The subjectivity of interaction is an important issue in the study of contemporary philosophy。It first means the relationship between multiple subjects，Others are different from objects，Can't restore the other as a "other thing" in a conceptive sense; second，Others are not "he and me"，Even if the person who exists in a rational existence exists in the world，Others always mean a "transcendence"、A absolute alien; in addition，The subjectivity of the interaction also involves the relationship between self and social community -Is there the most stringent "private domain" in the most stringent sense? Is the general effectiveness of a judgment coming from the negotiation between the subject?

Phenomenology from the structure of others in self -consciousness、The learning mechanism of the life world、The absoluteness of the other in the ethical sense understands the subjectivity of the interaction; the critical theory of the Frankfurt School through discovering the concept of "recognition" in Hegel's early thoughts，and link it with Mid's social psychology theory and Pierce's pragmatism principles，Try to understand the subjectivity of interaction as a core concept of a post -form and school; analyze philosophy represented Vitgustein and Strasson，Starting from the argument of "no private language"，It indicates that the concept of interactive subjectivity is expressed nothing more than the natural publicity of the language。

But，Thinking about the subjectivity of interaction is not a patent for contemporary philosophy，We can clearly trace its source back to the German classical philosophy。Fisht introduced the concept of mutual recognition between the subjects into his ideological plan in Jear's period，and use this as a starting point for the legal relationship between subjects，It is believed that the subjectivity of interaction provides Bet365 app download the possibility of self -consciousness.。This conclusion is undoubtedly a pioneer。Start from the system of thought，Figit's thinking about the subjectivity of interaction originated from the reflection on Critical philosophy，He mentioned in "New Methods of Knowledge (1796-1799)"，The most shocking incompleteness of critical philosophy is reflected in，Kant has never made an explanation on other rational existence except himself，Self cannot determine the existence of other rational existences from experience。We know，Kant through the definition of the concept of "common sense"，affirmed that rational existence can rely on "the sense of common sense of logic" and "aesthetic common sense"，Treatment of its own judgment ability as based on the rationality of all human beings。Feihit thinks，Kant's understanding of this issue is difficult to escape experience and arbitrary theory，Not just the concept of "others"，Even "individuality" itself must be interpreted from "absolute self" through the principles of knowledge。If Kant reveals the response of the subjectivity of interaction，So Fishte strives to make it a real concept。

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The reason why Kant philosophy is called "Cordini -style revolution"，It is because it is based on the perceptual and intellectual ability of the possibility of knowledge based on the perceptual and intellectual ability of the rational subject，Therefore, the basic principles of the theory of priority concept。Where Kant，The term "priority" does not mean the relationship between knowledge and things，It means the relationship between knowledge and knowledge。In this sense，Whether it is the ability to use the concept and universal rules，Still the ability to determine the law of morality in practice，or the ability to use knowledge for judgment，Their universal effectiveness is only based on the inherent ability of the subjectivity。but，This inherent nature is not completely equivalent to a "private nature"，Kant fully realized，The Bet365 app download universality of a judgment must be tested by the effectiveness of the main body; in the language of contemporary philosophy，The universality of judgment also contains a "normative"。

Kant tried to express his thinking about interactive subjectivity by thinking about the thinking of "Sensus Communis"。"common sense" and political philosophy, especially the "common sense" that British and American conservatives like to emphasize the same word。Kant distinguished the "sense of aesthetics" and "logical common sense" in "Judgment Criticism"，The former is associated with aesthetic judgment，The latter represents a kind of "ordinary intellectual"。"The common sense of aesthetics" is more familiar with researchers，Kant defines it as a concept of common feeling，Aesthetic judgment based on this concept is judged in your own reflection. Considering the appearance of any other person in your mind，Make your own judgment as if based on all human rationality。Through this concept，Kant gives unique feelings from sensuality with universality，Believe that the aesthetic judgment is homogeneous for each subject，Therefore, it is effective between the subject。

Compared with this，"The common sense of logic" or "ordinary intellectual" is often ignored by researchers。In the Introduction to the Future and School of School，He clearly divides the intellectual parts into speculative intellectual and ordinary consciousness，Intellectuality, except for the high -level recognition ability of the concept and universal rules，It must also be understood as the ability of each rational existence to be understood。In "Practical Anthropology"，Kant regards "thinking in the status of others in people's exchanges" as intellectual expansion applications based on rational -based Fan Dao。That is to say，The general validity of a judgment is except for the conditions that are possibilities in except for the innate speculation and intellectual ability as their possibility，It also needs to be based on the "ordinary intellectual" that everyone possesses.bet365 best casino games 。other，In the field of moral philosophy，Kant also put forward the same requirements for intellectual。In "Moral Sacrifice and School Laying the foundation"，Kant requires everyone to ask whether the "Decision Order" that is regarded by themselves is also applicable to others。

