Origin and evolution of music and language，It is a challenging scientific issue that needs to be solved in the future。Current，I have discussed it from the expected perspective。It is expected to be one of the basic functions of the human brain，Play an important role in the communication process of language and music。Research Discovery，When using language or music to communicate，People can have the specific content of the upcoming information and when the information will appear，Generate specific expectations。Existing research examines the content (such as meaning、sentence method, etc.) and time (such as rhythm or rhythm、beats, etc.) expectations。but，During the process of language and music，Two expectations are often existed at the same time。So，How to commonly affect the upcoming information processing? Researchers explore them in language and music through different technical means。

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Large Edward's dynamic attention theory，Provides the theoretical basis for how the time structure affects the content of the input information。This theory thinks，Stimulating time structure can coordinate the periodicity of people's brain nerve oscillations，So as to generate time expectations，When the upcoming event meets the expectations of time, it will promote the understanding of its content。Existing research uses language as material，Provides an empirical basis for this theory。

Kathrin Rothermich (Kathrin Rothermich) to form a rhythm expectation by manipulating the alternation of strong and weak syllables in German sentences，and bet365 live casino games examined the impact of rhythm expectations on the semantic processing of vocabulary。Discover，Compared with rhythm expects to violate，When the rhythm is expected to be reasonable, it can reduce semantic expectations that violate the induced N400 volatility。This indicates，Rhythm expectation consistency can reduce the cognitive cost of violations of vocabulary semantics。Subsequent FMRI studies further positioning，Rhythm expectation Consistency's regulation of semantic understanding is mainly reflected in the left frontal temporal language network。Cyrille Magne and others to manipulate the rhythm rules by adjusting the length of the syllable in the French sentence，Found that the rhythm of the sentence is also violated to obstruct the understanding of vocabulary semantics。

Follow -up research also explores the impact of rhythm expectations on syntax processing。Maren Schmidt-Kassow)，The predictability of manipulating sentence rhythm mode。Discover，Compared to the syntax expectation violation，Rhythm is expected to induce negative waves (LAN)。This indicates，Processing of the rhythm structure in the clause structure。other，Rhythm structure and syntactic structure have interactive effects in the late integration stage (P600)。This indicates，The expectations of rhythm mode not only affect the segmentation of the early speech information，and participated in the re -analysis of processes in the late stage。

but but，The above studies mainly use Indo -European language as experimental materials。Compared with the Indo -European language，Chinese is a tone language，Have a unique rhythm mode。The rhythm rules of Chinese are distributed as the rules of the rhythmic unit，That is, the proportion of two -syllable rhyme unit in Chinese accounts for about 74%，The rest bet365 best casino games are single -syllables or three -syllable rhyme units。Luo Yingyi and others use ERP and eye movement technology，Violations expected by the rhythm of the Chinese phrase level will hinder the understanding of semantics。Li Xiaoqing and others discovered at the level of Chinese sentences，The expectation of the listener's expectations for rhythm rules can increase the excitement of sensory neurons related to early acoustic sensory processing and reduce the cognitive price paid by inconsistencies in advanced semantics，to promote the semantic processing of the upcoming vocabulary。

　　Music perception

Like language，Music is also organized by a series of complex and meaningful symbol sequences，It is an important communication system for human beings。Where，Sound height structure and time structure are the two most important structures of music。The height structure is closely related to the harmony rules of Western tone music，and the time structure mainly includes rhythm and beats, etc.。With the development of music，The listener can generate expectations for content based on the height structure，Expectation of time based on time structure。During listening to the music process，Only combine the height structure and time structure，can form a coherent music representation，Then understand the meaning of music。So，How does the expectations of these two dimensions commonly affect the processing of the upcoming music event?

