Geolinguistics is also called linguistic geography or dialect geography，Emphasis on drawing language maps based on language materials to study the geographical mobile bet365 of dialects in different regions。where，The most important thing is to study its historical causes、Evolution and development, etc.。At the same time，Geolinguistics also focuses on studying the geography of language mobile bet365、Culture、Social and other factors。1880s，Wenke (G, a young European grammar school scholar. Wenker) wants to prove the view that "there are no exceptions to the laws of phonetics" through language maps，But he found out after investigation，The synonymous lines of each word are different，This gave rise to the research method of geolinguistics。Theoretical basis of geolinguistic research during this period，It’s Schmidt (J. Schmit’s “wave theory” and Hugo Schuchardt’s geographical variation theory。

In recent years，Chinese scholars have begun to pay attention to and use geolinguistic methods to study Chinese dialects and minority languages。Discovered during research，Not all changes in pronunciation and vocabulary are regularly distributed and linear，The same speech evolution law does not apply to the evolution of other speech sounds。So，In geolinguistics research we must pay attention to the linear theoretical perspective，At the same time, we should also pay attention to the application of nonlinear theoretical concepts，This can better explain the geographical mobile bet365 of language，Exploring the evolution process。

　　mobile bet365 theory view

According to the New Grammar School，“The development direction of each word is basically the same，The development and change of speech is mechanical，Every voice change follows certain rules”，This is the principle of "no exceptions to the law of phonetics"。Geolinguistics is a theory and method that studies the synchronic mobile bet365 of languages ​​and the history of linguistics。In Geolinguistic Research，Researchers often focus on the linear mobile bet365 rules of phonetic and lexical evolution，Explore the regularity of its mobile bet365 and evolution，This is the core task of geolinguistics。

The claims of the New Grammar School have their reasonable elements。In the view of the New Grammar School，The mobile bet365 speech has strong regularity，Subject to specific circumstances。When a sound in the same region changes，Other related speech sounds will change along the same evolutionary path。The New Grammar School regards the evolution rules of speech as the same as mathematical formulas or physical laws，Thought it has strict regularity。New Grammar School believes，The "exceptional" phenomenon in the mobile bet365 speech is also affected by another law of speech，Only the laws that influence the occurrence of "exceptional" phenomena are unknown，Researchers have not fully understood the influencing factors。

What causes "exceptional" phenomena in the evolution of speech，There are mainly two factors: external strength and internal strength。External power refers to the influence of factors such as other languages ​​or ancient languages；The internal factor is analogy，Analogy produces new phonetic forms。In the phonetic and lexical evolution of mobile bet365，Forms of analogy play an important role。Newly generated phonetic forms or words use certain sounds or words that already exist in the mobile bet365 as standards to form new forms，There is a formal correlation between the two，This is the role of analogy in the evolution of mobile bet365。

　　mobile bet365 theory view

Schmidt created the “Wave Theory”，Schuhhardt put forward the view that "every word has its own history"。These two theories are proposed in response to the "no exceptions to the laws of phonetics" of the New Grammar School，Illustrating the irregularity of vocabulary evolution through the non-linear geographical mobile bet365 of vocabulary。Over a long period of time，Scholars view the two as opposites，Think that the two are irreconcilable。

The phonetics of language、Vocabulary、Grammar evolution，There is a linear mobile bet365，And the regularity is more obvious，Easy to find and summarize。But，We must also understand it objectively，The geographical mobile bet365 and evolution of language is not linear like mathematical formulas or physical laws，Sometimes affected by nature、Geography、The influence of external factors such as culture will form a non-linear mobile bet365。Academic circles tend to ignore the nonlinear theoretical view of language evolution，It is generally believed that the geographical mobile bet365 and historical evolution of languages ​​are linear、Regular。While affirming the linear theoretical view of language evolution，We must also pay attention to the non-linear principles of geographical mobile bet365 and language evolution，And try to explore the reasons for nonlinear mobile bet365，In this way, we can better analyze the geographical differences and historical evolution of languages。Speech and grammar are mostly linear at the synchronic level，But it is nonlinear in many cases at the diachronic level。

