The concept of ritual originated from anthropology and sociology，Usually refers to a series of formal formalized behaviors，such as religious rituals, etc.。Anthropologist Dirkim () Point out，The ritual is a common phenomenon in the tribe，Not only is it replicated，And with continuity。Traditional anthropology only pays attention to ancient tribes and individual groups，and sociologist E. Goffman (E. Goffman) enriches the concept of rituals with traditional meaning，Link it with modern society，I proposed the "interactive ceremony"，Divided the ceremony ceremony and contact ritual，And think that the two are equally important。For example，Civilized attention allocation in the contact ceremony，In public, people usually deliberately maintain a civilized distance from the people around them。Goffman's "interactive ceremony" has universal significance in social life，It also has an important guiding role for language communication research。By the 1980s，The ritual discussion in the field of linguistics has begun to turn to a polite research that is becoming increasingly emerging。，Polite theory mainly focuses on the relationship between individuals，Often ignoring the standardized behavior specifications that are generally complied with in the society。So，Scholars represented by Kangda (D. Z. Kádár) introduce the "interactive ceremony" to introduce the study of attitudes again，Classification、Research method and other aspects provided new perspectives for consumer science research。The analogy of the interactive bet365 Play online games ritual of the interactive ritual they built，It has become an important growth point that has become an internationally linked academic community to contribute to the knowledge of knowledge community。

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Kangda is in his monograph "Polite、Feelings and rituals: Maintaining Moral Order in Interpersonal Interaction Discuss the Interactive Ceremony of Interactive Rites from the perspective of language use，Development and broaden the concept of interactive ritual。Cut in from polite phenomenon，I believe that the use of language has a standardization and systemic characteristics，and clarify that the essence of language interaction is ritual，Its core is the interactive ritual and ritual framework。

Interactive rituals under the perspective of consolidated learning mainly involve the following basic elements: rights and obligations、Standard situation、The characteristics of the convention of the participants。Compared with traditional polite research，These interactive ritual elements can be more macro and multi -dimensional to explain dynamic communication phenomena。For example，Under the situation of shopping malls or hotels，Service staff says "Welcome to" to customers，This is a welcome behavior。But for polite researchers，This type of mode of speech implementation is not its research object，Because they are more concerned about the polite or impolite intention and evaluation of the speaker。，Under the standard situation of ritual，Regardless of the service staff intentionally or unintentionally expressing politeness，Observe the guests to say "Welcome to"，and guests often do not need to respond to this。In other words，This type of interactive ritual sexual speech is subject to the restrictions on rights and obligations bet365 Play online games in standard situations such as reception or service，Participants can recognize the clear characteristics of the rules and abide by the corresponding moral order。So，Entry Researchers are more concerned about the convention of "司 惯 惯" ignored in the field of polite research、Mode expression。but，This does not mean that interactive ritual researchers only need to pay attention to seemingly simple words，Instead, to explore deep complicated structure and dynamic participation through discourse tables。

For this consideration，Concubine's "ritual framework" of V.Turner is included in the interactive ritual consignment。Kangda thinks，The framework of the ceremony covers vocabulary、Speech Behavior and Language and other participants The default verification analysis unit level。For example，Kangda examined some political attacks in ritual in Western media，This behavior seems to be chaotic，But you can find it from the perspective of the ritual framework，Participants follow the established rights and obligations，The ritual framework affects the participants' language behavior。So，Facing relatively complicated communication phenomena，The interactive ceremony can provide more polite analysis.。For example，Some Western media's "impolite" behavior of the public，In essence, this ritual framework behavior of political attack。The "impolite" here is not the main focus，Because the participants know that the impolite behavior in this situation is expected。

Kangda pointed out，The ritual framework does not include the use of individual language，If the use and explanation of personalized polite or impolite language。In short，Whether it is facing the daily contact ceremony，Still a more complicated ritual，The ritual framework bet365 Play online games will promote participants to act according to the established expectations。other，The existence of established expectations also indicates，Unless there is a case of violation of the ritual framework，Otherwise, the polite interpretation of the individual is not important in the interactive ritual。But this does not mean that the interactive ritual is "rigid"。Kangda pointed out，Especially in complex rituals，Under the premise of obeying the ritual framework，Have relative degree of freedom，But those who destroy the ceremony will be "punished"。

