Contemporary Scholars Research The themes involved in Supinosa's religious freedom include Supinosa's religious broad capacity、The political value of religion、The relationship between religion and the country, etc.。The main tendency of these studies is to treat Spearza as a democraticist，I believe that he tries to find a legitimate location for traditional religion in the modern democratic system。The significance of this study is that it is no longer simply regarded as an atheist or anti -religious person，Instead, trying to tap Spearosa's political value and general significance theoretical insights，Religion as an important political force，As a result, Spearza’s social and political doctrine and Hobbes、The difference between Locke and others and their unique contributions。Especially recently, some scholars have begun to reflect on the "classic misunderstanding" of Strauss's "classic misunderstanding" for the concept of religion in Spertosa，They tried to find consistent social and political thoughts and their own body theory foundation in "Ethics" and "Theological Political Theory" and even "Political Theory"。In order to implement Spearosa's ontology ideas into social and political claims，They oppose the so -called "political rhetoric" of Strauss，I believe that theology and religious terms in Spertosa's social and political works are not just to avoid review and self -protection; instead，The theological term of social politics is Spearosa's ideological system itself，Although many concepts have been given new meaning and status。

But，The inadequate in bet365 Play online games the United States is，These studies used the use of contemporary political philosophy to rescue Supinosa from the "atheist" label，But it is trapped in the mud of the two -point system of contemporary political philosophy。Contemporary Political Philosophy mainly has two traditions of religious and state relations，First is the tradition of citizen religion，Second is the tradition of liberalism。Citizen religious tradition believes that religion is only a means of political rule，No independent value，The ruler must firmly grasp the control of religious control to serve politics，This traditional classic theorist includes Machiavili and Hobbes。Liberal tradition believes that modern religion is a private religion，Personal religious behavior belongs to private rights，The government has no right to intervene and control，This tradition is represented by Locke。Based on this two -point framework，Scholars discovered that Supinosa's religious and political thoughts have both citizen religion，There are liberal factors，Because Stiminosa resolutely advocates that the ruler is the interpreter of religion，On the other hand, I try to defend religious freedom，Opposition to religious disputes and persecution，Therefore, it is difficult to simply attribute Spearosa to one of them。In the framework of political philosophy, this dilemma caused by studying Spearosa's religious freedom view reflects scholars who have inaccurate or even distorted the entire philosophical system and many of them. know，These misunderstandings are reflected in the following three aspects。

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First，No religious concept of Supinosa without accurately。The tradition of scholars attributed Spearza into citizen religion focuses on the concept of traditional revelation religion，Think of the imagination of Bet365 app download traditional religion、Amazing and virtue can help the state to achieve and control the people; the tradition of attributing Spearza into liberalism is to focus on the concept of true religion，I think that true religion is mainly a simple lover as his own morality，Citizen's understanding of nature and God is their talent rights，It has nothing to do with politics。This mixing and fuzzy treatment of the concepts of traditional revelation religion and authentic religion makes people realize that although Spearosa does not oppose traditional revelation religion，It is difficult to say which religion does Spearosa support，Even if he is in Spertosa, he is a godist、Atheism is still panic theory，This brings a series of ambiguous and troubles。

You can find it when you return to the text，Supinosa's religious view is based on his human view，The view of human nature is mainly reflected in his view of freedom。According to the definition，Human nature refers to the inevitability of human nature，Freedom is the inevitability of people who actively obey this nature，So，Human religious choices are determined by their degree of freedom。People who do not be free are hovering between hope and fear of hope and desire，Fantasy to reward or punish unrealistic religious returns; the general public has true beliefs if the general public can practice justice and charity with the ability to practice justice and charity;，immersed in the love of God's reason，Reflected the God of God and Love God、Philosophy and Ethics、Unity of rational and faith。The degree of freedom of a person is human survival power，The greater the living power of a person，The more free people, the more free，The more people have the right to have the right to be free。The so -called natural rights are not in harmony overnight，People can only achieve the development Bet365 lotto review of survivability and rational ability in the country and real religion and even philosophy，Be the right to continuously increase political freedom。It is impossible for a single religious form to exist within a country or even the entire world，Some people believe in true religion，Some people believe in philosophical new religion，So，From the eyes of Spearza，There is no commonly applicable、A single political and religious relationship mode。