For example，About Buyi language in southwest Guizhou，Aspirated voiceless stops are mainly distributed in the third dialect area and the adjacent first、Some language points in the second dialect area，Unaspirated voiceless stops are mainly distributed in the first dialect area。So，There is an aspirated sound in part of Buyi language，The other part has no aspiration sound，This is a non-linear mobile bet365。Though they speak the same minority language，But there is such a big phonetic difference inside。Currently，On this issue，There is still controversy in academia。Some opinions，This is influenced by Chinese；There are also opinions，This difference already exists。The formation of aspirated sounds in Buyi language，Can be divided into internal reasons and external reasons。The internal reason is caused by the evolution of the internal structure of Buyi pronunciation and intonation。External reasons are the sounds of other languages ​​during language contact、Borrowing of tone，This is the driving factor for its formation，But not the main reason。So，The formation of aspirated sounds and non-aspirated sounds is non-linearly distributed。

In previous linguistic studies，We often look at all aspects of language research with linear thinking，Think of the phonetics of language、Vocabulary、Syntax and other aspects are linear mobile bet365、With universal laws。In fact, this is a one-sided understanding of language issues。Language is a linear mobile bet365，Another nonlinear mobile bet365。If we explore the mobile bet365 of aspirated voiceless stops in Buyi from a synchronic level，We can draw the following conclusion: aspirated voiceless stops are mainly distributed in the Qianxi dialect area，The unaspirated voiceless stops are mainly distributed in the southern and central Guizhou dialect areas。This way you can think of it，This speech phenomenon is linearly distributed，The regularity is more obvious。But from the perspective of diachronic mobile bet365 and evolution，The mobile bet365 of aspirated voiceless stops in Buyi is non-linear，It is difficult for us to accurately construct the evolution of aspiration sounds in Buyi language from ancient times to the present，The development and evolution of language will be affected by a variety of internal and external factors。So，This is a non-linear mobile bet365。Looking at the diachronic evolution of language geographical mobile bet365 from a non-linear perspective，It seems to be able to better solve the current confusion。On the one hand，To correctly view linear mobile bet365 in geolinguistics，Combining and mastering the rules；On the other hand，Can accept the non-linear mobile bet365 phenomenon，And interpret and study it from a multi-dimensional perspective。

The dialectical relationship between two mobile bet365 views

The New Grammar School advocates that "there are no exceptions to the laws of phonetics"，Think that once a certain voice changes，Then other voices under the influence of the same environment will also undergo the same changes。Propositions against the New Grammar School，Produced “wave theory” and “dialect geography”。Both theoretical models illustrate the irregularity of pronunciation change through the irregular diffusion of words in the region。It is precisely because of the above differences in academic views，For a long time, many scholars have viewed "phonological laws without exception" as opposed to "wave theory" and "dialect geography"，This will result in losing the opportunity to understand the inherent shape of mobile bet365。

In fact，Geolinguistics itself is a dialectical synthesis of linear and nonlinear theoretical perspectives。In exploring the geographical mobile bet365 of speech and vocabulary，To explore the linear mobile bet365 rules，Find the path of phonetic and lexical evolution。But sometimes，Geolinguistics research also appears in non-linear mobile bet365，This is mainly caused by the combined influence of internal factors and external factors。Explore the reasons for its nonlinear mobile bet365 through language surveys，Is the main task of nonlinear mobile bet365 research。For nonlinear mobile bet365 and evolution phenomena in language，The reasons for its changes cannot be explained according to linear mobile bet365 rules，Individual descriptions can be used、Research method of individual explanation。Nonlinear research in language is individualistic，To establish a nonlinear research model in research，Summary of factors affecting nonlinear mobile bet365 and evolution，Adopt a special solution method suitable for each nonlinear model。This way，Only through the analysis of influencing factors can we find the reasons for its mobile bet365 and evolution。

　　(This article is a phased result of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission’s general social science project “Research on the Theory and Practice of Geolinguistics from the Perspective of mobile bet365 and National Conditions” (SM202210853001)

(Author’s unit: Chinese College of Dalian International Studies University；mobile bet365 of Basic Education, Beijing Industrial Vocational and Technical College)