A discipline、A professional development history is this subject、An important part of this major。Teachers are the hub connecting teaching materials and teaching methods。From historical dimension，Especially the mainstay of modern historical dimension explores the professional literacy and career changes of international Chinese teachers，can be refined from it、Summarize the training rules of international Chinese teachers，Laying a deep foundation for the discipline construction and professional development of international Chinese education。

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As of now，Domestic scholars' research on Chinese teachers during the Republic of China is mainly based on case exploration。Look at the research orientation，These explorations can be divided into two types: one is a summary of the professional literacy of expert teachers，One is the analysis of the professional literacy of ordinary teachers。

The previous orientation was represented by Sheng Yan's "Mr. Zhao Yuan Ren's Contribution to Chinese Teaching" and Zhao Jinming's "The Contribution of Mr. Wei Jian Gong in Chinese and Promoting Mandarin in Taiwan"。Sheng Yan discussed Zhao Yuanren's contribution in international Chinese teaching from two aspects: the writing of textbook writing and teaching theory.。Article specifically pointed out，The phonetic phonetic of Chinese textbooks published in the United States during the Republic of China in the Republic of China uses "Mandarin Roman"，This phonetic method is loved by American students because the tone includes the tone in the spell。Zhao Jinming combined with Mr. Wei Jiangong's Chinese teaching experience in North Korea in the 1920s，Describes the impact of Mandarin Movement on Teacher's qualifications，pointed out that teachers should master the phonetic symbol，"Understand text sound rhyme"，instead of not limited to just "teaching bet365 live casino games 'Jinghua' pronounces"，Can teach exercises with students' mother tongue or English as a media language，must have a certain grammar research ability，You can "tell the language organization to understand a clearly"。These two articles clarify the requirements of expert professional literacy at that time。

The latter orientation is represented by Yin Huayin's "Chinese Early Diplomat Chinese Teaching" and Liu Xiaoxiang's "Chinese teaching of Chinese language in Chinese language -the discussion of Lao She's Foreign Chinese Teaching during London".。Yin Huazhen discussed the Chinese study of the US consulate in Peiping during the Republic of China，Wuhan Chapter、Zhang Taichu、Chen Zhizheng and other examples，It is pointed out that the requirements for teachers at that time were "familiar English，Deepness of Chinese Culture "，Teaching methods that can be used to use direct method and medium language in teaching in teaching。Liu Xiaoxiang discussed Lao She in the 1920s and engaged in Chinese teaching in the UK、Participating in the textbook "Word Sound Films" achieved the results，From the five aspects of "Patriotic Spirit", "Language and Cultural Equality", "Teaching Experience and Life Experience", "Foreign Language Level", "Working attitude and communication ability", Mr. Lao She's professional ability。This summary summarizes the professionalism that ordinary teachers should have comprehensively。

The study of local Chinese teachers during this period is represented by Japanese scholar Hei Ko Hengguang "Biography of Modern Chinese Master" (translated by Wang Shunhong)。Heijiao Henguang is in the biographies made by Oraki and Chizuki Gu Taro，The influence of the phonetic alphabet and Mandarin Roman characters on Japanese teaching in detail。Chi Father Gu Tae -head believes that the phonetic letter is the most suitable method for the Chinese pronunciation，"The Effectiveness and Destiny of the Voice Cord in 1920"，Discussing the nature of the phonetic letter and how to use it in Chinese teaching effectively。Hexagon Hengguang, bet365 best casino games so emphasizes，Mastering the phonetic letter was the basic requirements for the professional literacy of Japanese local teachers at that time。

Sort out from the above literature to know，The analysis of the association of the Mandarin Movement of Mandarin Movement and the Republic of China in the academic community is relatively general，However, there is a clear understanding of the differentiated development path of the teacher。

　Promoting research has several strength points

Lu Jianzhang emphasized in "Research on the Study of the History of Chinese Language Teaching"，The current period of the Republic of China is still the "weak link" of the study of international Chinese education history，The breadth and depth of the exploration are insufficient。In terms of research on international Chinese teachers under modern history,，It is mainly manifested in the following aspects。

First，Lack of international Chinese teachers、Academic history of the development of international Chinese education during the Republic of China，Not fully tapped this period from the late Qing Dynasty literary and historical knowledge to the contemporary teaching technology type。

Next，The scope of research is narrow，Ordinary teachers in Chinese teaching institutions have not yet entered researchers' vision，Failure to effectively connect the case inspection and historical writing。Zhang Xiping mentioned，North China Association Chinese School in 1921 hired 97 Chinese teachers，The teaching method adopted by the school is the direct law introduced by the principal of Pettus (W. B. Pettus) in the early years of the Republic of China，and "Most of the teaching work is performed under the guidance of experienced Chinese teachers"，However, what does this teaching method affect Chinese teachers，Teachers' professional knowledge、How about ability and professional performance，Then pay Zhi Ru as。

again，Insufficient concern for the related literacy of Mandarin Movement and international Chinese teachers，Not Lao She、Teaching practices in Wuhan Zhang and others are involved in the Mandarin Movement、The background of accepting Mandarin training is linked，To a certain extent, it Bet365 app download is not clear enough to explain the professionalism of these teachers。

