Plains before the Sanxingdui Civilization，That is, adding the national civilization bet365 live casino games Xia and Shang dynasties between the Sumerian civilization and the Sanxingdui civilization in the Mesopotamia of West Asia，Clearly expresses that the Sanxingdui civilization is the Shu civilization bet365 live casino games Chinese civilization during the Xia and Shang dynasties，It is unique，Also local。

　　(The author is a member bet365 live casino games Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Deputy Director bet365 live casino games Department of History)