Voice Types is a branch of language type，Mainly starting from the voice system structure of cross -language (including dialects)，Then explore the commonality of the human voice system in the structure and possible limitations。The generation and development process of voice type learning，Changes have always existed in the perspective of methodology and research perspective。Looking back on the development context of the type of voice type，Find the combination point of Chinese voice characteristics and voice types，Chinese voice that helps to generate voice types。

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The emergence and development of voice types，It is very related to the progress of describing linguistics。Charles Francis Hockett pointed out in the 1950s，Compared to the 1930s，He was an important condition in which he was able to conduct voice type studies at the time，Just have more、More credible language survey report。Later John Crothers、Ian Maddieson can continue to promote the study of voice types，One of the important conditions is that there are more and more reliable language survey reports。

With the increase of language survey report，Some linguists start paying attention。In this regard，Edward SAPIR believes，A relative language may have a common "inner voice pattern"。Compared with other components，This "inner voice pattern" is more stable、Not easy to change。but but，What needs to be pointed out bet365 best casino games is，"Inner voice pattern" said what Sayer said，Not as far as sound value，Instead, the structure of the voice system itself。That is to say，The number of voice components that constitute the voice system structure and the relationship between each other，Relatively fixed in this "inner voice system"，The specific sound value (that is, the form of voice expression) of these voice components can be changed。Sayer did not exclude the possibility of two languages ​​without any common voice ingredients，Therefore, he did not further explore the commonality of various languages ​​in the form of voice outside the voice。but but，If Sasher determines that two different voice systems cannot be composed of completely different voice components，Then he may consider the commonality of the voice system in the voice performance。and the facts just indicate，Different voice of human beings exist in common。

The earliest attention to voice types and studied the members of the Prague school，The representatives of them are Nikolai Sergeyevich TrubeTzkoy and Roman Jakobson。Trutiz Keiyi has begun to pay attention to voice types，and start studying the type of commonality of the vowel system，A lot of classic conclusions are obtained。For example，Trupiz Keyi discovered，The vowel system in all languages ​​in the world has a confrontation with the size of mouthful。other，All languages ​​have a basic consonant series，This consonant series includes lip sound、Tooth sound、Soft palate sound。These conclusions were later confirmed by the Bet365 app download empirical research institute。

　Destination Phase

What needs to be pointed out is，Truzkiz Key's Voice Type Study，The method is still purely summarized。He has no idea of ​​interpretation，I did not introduce the concept of "containing" into research。Jacobsbuson and Joseph Greenberg will interpret the introduction of language type studies。This is a major breakthrough in language type studies。

Jacobson pointed out，The existence of tight throat sound contains the existence of the sound of the sound。That is to say，If a language has tight throat sound，So this language must have a stuffing sound。but but，If there is no tight throat sound in a certain language，It does not mean that there is no such language。other，About the relationship between vowels，Jacobson also explicitly proposed the concept of "vowel triangle"，and point out A、i、U constituted the smallest vowel system，The existence of other voices contains the existence of the vowel triangle。If there is y, there must be u，and U may not have Y，that is, the existence of Y contains the existence of u。

Greenberg's proposal，The front and back of the low vowel contains the front and back of the high vowel。That is to say，If a language has front and back opposition，So there must be front and rear opposition on the high vowel。Converse，If a language of a language is opposed to the front and back，So the low vowels of this language may not have front and back opposition。

　　Big Data method phase

​​When the Summary Law and Destination Method are fully applied in the study of voice type，Establishing bet365 best casino games a global voice database has become the focus of the follow -up development of voice type。Promote Voice Type Study in Big Data，Is a feasible solution。The audio library of Stanford University collected 209 languages，But the proportion of major language departments is not enough balanced。University of California Los Angeles Sound Database gathered 317 languages，Strict equivalent principles for language samples，Only one language was included in every small language family。Madison considers the availability and quality of the phonetic description，Its basic voice materials are more reliable。These all provide a solid foundation for the study of voice type。

Based on the voice big data of the world language，Klose and Madison summarize 15 yen common rules。(1) All languages ​​have i、u、a。(2) If a language has 4 or more vowels，So there must be this language? 匏 or?。(3) If a language has 5 or more vowels，So there must be this language?，Usually there will be in this language? 蘅。(4) If a language has 6 or 6 voices，So there will be one of this language? 蘅 and? 匏 匏，Among the two? 匏 匏 is more common。(5) If a language has 7 or more vowels，So this language will definitely have E and O or?。(6) If a language has 8 or 8 vowels，So there must be e in this language。(7) If there are 9 or more vowels in a language，So there must be O in this language。(8) In human language，There are 5 opposite vowel sound quality is the norm，The number of vowels of common voice systems is often similar to the number of basic vowels。(9) In a system, the number of vowels that distinguishes highly in the system，The number Bet365 app download of vowels that should be or greater than the difference between the front and rear phases。(10) If there are 2 or more internal vowels in a language，So at least one of these internal voices is high vowel。(11) The number of internal vowels of the same column cannot be greater than the number of front vowels or post vowels。(12) The quantity of the front vowel should be greater than or equal to the number of post vowels。(13) The high voices and low vowels of the short vowel system，There is a more centralized trend than the corresponding Changyuan sound of the phase。(14) Number of nasal voices system，The quantity of less than equal to the mouth vowel system。(15) If the number of a nasal vowel system is smaller than the number of the corresponding mouth vowel system，So what is most likely to lack in the nasal voice system is the nasal phonetic sound of the Chinese vowel。Since it is based on big data，These voice type rules are usually more reliable。

　Chinese Studies boost discipline development

Trupiz Keyi、Madison and others conducted more comprehensive and detailed research on the voice structure of the world's language。These methods and specific conclusions，It has a certain reference value for the voice types of Chinese dialects to study Chinese dialects。In the domestic academic community，Li Rulong advocated in the 1990s，Type studies of types of Chinese dialects in common and time -level types of Chinese dialects，This is very visionary。

What needs to be pointed out is，Voice Types from creation to development，Basically, European and American scholars are engaged in related research，They often use Indo -Europe Bet365 lotto review as the entry point。Therefore，There is a serious Indo -European language center tendency in the study of voice type，Lack of attention to the voice characteristics of Chinese and its types of characteristics。In Chinese，"Rhyme" is a very common concept，Refers to the part of a syllable from excluding the audio mother。There are very diverse "rhymes" in Chinese dialects，Especially the rhyme composed of the nasal sound rhyme，such as an、in、UN、ANG、ING、ONG et al.。Indo -European language is not a language of one word, one syllable，Rhyme materials are not as rich as Chinese。Study on the composition of these "rhymes" and the relationship between mutual mutual，voice type features that help to recognize "rhyme"。This may be an important innovation point for Chinese scholars in the field of voice type。

other，Because Chinese is a word, one syllable language，The combination of statistical consonants and vowels is very convenient。Which soundmares and which voices will constitute an advantageous combination，Which voices and which sound rhyme tails will constitute an advantageous combination，Perhaps Chinese scholars will be relatively sensitive to these problems，Therefore, there are certain research convenience and advantages。This may also be the innovation of Chinese scholars in the field of voice type。

In short,，Voice Types originally summarized and developed on the basis of Indo -European language，It still has the tendency of the Indo -European language center。If Chinese scholars are studying in voice types，Awareness of forming problems based on Chinese and exploring bet365 live casino games in -depth exploration，will contribute to the development of voice types from the innovative power of China。

(Author Unit: School of International Education, Wenzhou University)