　　New method

Study on the framework and related language characteristics of the interactive ceremony，You can use two main methods, from top to bottom and bottom to top，The two complement each other。The former is based on a specific type of interactive ritual or interactive context trigger this ritual，Build this situation ritual framework through corpus analysis，Reveal the relationship between interactive ritual and social and cultural context。The latter examines how the language use reflects specific ritual practice and ritual framework，Use social interaction and corpus -based language -based language research methods。For example，In the bargaining standard context，You can use a top -down method，Determine the bargaining ceremony framework，Digging the characteristics of the use of language use; at the same time，You can also use the bottom -up method，Different types of speech behavior in the market bargaining ceremony framework (request、Notification, etc.) Use，The purpose is to explain the language more completely、The relationship between context and social and cultural。

It is worth mentioning is，J. House (J. House) proposed the ritual framework instructions (RFIE)，provides an operable analysis unit for the bottom -up method。Bet365 lotto review In the expression of the ritual framework,，Seemingly simple words (such as "Sorry", "Please", etc.) will indicate different ritual frameworks in different standard situations。other，This theory can also be used for comparison language analysis，If you discuss the similarities and similarities of the ritual framework indicated by "Sorry" and "Sorry"。Kangda and House discovered，"Sorry" is often used for formal、Public apology ceremony framework，while "sorry" and its variants have no function。

　　New Development

First，Interactive ritual Corporation surpasses the default paradigm of dual interactive interaction of consignment research。The ritual has public orientation，Therefore, it often occurs in the context of complex participants。For this，Interactive ritual Correction Breaks through the boundary of polite research，Not only does it pay attention to the binary and individual -oriented interactive communication，Discussing ritual attacks, etc. that is difficult to systematically difficult to systematically be able to systematically cannot be systematized through the theory of politeness。

Next，Interactive rituals, more systematically discussed the problems of language use on the moral level。In recent years，Econsional studies have gradually followed attention、Research on individualized social language such as humor，Analysis of the relationship between language and morality。The ceremony is an important social means for social groups to maintain moral order，The theory of ritual provides an entry point for the moral research in language use。

again，Interactive ceremony provides a powerful analysis unit for comparison language learning。Innovative research method，Its vocabulary、Speech behavior and language analysis analysis unit starts，The system explores Bet365 lotto review the ritual phenomenon。For example，At the vocabulary level，Can analyze the expression of the unit's ceremony framework; at the level of speech behavior，Emphasize the interactivity of ritual，and apply it to the communication of rituals such as greetings; at the level of language，You can systematically study the construction method of the language，Explaining Multi -dimensional ritual interaction。

Last，The concept of the interactive ritual is a useful supplement to Edmondson and the theoretical framework of House's speech behavior。This is mainly reflected in the following three aspects。First，You can clearly clear the words and behavioral categories through the concept of ritual，Differential characteristics of pointed out the default ritual，Social significance is preferred to content。2，The concept of ritual can be used to analyze the phenomenon of "speech behavior migration"，If the non -ritual speech behavior can have a specific ritual function。third，Ceremony — Research on Word Behavior Interface，Use two words、Comparison of verbal use has an important enlightenment function。

Interactive ritual Eroticology is a diverse communication theory proposed by Kangda's interactive ritual and ritual framework in sociology，Make up the traditional polite research individual、Insurance to the Light Period。Clear the development of the theory along the evolution of the theory、Basic academic thought，Explore its innovation place，We can see the potential and advantage of the consignment of interactive ritual，This is also proof of the widespread attention of international linked academic circles。Research on the Interactive Ceremony of Interactive Rites in my country，Can be more combined with Chinese localization research，For "Telling Good Story in China，Sending a good bet365 best casino games voice in China "contributes your strength。

　(Author Unit: The National Language Committee of Dalian University of Foreign Languages ​​University, China Northeast Asia Language Research Center、Institute of English; the National Language and Language Research Center of the National Language Committee of Dalian University of Foreign Languages)