The practice of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation in China roughly began in the late Qing Dynasty。Over a hundred years，Popular bet365 joining bonus code translation has experienced five waves，Distinctive characteristics，is a beautiful sight in the history of Chinese translation。Popular bet365 joining bonus code translation enables Western scientific ideas and knowledge to be spread in China，To culture、Thoughts、Language、Making a huge impact in education and other fields。

　1860s to the first decade of the 20th century: the first wave of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation。Since the Opium War，China is gradually becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society。To save the nation，Since the 1860s，There is a wave of translation between official and private parties。1865，Li Hongzhang founded the Jiangnan Manufacturing Administration and attached a translation office。The Translation Center brings together well-known Chinese and foreign scholars，Translated a large number of military personnel、Physics、Chemistry、Geography、Works on medicine and other fields，Famous translators include Xu Shou from China、Hua Hengfang and others，Fryer from the UK、Wei Lie Yali and others，A total of 160 kinds of translated books，Representative translated works include "Chemical Identification", "Record of Changes of Objects When Exposed to Heat", "The Beginning of the Camp", "Geodesy Mapping", "Legal Medicine", etc.。These translated works introduce the basic principles and applications of natural bet365 joining bonus code knowledge，Had a great influence on the late Qing intellectuals’ absorption of Western knowledge，Effectively bridge the historical gap between China and the world in the development of bet365 joining bonus code and technology。

After 1894，The reformers seek strength for the sake of reform，Daxing’s style of translating books and running newspapers。Many translation agencies have been established across the country，Like Shanghai’s Strong Society、Datong Translation Book Company、Farming Guild，Official Bookstore in Beijing，Wuchang Knowledge Society, etc.。These institutions mainly translate Western social bet365 joining bonus code classics。Generally，The translated works were first serialized in newspapers such as Current Affairs News, Agricultural bet365 joining bonus code Journal, Chinese and Foreign Journals, and Gezhi News，A separate book will be published later。The most representative popular bet365 joining bonus code translation result during this period is undoubtedly Yan Fu’s translation。1896-1909，He has translated many Western sociology works、Political bet365 joining bonus code、Political Economy、Philosophical masterpieces，Such as "The Theory of Heavenly Evolution", "Original Wealth", "Qun Xue Yi Yan", "The Theory of the Rights of Groups", "Muller's Famous Studies", "General Interpretation of Society", "The Meaning of the Law", etc.。He uses a lot of "notes", "translation notes" and "inclusion notes" in the translation，Try to explain Western philosophical thoughts and political views，Calling readers to cheer up and become stronger、Save the nation’s salvation。Yan Fu is known as the great master who enlightened the people’s wisdom in modern China，His translation not only launched a huge impact on popular bet365 joining bonus code propaganda to the Chinese people，It also brought about revolutionary changes in the ancient literary genre of Tongcheng School which was popular in China at that time。

1930s: The second wave of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation。The popular bet365 joining bonus code translation wave in the 1930s started vigorously with the educator Tao Xingzhi as the center。1930s，After Tao Xingzhi returned from overseas，Discovered that only a few people in China are engaged in scientific research in ivory towers。He believes technology should serve more people，So he advocated the "scientific marriage" movement。He launched a bet365 joining bonus code popularization movement in Shanghai，Introducing popular bet365 joining bonus code knowledge to the working people and poor children。Since 1931，He successively founded the "Shanhai Engineering Study Group", "Newspaper Boys Work Study Group", "Morning Watch Work Group", "Wandering Children Work Study Group", etc.。He summoned Ding Zhuzhong、Dong Chuncai、Fang Yuyan、Tao Hong、Gao Shiqi、Lü Jinglou、Chen Heqin and others founded Nature Academy，Carry out scientific experiments，Compile、Write a popular bet365 joining bonus code book series。They compile、A total of 101 "Children's bet365 joining bonus code Books Series" compiled，This series of books is written in language that children can understand、Fresh style、Newly created genre，Easy to understand for children and adults、Popularize scientific knowledge。

China has had texts containing popular bet365 joining bonus code information since ancient times。For example，The Thousand-Character Classic is an elementary school textbook that focuses on recording commonly used information，"Mengxi Bi Tan" written by Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty is a notebook reader containing various practical information，"Xu Xiake's Travels" written by Xu Xiake in the Ming Dynasty is a travel book that records journey information。But，This type of traditional Chinese popular bet365 joining bonus code texts is small in number and has limited influence。The purpose of Tao Xingzhi and others’ translation and creation of popular bet365 joining bonus code texts is to allow children to increase their knowledge of modern bet365 joining bonus code and technology，Diverse genres、Outstanding theme、Novel content、Popular language and other characteristics，Welcome by people。This has brought scientific knowledge out of the ivory tower to a large extent，For the people。

1950s-1960s: The third wave of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation。1950-1961，A large number of Soviet popular bet365 joining bonus code works have been translated and introduced to China，Set off a wave of translation of Soviet popular bet365 joining bonus code works。1950s-1960s，Soviet bet365 joining bonus code popularization writers created fruitful bet365 joining bonus code popularization works。These popular bet365 joining bonus code works are rich in content、Easy language、Diverse genres。At that time，China is learning from the Soviet Union in all aspects，Also enthusiastically translated and introduced Soviet popular bet365 joining bonus code works，To encourage people to love life、Work hard、Building a New China。All kinds of popular bet365 joining bonus code works of the Soviet Union in full translation、Excerpt、Compilation and other forms were translated into China，Some are published in translations in popular bet365 joining bonus code magazines such as "bet365 joining bonus code Illustrated"，Some are published by publishing houses in the form of translations。Many publishing organizations translate and publish popular bet365 joining bonus code books with an almost pious attitude，In order to reproduce the original work realistically，Text translated by famous experts，Original illustration、The binding design and other aspects are transplanted as comprehensively and meticulously as possible。Some popular bet365 joining bonus code translations also contain various informative annotations，Make the content very useful。

