An important carrier of Chinese excellent traditional culture，Chinese characters have two development routes in domestic heritage and external communication。Chinese character east is one of the main ways for out -of -domain communication。China and Japan are one -piece water，History and humanistic origin deep，More than 1500 years ago，Chinese books along the East of the Maritime Silk Road，Chinese characters are beginning to be well known and learned by the Japanese、Borrowing and follow -up。Japanese from voices to Chinese characters from voices to borrowing，and created Japanese "pseudonym" based on "real name" Chinese characters，This has promoted the formation of the Japanese text symbol system。time to this day，Chinese words still play an important role in Japanese。

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Japanese Chinese words refer to Chinese borrowing words in Japanese，The sound of the word、shape、Yizhi comes from Chinese。Some words only borrow the writing method of Chinese characters，such as "bitter hands" "red tide"，But its pronunciation still follows the sound inherent in Japanese，The origin of its origin is still inherent in Japanese，The so -called training，These words do not belong to Japanese Chinese words。Chinese words are Chinese words in the real sense，Not only borrowed the writing method of Chinese at that time，I borrowed the pronunciation and meaning of Chinese，such as "Mr.", "All", etc.。In modern Japan, the "harmonious" Chinese vocabulary created by Chinese classics is also a Chinese borrowing bet365 best casino games word in a broad sense，Including "経済", "Revolution", etc.。These Chinese borrowings are collectively referred to as Japanese Chinese words。

The vocabulary of Chinese words in Japanese far exceeds Japanese inherent vocabulary。According to the development of the Institute of National Mandarin in Japan、Modern Japanese written balancing corpus with 145 million vocabulary (hereinafter referred to as "BCCWJ") statistical data display，Under non -heavy statistics，The number of Chinese words accounts for 43.59%of the total vocabulary of BCCWJ，Far exceeds the proportion of Japanese vocabulary 32.98%。

But the statistics of BCCWJ only considers the Chinese words directly borrowed，Study found out，There are a lot of mixed words containing Chinese characters。such as the noun "Tai Institute" (だ い どころ) is collected by the corpus as a mixed word，Among them, "Taiwan" is sound reading，Chinese characters borrowed，"What" is training，ingredients in Japanese; then the verb "Li Yan" is also collected as a mixed word，"Power" is Chinese word，Add Japanese pseudonym "む"，Keep the same form of the inherent verbs of Japanese，You can also change the grammatical function of Japanese verbs through the form of words。These hybrid words containing Chinese characters are also a way to borrow Chinese words，The "indirect borrowing" after the transformation of the Japanese word "localization" in the Japanese word，Not only the grammatical function of this word in Japanese，The vocabulary of Japanese is expanded，enriched the expression of Japanese。

If these indirect borrowed Chinese words，Under non -repeated statistics，The number of Chinese words should account for more bet365 Play online games than 48%of the total vocabulary of BCCWJ，It has been close to half。The proportion of Chinese words is so large，It is enough to explain its important position in Japanese vocabulary and the strong vitality and communication of Chinese characters。

　　Japanese borrowing Chinese words is wide and in -depth

Hanri two language contact time early，Long contact time、wide range，Chinese words have been used in all aspects of Japanese life。For example，Greeting "Today (こ こ ん に ち ち) は"、"Yuan 気"，All Chinese words borrowed。These words are extremely high in daily life in Japanese people，It can be said that if there is no Chinese word，The most basic expression of Japanese as an independent language may be a problem。All independent words in Japanese borrow Chinese words in a direct or indirect way。All the dips in Japanese are expressed in Chinese words，Only numbers within ten and inherent expression of Japanese。Only numbers within ten and inherent expression of Japanese，About 54%of the noun in Japanese、5%verb、36%adjective、17%of the connective words borrowed Chinese words in a direct or indirect way，For the connection words and end words，This ratio even reaches more than 88%and 70%or more，Japanese quantity words、Poly word、The sequel also borrowed Chinese words in different proportion。