　Religious freedom is not a product of modern politics

2，No concept of freedom of Supinosa without accurately。Scholars who simply default to freedom of freedom in politics and legal sense，Understand the freedom of people as the legitimacy and scope of citizen action，Its essence is an irreversible、Natural rights that are not violated。According to the above understanding，Religious freedom, as a political freedom as other public activities of human beings, refers to the rights and legitimacy of human action。This kind of freedom concept with modern political colors and Supinosa in ancient Hebrew history、Christian history and even the free concepts inspected in human history are very different。

Through the inspection of human religious and political history，Supinosa discovered various forms in human history、In each stage，Whether people living in it have political freedom、Freedom of speech、Publishing freedom, etc.，They all have an eternal freedom, that is, religious freedom。He thinks，Religious freedom is not a product of modern politics，Early humans with extreme superstition、Echler ruled by the tyrants、A country that locks the country can enjoy religious freedom without exception。Their religious freedom may be reflected in the basic moral standards，As the Ten Commandments of Moses; or it is reflected in the order of the monarch to not violate the law; or it is reflected in the spirit of love to Bet365 app download love God。other，From the eyes of Spearza，Although freedom mainly refers to activities that people actively work hard to obey human nature，3443_3462。But，If people do not rely on the acquired moral cultivation and rational improvement，This precious non -intervention will always face the danger of deprivation。Because everyone has this unintelligo right，How powerful a person is with is the right to have the right to be，Individuals with weak survival power are always facing the threat of external forces with strong strength。So，The freedom of a person needs to be developed、Unexplained。Spearosa thinks，With the improvement of human freedom，The religious church of human belief is getting rid of the superstition of imagination，Trees and philosophy of rational rational。

　　To ensure religious freedom is the ethical responsibility of the country

third，No national concept without knowing Supinosa。Researchers of Spearosa, one -sidedly believe that the country has only legal significance，The state must rely on the external mandatory force of the law to restrain citizens，Use the passion of fear to suppress the desire of not free citizens to destroy the community of life。They believe that the freedom of the country is relative，Once the state is established, the various rights of citizens' actions are stipulated in the form of law，The right to religious belief is one of them。So，The relationship between religion and the state is the established relationship in accordance with the law，It is a political system stipulated in the law，Then I have religious freedom。other，The state as a political community is only an external condition for the right to freedom of citizens rather than the subject of freedom，The country just protects people's life and property freedom，The country itself does not matter freedom or not free，Whether the bet365 best casino games existence of the country's own community itself is just a legal facts，without the meaning of the ontology or ethics。But，Stiminosha's country is based on ethics、The category of legal as the means，The country does not originate from the natural state but ethical state，Only premise with ethical state，Only the necessity of the country and the contract to maintain the ethical state，"If life comes, it is restricted by God's law and rights，That is to say, if the sacred law and rights are a need for life，Then do not need God to make a contract with humans，Use oaths and agreements to enable humans to comply with God's law and rights "。A country is a monarchy、The law of the aristocratic system is still the law of democratic system.，The law itself is just a product that agreed，No real value。The essence of the country is to maintain a state of dexterous rhythm from the natural state，This is the mission of the country and its own legitimacy，The state must act like an individual based on the same mind.，Similar to the relationship between individuals between the country。

These judgments of Speoxisa are all to explain that the country's survival is in line with the nature of the free people's mutual assistance，The country is a kind of human needs，It is the manifestation of the ability of people's freedom to maintain the country's freedom，So，The freedom of the country is human freedom。Spennosa believes that it is not an established national law that can stipulate the relationship between the state and religion，On the contrary，The national law should be formulated based on the religion that can believe in and maintaining the country's freedom，The more people believe in pure virtue、Philosophy religion，The more you can avoid tyranny and anarchy，The less the external compulsory of the law is needed。In short，Scholars are the freedom of ethics bet365 Play online games with the freedom of politics，and Spennosa is to demonstrate the freedom of politics with ethical freedom。

　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Fudan University)