The wave of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation in the 1950s and 1960s，Shi full translation、Excerpt、Different translation strategies such as compilation are fully demonstrated，New and diverse translation genres have emerged。At the same time，The popular bet365 joining bonus code translation faithfully reproduces the style and layout of the original work，It also brought a new atmosphere to the development of China’s publishing industry。

1970s-1980s: The fourth wave of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation。Late 1970s, early 1980s，Study bet365 joining bonus code has spread across the country、Use the craze of bet365 joining bonus code，A large number of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation works came into being。This period，Translator、The editor has a strong professionalism，Translation of pursuing excellence。The popular bet365 joining bonus code translation shows high quality、Popular characteristics。For example，Bao Yongning translation、"From One to Infinity" edited by Wu Boze，fluent language，Fascinating content，Published by bet365 joining bonus code Press in 1978，First printing of 600,000 copies，Sold out quickly。The popular bet365 joining bonus code translation text also shows the characteristics of rigor，Any inappropriate questions related to politics，The translations have been carefully and appropriately processed。For example，The first sentence of "From One to Infinity" introduces the scientific topic with a bet between two Hungarian nobles，Because the relationship between China and Hungary was relatively tense at that time，The translation is not literally translated as "two Hungarian nobles"，But changed to "two foreign nobles"。Just a few years，Many popular bet365 joining bonus code masterpieces created in European and American countries from the 1950s to the 1970s (such as "Adventures in the Physical World" and "Aha")，A flash of inspiration", etc.) have been translated and published，And the print run is huge。That period，Translated popular bet365 joining bonus code works have become important spiritual food for people，Extracurricular readings, especially those that college students are eager to circulate。Immersion in popular bet365 joining bonus code translations has become an unforgettable reading experience for many people，This inspired their scientific dreams，Rejuvenate the country through bet365 joining bonus code and education、Played an important role in economic development。

2005 to present: the fifth wave of popular bet365 joining bonus code translation。Since 2005，With the rapid development of China’s economy，Popular bet365 joining bonus code translation welcomes another wave。Many institutions in China have multiple channels、Introducing translated Western popular bet365 joining bonus code works in various ways。Many magazines publish translations or compilations from foreign journals as quickly as possible、Various bet365 joining bonus code articles on the website，Some magazines have also established good cooperative relationships with well-known foreign bet365 joining bonus code journals。For example，"Global bet365 joining bonus code" has been exclusively authorized by the American popular bet365 joining bonus code magazine "Scientific American"，Can compile and publish popular bet365 joining bonus code articles in Scientific American。There are also some publishing houses that spend huge sums of money to introduce various famous foreign popular bet365 joining bonus code books。For example，"First Promotion Series" published by Hunan bet365 joining bonus code and Technology Press，Selecting “first-class bet365 joining bonus code works” from the world’s “first-class scientists”，Showing the personal experience and significant progress of scientists in solving the mysteries of nature，Reflecting the exploratory and critical spirit displayed by scientists in the process of revealing the mysteries of nature。This series has more than 60 volumes in total，First appeared in the form of "edit"，Later published in the form of "series"，Ru Universe Series、Physics Series、Life series, etc.，Some famous popular bet365 joining bonus code books have become bestsellers，Such as "A Brief History of Time", "Ode to Cell Life", "The Emperor's New Brain", "Hawking's Lectures", "New Physics Rhapsody", "The Secret of the Sky", etc.。Jielie Publishing House also spent huge sums of money to introduce French children’s popular bet365 joining bonus code classics，And published in the "First Discovery" series。This series of books uses a unique film printing process，Inserted into the book some transparent pages printed on both sides，Integrating knowledge and fun，To meet children’s cognitive needs。In addition，Many classic popular bet365 joining bonus code texts have been re-translated，Or please ask the original translator to make changes，Available in new packaging。

At the same time，New media has become an important medium for the dissemination of popular bet365 joining bonus code translations。Currently，Mobile phones have become an important tool for disseminating popular bet365 joining bonus code translation texts。Some websites publish the latest English-Chinese popular bet365 joining bonus code texts in the form of English-Chinese bilingual format，Other websites publish popular bet365 joining bonus code texts translated in Internet languages。Some bet365 joining bonus code enthusiasts spontaneously set up a platform，Display popular bet365 joining bonus code translation text。For example，Guoker.com is a spontaneous project created by bet365 joining bonus code enthusiasts to promote scientific and technological knowledge、Website that disseminates scientific and technological information。Many websites are novel and unique、Publish popular bet365 joining bonus code translated texts in an engaging format，How to juxtapose translated text with original text、With pictures and texts、Interactive Q&A、Likes, comments, etc.。In the context of the new era，Books、Newspapers、Websites and other media publish popular bet365 joining bonus code translations，Not only for people’s production、Life provides rich and colorful spiritual food，At the same time, it also produced certain economic benefits。

　(This article is part of a major project of the National Social bet365 joining bonus code Fund "Research on the Collection and Writing Innovation of Works on the History of Journalism and Communication in China over a Century" (22&ZD321) phased results)

(The author is a professor at the School of English, Xi’an International Studies University)