Based on the concept of "common sense"，Kant realized that the truth of judgment must be in line with the inevitableness of logic and rationality，Also facing the "standardization" demonstration in the community。But，Kant's thinking about this problem is not sufficient，His existence of other rational existence has not made very close reflection，Instead, it is more accepted as a ready -made belief。The language of phenomenal language，Where Kant，Others still have a strong "others" color。From the perspective of Kant's successors，This is unacceptable。

　　Fechit: "The concept of a person is a concept，The concept of legal authority is the condition of self -consciousness "

On the basis of Kant，Fisht has greatly expanded the thinking about the subjectivity of interaction，also obtained a very forward -looking insight。Study Fetchit's authoritative scholars such as Rhein Hart Laut、Edis Duxin and others think，Not only should Fichte's status as a theoretical theory of interaction and discover the status of people，It should also change the allegations of the long -term knowledge of the knowledge of Jear's period or the allegations of extreme "subjective idealism"，Because Fishte built the "absolute self"，I have realized that the mutual recognition between subjects is a prior condition that the subject self -awareness is generated。

"Absolute self" setting its own "original action" is the theme of the Ferchit's construction of Jear's knowledge。Based on this，Feihit gives knowledge to the unity of two levels: the unity of theoretical rationality and practical rationality，Unification of the object itself and the world of phenomena，As a result, Kant philosophy was saved in the atmosphere of suspicion theory。At the beginning of its appearance，bet365 Play online games Knowledge science is facing the allegations of only my theory。In a letter to Jacoba，Figit mentioned，Absolute self is obviously different from individual concepts，The opponents of knowledge science like to mix the two of them，and impose a so -called practice of only my argument to him。In Ferchit himself，Personal and absolute self is divided into two concepts that belong to two different levels，The concept of individuality can be performed from absolute self，The key to interpretation is to combine itself with a doctrine of natural legal power。Actually，Through this interpretation，Fechitan gets an individual concept containing interactive subjective dimensions。To understand this conclusion，Must clarify several of the thought steps in it。

First，Self -setting itself is just the first principle of knowledge，Absolutely self -setting its own principles is not enough to enter the level of self -consciousness。Because once you enter consciousness，It must be reflected，So as to lose its irrelevant and infiniteness。If there is a deficient specified，The infinite nature expressed by the first principle will not be truly realized。Fechiter expressed the infinite and restricted dialectical relations as "self -setting itself is not stipulated by my own", "self -setting yourself is not me"。The interaction regulations between self and non -me are also necessary parts of self -awareness。In "The Basis of All Intelligence"，"Non -I" is generally specified as a "obstacle" (ANSTO? 茁)，Non -I am self -stipulated，In turn to restrict self -orientation of unlimited free activity;，A "obstacle" function that is not me has to be transformed into a "summon/request"，And that can only be able to bear this function can only be another rational existence outside the self。

Next，Different from Kant，Feihit thinks，Bridge that can act as a bridge between theoretical rationality and practical rationality is legal rather than aesthetic judgment。Fiste inherited the principle of Kant's practical rationality，bet365 live casino games But he firm。For each individual，The moral law stipulated by the philosophy of Kant's practice is unconditional and applicable，The principle of legal authority is conditional，Their applicability is limited。According to the principles of knowledge that Fisht has established，The rules of the theory of law and authority are，"The concept of freedom of all people who connect with you，Restricting your freedom "。

Last，Combined with the above two points，We can clarify，It is because of the concept of "restrictions" in the principle of legal power，Fihit determined it as the "absolute self" at the theoretical level to interpret the "individuality" at the practical level, that is, the field of rational existence。"Basis based on the principles of knowledge" expresses this restriction as a "utility" about freedom。The most critical second in this work、In the third interpretation，Fechit's try to solve Bet365 app download the possibility of self -consciousness。In his opinion，The key to self -awareness is (A) The subject not detects that it is active，and (B) I realize that it is an object。and the subject must notice that it is an object，I can’t notice that it can specify that it is automatic，and can only be aware that it is automatically specified by an external obstacle。and，This obstacle will inevitably allow the subject to have sufficient freedom of self -regulations，Otherwise, if you lose (A) The subject cannot notice yourself。This obstacle is understood here as a requirement for the determination proposed to the subject to show the requirements of its free utility or summon。From Fishte's view，No such requirement，Those with rational existence cannot set their own freedom。If this requirement exists，Those with rational existence must set another rational existence outside themselves as the cause of this requirement。

So far，Figit fully show his insights on interaction subjectivity，That is, if there is no call from other rational existences，The subjectivity will also lose itself。The concept of legal power itself Bet365 app download is the possible prior condition of self -consciousness。Take this as the starting point，A community based on the mutual recognition of rational existence can be imagined，"If there should be a person if there should be a person，Many people must exist "。Well knows，The Heidelberg School understands the "Benyuan Action" as a kind of "Chu Chu Dian"。So one here，Figit's interpretation of the concept of legal power shall also get the demeanor and research from the perspective of interactive subjectivity theory。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Nanjing University)