Some theoretical models explained this problem。Double ingredient model thinks，The impact of sound height and time structure on music is independent; while the theory，There is an interaction between the two。These two theories get some support from experimental evidence。For example，Studies in neurological psychology bet365 Play online games found，Some patients with damaged height processing can still handle the time features of music，Other patients with damaged damaged patients show a certain ability to discern the ability。This clinical double separation phenomenon indicates，The processing of two dimensions of sound height and time is responsible for different subsystems。And some other cognitive experiments discovered，Compared with irregular rhythm sequences，In the rhythm sequence of the rules, the accuracy of the judgment of the sound height is higher，and the rational score based on the height structure is significantly lower。This indicates，It has interaction between the height structure and the time structure。Based on the above two contradictory views，Isabelle Peretz proposed multiple processing stages theory，I think that the sound height and time structure are processed independently in the early days，In the late stage, there is interaction。Is the processing mode of the music structure really like this? If this is the case，When is the two independent processing? When does there interact?。

In related research，We use high time resolution ERP technology to examine how the sound and time dimension in music jointly affect the processing of music events。This research chooses a chord sequence composed of eight chords as music stimulus。Where，The last chord is a target chord，The previous seven chords are music backgrounds。This research is in the height and time dimension，Manipulate the relationship between the target chord and the background of the chord。In terms of sound high dimension，The target chord is in line with expectations or does not meet the expectations; in terms of time dimension，Target chords in accordance with the time rules established by the previous context，Either appears on time bet365 Play online games (meet the expected conditions)，Either appears in advance (non -expected conditions)。Discover，Compared to the expected condition of time，Objective chords that are not consistent with time expectations have induced MMN with greater volatility，Non -expected target chords in harmony induced the early Era and late N5 effects with greater volatility。More importantly，Time dimension and audio high dimension have interaction in the late N5 effect，Expressive as the expected time of time and sound expected to induce N5 effect，without this effect when it does not meet the expectations。This indicates，On the late time window，The expectation of the high dimension of the sound is adjusted by the expected time dimension。other，We still clarify the mode and time process of the common role of the music in the music and time dimension in other studies，That is the height and time dimension of music independently processing，But there is an interaction in the late processing stage。This research results provides important experimental evidence support for the theory of multiple processing stages，At the same time, it provides support for dynamic attention theory in the music field，That is, when the music event appears to meet the expected time of the listener for the time dimension，It will promote the processing of the height dimension。

　　Future Outlook

In recent years，Research on expected processing progress rapidly，also found that content and time -based expectations will interact with the understanding of language and music。This is mainly manifested by the time dimension that meets the expected (time) of the time (time) that will promote the processing of non -time dimension information expected (content)。but but，Based on this，There are still bet365 best casino games some problems that need to be further explored。

First，The above studies are in the language understanding or music perception，It is mainly through the impact of background information on the process of new information processing to speculate on the expected process，It is when the focus is on the emergence of the new information，and rarely directly observe the expected stage。Follow -up research can further pay more attention to the previous processing phase of the new information，To better reveal the internal mechanism of pre -excitement in the process of language and music understanding。

Next，Language and music are art of time，The two will develop corresponding content and expectations with time。Current research from the perspective of language or music，Explore the expectations of different dimensions。But rarely studies from the perspective of comparison，Examine the similarity and differences between the expectations of different dimensions of music and language。Future research can pay more attention to this perspective，This is important to understand the nature or significance of human communication。

Last，Application of expected effects in language and music understanding，It deserves further attention。For example，Discovery of previous studies，It is expected that processing can reduce the vagueness in the dialogue，Reduce memory load，Then promote the efficiency of language understanding。Follow -up research can explore in the process of children's learning language or music，If educators can encourage children to exert their imagination，Try to combine and compare analysis of information of different time standards in a interesting way，Then predict the upcoming stimulus，It may have a better effect than the traditional teaching of "dead memories".。

　　(This article is the "Music Learning Cognition and Neural Mechanism of Music Learning to Promote Language Rhythm Processing" (19yC003) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences、Department of Psychology at the University of China University; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University)