Geographical Linguistics is also known as language geography or dialect geography，Emphasize drawing language maps on the basis of language materials to study the geographical distribution of dialects in different regions。Where，The most important thing is to study its historical cause、Evolution and development。At the same time，Geographical Linguistics also pays attention to the geography of language distribution、Culture、Social and other factors。1980s，European Youth Skills Scholars G. Wenker wants to confirm the view of "voice law without exception" by language map，But he found it after investigation，The same line of each word is different，Research method of geography linguistics。The theoretical basis of geographic linguistics research during this period，is the "wave theory" of J. Schmit and the geographical mutation theory of Hugo Schuchardt。

In recent years，Chinese scholars have begun to pay attention to and use geographical linguistics methods to study Chinese dialects and ethnic minority languages。Discovered in research，Not all the changes of all voice and vocabulary are regular distribution and linear changes，The law of the same voice evolution is not applicable to the evolution of other voice。So，In the study of geographic linguistics, we must pay attention to the view of linear theory，At the same time, pay attention to the use of non -linear theoretical concept，This can better Bet365 lotto review explain the geographical distribution of the language，Explore the evolution process。

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New Grammar School thinks，"The development direction of each word is basically the same，The development and change of voice are mechanical，Each voice change follows a certain law "，This is the principle of "voice law without exception"。Geographical Linguistics is a theory and method of studying the history of the language of language and the history of linguistics。In the study of geographical linguistics，Researchers often pay attention to the linear distribution rules of voice and vocabulary evolution，Explore the regularity of its distribution and evolution，This is the core task of geographical linguistics。

The claim of the new grammar school has its own reasonable component。From the perspective of the new grammar school，The evolution of the voice has strong regularity，Demolition of a specific environment。When a sound in the same area changes，Other related voice will change according to the same evolution path。The new grammar school regards the evolution of voice as the same as the mathematical formula or the law of physics，I believe it has strict regularity。New Grammar School thinks，The "exception" phenomenon in voice evolution is also affected by another voice law，It is only the law that affects the "exception" phenomenon is unknown，Researchers have not fully mastered the influencing factors。

The "exception" phenomenon caused by voice evolution，It mainly has two factors: external forces and internal forces。External power refers to factors such as other languages ​​or ancient languages; internal bet365 best casino games factor is a pushing effect，Class to produce new voice forms。In the voice and vocabulary evolution of language，Class push form play an important role。The newly generated voice form or word is based on certain voice or words that exist in the language to form a new form，There are formal associations between the two，This is the role of a class that is pushed in language evolution。

　　Anthology of Non -linear theory 

Schmidt founded the "Wave Theory"，Shu Hart put forward the point of view of "each word has its own history"。These two theories are proposed by the "Voice Law" of the new grammar school，Explain the irregularity of vocabulary evolution through the non -linear distribution of vocabulary。For a long time，Scholars will look at the two of them，Think that the two are irreconcilable。

Voice of Language、Vocabulary、grammar evolution，There is a linear distribution，and the regularity is more obvious，Easy to discover and summarize。but，We also have to realize it objectively，The geographical distribution and evolution of the language are not as linear as the mathematical formula or the law of physical law，Sometimes it is natural、Geography、Culture and other external factors will form a non -linear distribution。The academic community often ignores the non -linear theory of language evolution，It is generally considered to be linear in geographical distribution and historical evolution of language、Regular。While affirming the linear theory of language evolution，We must also pay attention to the non -linear principles of geographical distribution and language evolution，and try to explore the cause of non -linear distribution，This can better analyze bet365 live casino games the geographical differences and duration of the language。Voice and grammar is linearly at the common level of symbolization，But in a lot of circumstances at the duration level, it is non -linear。

For example，About Buyi Yu in the southwestern region of Guizhou，Giving Qiqing Caisin is mainly distributed in the Third Tuyu Zone and the first one near its adjacent、Partial language points of the Ertu District，Don’t send Qi Qingzai Yin is mainly distributed in the first Tuyu area。So，There is a part of the pitch in some part of the Bayi language，and the other part does not give up the sound，This is a non -linear distribution。Although it is the same ethnic language language，But there are such large voice differences inside。Current，On this question，There is still controversy in the academic community。I have a point of view, think，This is influenced by Chinese; there are also opinions that think，This difference is existed。The formation of the sound of Bayi language，Can be divided into internal reasons and external reasons。The internal reasons are caused by the evolution of the internal structure of Buyi voice rhyme.。External reasons are other languages ​​and voice in the process of language contact、borrowing of tone，This is the booster factor formed by it，but not the main reason。So，The formation of the formation of gas and non。

In previous linguistics research，We often look at all aspects of language research with linear thinking，Voice of Language、Vocabulary、grammar and other aspects are all aspects of linear distribution、With universal laws。In fact, this is a one -sided understanding of language problems。Language is a linear distribution，Bet365 app download It is another kind of non -linear distribution。If you explore the distribution of Bayi to send the sound of clearing the sound from the common level，We can draw the following conclusions: Sending Qiqing Saiyin is mainly distributed in the Tuyu District of Qianxi，Don’t send Qiqing Saiyin is mainly distributed in the Tuyu District of Guizhou and Guizhou。This can be considered，This voice phenomenon is linear distribution，The regularity is more obvious。But from the perspective of time distribution and evolution，The distribution of Bayi to send the sound of cleanliness is non -linear，It is difficult for us to accurately construct the evolution of the puzzle of the ancient times to the present，In the process of language development and evolution, it will be affected by a variety of internal and external factors。So，This is a non -linear distribution。Look at the duration of language geographical distribution from a non -linear perspective，It seems to be able to solve the current confusion。On the one hand，To correctly look at the linear distribution in geographical linguistics，Sort out and master the laws; on the other hand，You can accept the non -linear distribution phenomenon in it，Interpretation and research from a multi -dimensional angle。

Dialectics of the two theoretical outlooks 

New Grammar School advocates "Voice Laws No exception"，Think that once a certain voice changes，Then other voice under the same environment will also change the same change。Proposal proposed by the new grammar school，"Wave theory" and "Dialect Geography"。These two theoretical models are irregularity of voice changes through the irregular spread of vocabulary in the region。Because of the differences Bet365 app download in the above academic views，For a long time, many scholars have opposed "voice law without exception" with "wave theory" and "dialect geography"，This will cause the opportunity to lose the appearance of the language inherent in the language。

In fact，Geographical Linguistics itself is a dialectical synthesis of linear theory view and non -linear theory view。When discussing the geographical distribution of voice and vocabulary，To explore the linear distribution rules of them，Find the path of voice and vocabulary evolution。But sometimes，Geographical Linguistics Research will also appear non -linear distribution，This is mainly caused by the common influence of internal factors and external factors。Discovery through language survey to explore the cause of its non -linear distribution，The main task of non -linear distribution research。For non -linear distribution and evolution phenomenon in language，It is impossible to explain the reasons for the change in linear distribution，You can use individual descriptions、Research method explained individual interpretation。Non -linear research in language is individual，To establish a non -linear research model in research，Summarize the influencing factors of nonlinear distribution and evolution，Adopt a suitable special solution for each non -linear model。This，can find the cause of its distribution and evolution through the analysis of factors。

　　(This article is the study of geographic linguistics theory and practical research under the vision of language and national conditions in the Beijing Municipal Education Commission "(SM202210853001) phase results) 

(Author Unit: Han Academy of Dalian University of Foreign Studies; School of Basic Education, Beijing Institute of Technology)