Chinese characters with simplicity、High -efficiency expressions，It is often used priority on more solemn occasions。The "secret" word high vote in 2020 was elected as the Chinese character of the year in Japan，"3 secrets" is selected as the annual pop word in Japan，"Conversion represented by" 3 Secrets "、Dense、Her close contact "fully shows the intuitive Chinese words、Features of high recognition。

bet365 live casino games The application of Chinese words in Japan not only exists in various independent words，It is also borrowed to the core word。The 1950s，American linguist Morris Swadesh (Morris Swadesh) uses the idea of ​​radioactive carbon fixed -year method to study of language evolution，The concept of core words is proposed，That is, there are relatively stable and not easy to replace in various languages，The number is 100-200，These words are the most typical of a language、The most reliable part。Investigation，The core word of Japanese has already appeared in the situation of borrowing Chinese words or Chinese words and inherent words。"Da" of "Private" is to borrow Chinese words，"Meat (Meat (Japanese is read as し し)" is almost replaced by the Chinese word "meat (Japanese sound)" in actual use。In addition，Chinese characters in the core word of Japanese、a、2、Men、Women、Seed、bark、Heart、Liver Blossom、Sun、Inherent expression of the puppets and Japanese and use。It can be seen that the borrowing of Chinese words in Japanese is not only breadth, but also depth，The individual core words have appeared with Chinese words and even replaced by Chinese words。

The borrowing of Chinese words in Japanese is wide and in -depth，But there are also limitations。This limitation is mainly reflected in the two types of subsidiary words of Japanese auxiliary words and auxiliary verbs。Auxiliary words in Japanese such as "は、が、に ", etc.，Followed noun in use、verb、Polaries and other words later，No formal change，Its main function is to express the relationship before and after。auxiliary verbs such as "れる、た い、そうだ ", etc.，There is a bet365 best casino games change of words，But it cannot be like a verb、Something to do predicate like that adjective，​​Instead, you need to connect to the verb、Ugical later，Expressive Decision、Negative、speculation、Rumors、Recall the semantics，Complete the prayer、Passive、It's over、Demonstration and other means expression。These two types of words are closely related to the meaning of Japanese grammar，Although only 0.075%and 0.038%of the total vocabulary volume of BCCWJ vocabulary is accounting in non -repeated statistics,，Together about 0.1%，But because of its high usage rate，Assistance and auxiliary verbs accounted for more than 39.869%of the BCCWJ vocabulary in repeated statistics。These two types of words are also called "Japanese Life Line"，Play an important role in maintaining Japanese independence。

　　Japanese Chinese Words are recognized by the public

Han and Japanese language contact has historical factors，It is a kind of dependence on a minority person、Typical non -natural contact mode that is mainly transmitted through books。Language morphology believes that Chinese is an isolated language，Japanese is sticky，These two different types of languages ​​are in non -natural contact mode，The impact of each other is mainly reflected through Chinese words in Japanese。

While borrowing Chinese words，Japan has also appeared in Chinese characters abolition theory and Chinese character restrictions。As early as 1866，Someone once asked the last general Tokugawa Kaita, the last general of the Edo Shogunate, recommended the use of Chinese characters。But because there is no recognized appropriate alternative，It is not conducive to bet365 Play online games cultural habits、Inheritance of cultural traditions, etc.，Chinese characters abolition theory has been strongly opposed，Finally end with failure。Chinese characters restriction theory advocates reducing dependence on Chinese characters by restricting the use of Chinese characters，The purpose of abolishing Chinese characters in the end。The Japanese government used to use "elementary school order", "standard Chinese characters", "use Chinese characters", "commonly used Chinese characters" and other forms of measures，Restricted in government documents、Public published newspapers and textbooks use Chinese characters。Its "Dang Chinese Character Tables" which officially promulgated in 1946 can use 1850 Chinese characters，But in the "Common Chinese Character Table" updated in 2010，The number of Chinese characters used officially recommended by the official has risen to 2136，Overall showing growth trends，This indicates that the strength of limiting the use of Chinese characters is gradually weakening。Although the use of Chinese characters is limited，Write、Pronunciation is becoming more and more standardized，Adaptive ability is continuously enhanced，The status in people's minds is becoming more and more stable。It can be said that Chinese characters have become Japanese history、The indispensable part of culture，Some Japanese people have not even classified Chinese words into foreign languages，Instead, it is used as Harbin (inherent Japanese)、Independent category of side -by -side foreign language。

To sum up，Japanese Chinese words will exist in the middle and long -term Japanese and accompany the development of language to highlight their own characteristics。With the bet365 Play online games continuous enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength、Further improvement of international influence，Ancient Chinese characters are bound to continue to shine on the international stage。

　(This article is the Study Research on Language Evolution of Northeast Asia and the Relationship with Hybrid History with the People "(20BYY195) phase results)

(Author Unit: Academy of Foreign Languages ​​from Huaqiao University)