A. P. R.howatt and h.g.widdowson in "A History of English Language Teaching"，The history of English as a foreign language teaching，Pointing out that the standardization of a language is its inherent foundation and prerequisite for foreign language teaching，The standardization process of language，At the same time, it is also a clearization of professional literacy evaluation standards for foreign language teachers、The process of standardization of evaluation methods。Preliminary excavation of historical materials、Sort and analysis，We found that the impact of Mandarin Movement in the Republic of China on international Chinese education has gradually deepened。Bao Kangning's teaching materials published in 1920, "New Year's New", adopted a phonetic letter for the first time，Martin's textbook written in 1949 "Choose Ten Best Mandarin Textbooks used in Chinese Primary Schools"。In 1934, the "Mandarin Unified Preparatory Committee" of the Ministry of Education of the National Government decided to adopt the proposal of "Edit Mandarin Textbook" proposed by Wei Jiangong。Lu Zhiwei and other "Mandarin Education Research Association" initiated in 1939 put forward the research task of "how to teach foreigners in Mandarin" in the declaration。

At the same time，The consciousness of Chinese teachers in teaching and research practice during the Republic of China、Gradually increased initiative，The understanding of the function of the teacher is becoming clearer and clearer。Chinese Teachers at the Chinese Teacher of the Chinese School in North China Confucius and Chinese Teachers in 1922，Platform for exchanges and research experience between teachers，Among them, the article is from the teaching method、Language knowledge、Literary Science Skills、The four dimensions of professional performance discussed the professionalism that international Chinese teachers should have。

Historical facts in these two aspects are closely related，The relationship bet365 Play online games between it needs to be further explored。This inspiration we need to be based on the study of former sages，further discover historical materials、Broaden research，In -depth integrated research on international Chinese teachers during the Republic of China。

　　Discover history for the future

We think，The history of international Chinese education during the Republic of China is a necessary component of the history of foreign language education。The continuous advancement of the Mandarin movement and the innovation of the world foreign language teaching method，Gradually international Chinese education becomes part of the Chinese social language life。

Taking this as a foothold，Research on Chinese teachers in the Republic of China，Should pay attention to teachers at different historical stages、Exploration of internal association between textbooks and teaching methods，It should also pay attention to the inspection of Chinese and other languages ​​as a foreign language education。

From the perspective of existing research，In the future, we should focus on the Republic of China Hua Yanke at Jinling University、North China Union Chinese School、Yanjing University、Shanghai Huayan School and other specialized agencies teaching ordinary Chinese teachers group。Former two schools as the center，It can be examined in the first 20 years of the 20th century; the two schools in the future are the center，You can inspect the situation in the 1930s and 1940s。

According to the literature and historical reality currently held，Research should use curriculum settings and teaching materials as the starting point，Organize、Compared with the professional literacy composition of Chinese teachers in different ages during the Republic of China，Based on this, the teacher’s evaluation mechanism，Summarize the differentiated development path of the teacher。Exploration can be expanded from the following four aspects。

First，Surrounding government government orders、News reports and research literature，Sort out the language policy and language plan specifically for international Bet365 lotto review Chinese education，Analysis of the role of Mandarin Movement in the process of promoting the modernization of international Chinese education，Examination of international Chinese education gradually integrates into the context of Chinese social language life，The relationship between the development of Mandarin Movement and the professional development of teachers。Second，The above school is the center，Yijin Xingwu、Chengxi、Wang Baiyan、Wu Tianmin、Le Yaobing、Shengqinxian and other examples，Combined course settings、Teacher's educational background，Summary、Comparison of school selection、Specific plan for training international Chinese teachers，Perform the professional literacy composition of teachers、Multi -dimensional summary。third，Compared with the textbooks used by the above schools，"Yinghua Cooperation" and "New Day" written by Bao Kangning，"Chinese Instructions" edited by Oride，"Huayan Picking Grade" written by Bu Lunte，"Chinese Yitong" compiled by Wu Zhang, etc.、Word selection、Grammar annotation、Changes in the arrangement of the text，Differences on the impact of the Mandarin Movement on teaching materials at different times，Analysis of the relationship between this influence and the professional literacy of international Chinese teachers。Fourth，Mandarin teaching method based，Comparison of Mandarin Teaching Method and International Chinese Teaching Law such as direct similarities，Analyze the professional literacy of international Chinese teachers around the teaching method。

Comprehensive above，Carry out international Chinese teachers research in the dimension of modern history，The main goal is from the core ability、Basic Knowledge、Get in three aspects of professional performance，Clarify the professionalism of international Chinese teachers during the Republic of China，Except teachers' differentiated development paths，This research orientation can lay a historical basis for the current exploration and reform of international Chinese teachers' evaluation standards。

　　(Author Unit: School of International Chinese Culture, East China Normal University)